This document provides a project report on the analysis of power sector equipments in India. It includes an acknowledgement, table of contents, executive summary and introduction. The executive summary highlights that the report provides an extensive study and analysis of India's power sector through Porter's five forces model and SWOT analysis. It shows that there has been continuous growth in power generation and consumption in India. The introduction provides background on the growth of the power sector globally and in India, current scenario and future scope. It indicates that demand for power is growing rapidly in India and there is a need to double generation capacity.
Indian Power Sector - Industry AnalysisArjun Yadav
The power sector in India has entered into the growth stage since 2003. With a production of 1,006 TWh, India is the fifth largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world after Russia. The sector is also witnessing robust growth in renewable sources of energy with wind and solar energy estimated to contribute 15GW and 10GW respectively, during the next five year plan. The government passed the National Tariff Policy in 2006 that ensured adequate ROI to companies engaged in power generation, transmission and distribution and assured the consumers affordable rates.
The document provides an overview of the power industry in India. It notes that as of 2014, India had an installed power capacity of 237.742 GW, with non-renewable sources making up 87.55% and renewable 12.45%. In 2012-2013, India generated around 911 billion units of electricity. Key sources of power discussed include thermal, nuclear, wind, solar, and coal. The largest players in the Indian power market by market capitalization are listed and described briefly.
The Indian power sector has faced many challenges including power shortages, inefficient state electricity boards that accumulated large debts, and low per capita electricity consumption. Reforms since the 1990s have focused on increasing private sector participation, unbundling state electricity boards, rationalizing tariffs, improving regulation, and enhancing competition. Further reforms are still needed to attract greater private investment, reduce transmission and distribution losses, and achieve universal access to electricity in India.
This presentation gives a brief about the Indian Power sector. It covers evolution, growth, major players of Power sectors. Also, it focuses various acts, regulations and tariffs related to it. The important part is issues which are there in Power sector and we have made an attempt to provide recommendations for the same.
With a production of 1,006 Terawatt Hours (TWh), India is the fifth largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world. Over FY07-13, the production has expanded at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5 per cent.
Multiple drivers (industrial expansion, growing per-capita incomes) are leading to growth in power demand; this is set to continue in the coming years. Power consumption is estimated to increase from 821.2 TWh in 2013 to 1,433.2 TWh by 2022.
Power is one of the key sectors attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into India. Total FDI inflows in the sector has touched US$ 7.8 billion during April 2000-March 2013, accounting for 4 per cent of total FDI inflow in India. Major investments earmarked by public as well as private sector companies across the value chain.
The National Tariff Policy (2006) has ensured adequate return on investment to companies engaged in power generation, transmission and distribution and assured electricity to end-users at affordable and competitive rates. The government has also launched of Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP) scheme through tariff-based competitive bidding. The Government of India targets capacity addition of 89 GW under the 12th Five-Year Plan (2012–17) and around 100 GW under the 13th Five-Year Plan (2017–22). Investments of around US$ 223.9 billion are planned for the power sector during the 12th Plan Five-Year Plan (2012-17).
Indian Power Sector- A Study of Effectiveness of Past Power Sector Reforms an...Anshuman Batra
The document discusses the evolution of power sector reforms in India since independence. It analyzes the effectiveness of past reforms in reducing demand-supply gap, transmission & distribution losses, increasing private sector participation and per capita consumption. While reforms have increased capacity and access, financial health of state electricity boards remains poor with high commercial losses. The document concludes more comprehensive reforms are needed to improve financial viability and further reduce losses to boost economic growth.
The document provides an overview of the Indian power sector. It discusses that India has the 4th largest installed power capacity globally and is expected to see 7.5% annual growth in electricity demand over the next few years. The power sector is dominated by thermal sources like coal, but renewable energy is growing robustly. Key players in the sector include central and private entities. Challenges include financial stress, lack of long-term power purchase agreements, delays in approvals, and constraints on fuel availability. The document outlines various growth drivers for the sector and recommends quick fixes like improving land acquisition and clearances to address challenges.
The document discusses India's integrated energy policy and progress towards electricity sector reforms. It notes that India needs to increase primary energy supply 3-4 times and electricity supply 5 times by 2031-32 to sustain high economic growth. Key objectives are energy security, reliability, affordability and meeting needs in a sustainable manner. National programs like RGGVY have expanded rural electrification but losses and deficits remain high in many states. Continued reforms, infrastructure investments and adoption of new technologies are needed across generation, transmission and distribution.
Indian Power Sector - Industry AnalysisArjun Yadav
The power sector in India has entered into the growth stage since 2003. With a production of 1,006 TWh, India is the fifth largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world after Russia. The sector is also witnessing robust growth in renewable sources of energy with wind and solar energy estimated to contribute 15GW and 10GW respectively, during the next five year plan. The government passed the National Tariff Policy in 2006 that ensured adequate ROI to companies engaged in power generation, transmission and distribution and assured the consumers affordable rates.
The document provides an overview of the power industry in India. It notes that as of 2014, India had an installed power capacity of 237.742 GW, with non-renewable sources making up 87.55% and renewable 12.45%. In 2012-2013, India generated around 911 billion units of electricity. Key sources of power discussed include thermal, nuclear, wind, solar, and coal. The largest players in the Indian power market by market capitalization are listed and described briefly.
The Indian power sector has faced many challenges including power shortages, inefficient state electricity boards that accumulated large debts, and low per capita electricity consumption. Reforms since the 1990s have focused on increasing private sector participation, unbundling state electricity boards, rationalizing tariffs, improving regulation, and enhancing competition. Further reforms are still needed to attract greater private investment, reduce transmission and distribution losses, and achieve universal access to electricity in India.
This presentation gives a brief about the Indian Power sector. It covers evolution, growth, major players of Power sectors. Also, it focuses various acts, regulations and tariffs related to it. The important part is issues which are there in Power sector and we have made an attempt to provide recommendations for the same.
With a production of 1,006 Terawatt Hours (TWh), India is the fifth largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world. Over FY07-13, the production has expanded at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5 per cent.
Multiple drivers (industrial expansion, growing per-capita incomes) are leading to growth in power demand; this is set to continue in the coming years. Power consumption is estimated to increase from 821.2 TWh in 2013 to 1,433.2 TWh by 2022.
Power is one of the key sectors attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into India. Total FDI inflows in the sector has touched US$ 7.8 billion during April 2000-March 2013, accounting for 4 per cent of total FDI inflow in India. Major investments earmarked by public as well as private sector companies across the value chain.
The National Tariff Policy (2006) has ensured adequate return on investment to companies engaged in power generation, transmission and distribution and assured electricity to end-users at affordable and competitive rates. The government has also launched of Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP) scheme through tariff-based competitive bidding. The Government of India targets capacity addition of 89 GW under the 12th Five-Year Plan (2012–17) and around 100 GW under the 13th Five-Year Plan (2017–22). Investments of around US$ 223.9 billion are planned for the power sector during the 12th Plan Five-Year Plan (2012-17).
Indian Power Sector- A Study of Effectiveness of Past Power Sector Reforms an...Anshuman Batra
The document discusses the evolution of power sector reforms in India since independence. It analyzes the effectiveness of past reforms in reducing demand-supply gap, transmission & distribution losses, increasing private sector participation and per capita consumption. While reforms have increased capacity and access, financial health of state electricity boards remains poor with high commercial losses. The document concludes more comprehensive reforms are needed to improve financial viability and further reduce losses to boost economic growth.
The document provides an overview of the Indian power sector. It discusses that India has the 4th largest installed power capacity globally and is expected to see 7.5% annual growth in electricity demand over the next few years. The power sector is dominated by thermal sources like coal, but renewable energy is growing robustly. Key players in the sector include central and private entities. Challenges include financial stress, lack of long-term power purchase agreements, delays in approvals, and constraints on fuel availability. The document outlines various growth drivers for the sector and recommends quick fixes like improving land acquisition and clearances to address challenges.
The document discusses India's integrated energy policy and progress towards electricity sector reforms. It notes that India needs to increase primary energy supply 3-4 times and electricity supply 5 times by 2031-32 to sustain high economic growth. Key objectives are energy security, reliability, affordability and meeting needs in a sustainable manner. National programs like RGGVY have expanded rural electrification but losses and deficits remain high in many states. Continued reforms, infrastructure investments and adoption of new technologies are needed across generation, transmission and distribution.
India is the 5th largest power producer in the world with the total power capacity of more than 145,000MW. Despite growth in power generation capacity over various 5-Year Plans, India is facing huge power deficit with peak power deficit of about 16%.
The report provides a snapshot of the power sector in India, including the installed capacity and growth and value chain analysis. It provides overview of the various components of value chain – Generation, Trading, Transmission and Distribution.
The report includes an analysis of the government policies and incentives to boost the total installed capacity and also highlights the key trends and challenges in the power sector.
Competitive landscape identifies the public sector undertakings, domestic and international private players in power sector market. It highlights the presence of each player across the value chain, their installed capacity and key financials.
Electricity distribution challenges and some solutionsPrashantkarhade72
The document discusses the challenges facing electricity distribution in India. It outlines the evolution of policies and institutions in the power sector, noting achievements like increasing generation capacity but also growing financial problems. Distribution companies have accumulated losses of over Rs. 1.1 trillion since 2003, and debt in the sector has grown to Rs. 3.5 trillion, driven by inefficiencies in areas like power procurement and tariff setting. The document concludes by recommending steps to strengthen regulatory governance, corporate governance of state utilities, and planning to help move towards more efficient and effective electricity distribution.
This document provides an overview of the power sector in India. It discusses the key stages in the development of the power sector from before 1956 to the present day. Some of the key points covered include:
- The power sector has gone through different eras including nationalization (1956-1991), liberalization (1991-2003), and the current growth era (2003-present).
- Key policy initiatives and legislation like the Electricity Act 2003 and National Tariff Policy 2006 have promoted private sector participation and competition.
- India has a total installed capacity of 248,509 MW as of 2014, with thermal power making up the largest share at 69%. Renewable energy capacity is also being increased significantly.
IRJET- The Power of Electricity and it’s Problems in IndiaIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses electricity generation and its role in India's economic development. It highlights how all sectors rely on electricity for basic needs and operations.
2) The major sources of electricity in India are described as hydroelectric, thermal using coal and gas, and nuclear. However, problems have arisen due to delays in projects, financial issues of state electricity boards, and high transmission and distribution losses.
3) While generation capacity has increased significantly over time, gaps remain between targets and achievements. Issues like cost recovery and inefficiencies have also contributed to regular power shortages across the country.
Modern Energy Transport - Country Analysis IndiaAdityaDesai77
The document discusses India's modern energy transport and distribution system. It provides statistics on India's installed energy capacity and energy supply from 1947-2018, showing increasing reliance on coal and growth in renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Charts depict rising electricity production, with coal as the dominant source and rapid growth of renewables from 1990-2014. The document outlines India's plans to significantly expand renewable capacity and reduce coal's share by 2027. It describes India's national grid and ongoing upgrades to accommodate increasing electricity demand and integrate more renewable sources.
Carbon finance potential of renewable energy technologies in indiaPallav Purohit
This document discusses carbon finance potential for renewable energy technologies in India. It begins with definitions of carbon finance and what needs to be financed for mitigation and adaptation. It then provides an overview of India's power sector and status of renewable energy. It discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and how it can provide carbon finance for renewable energy projects. It analyzes the potential for various renewable technologies in India to obtain carbon finance, including solar energy technologies like box-type solar cookers, solar lanterns, solar home systems, domestic solar water heating and solar pumps.
State of Art Technologies in Power DistributionIRJET Journal
This document discusses state-of-the-art technologies in power distribution in India. It first provides background on the importance of efficient power distribution and some of the challenges faced. It then outlines various government initiatives to improve distribution, including programs to modernize infrastructure through smart grid technologies. Specific technologies discussed that can help optimize distribution include smart meters, automatic distribution systems, integrated voltage control, and demand optimization through selective load control. The document advocates for replacing aging infrastructure with smart grid systems to improve reliability, efficiency, and management of the electrical network.
Day-4, Dr. Rahul Walalwalkar - Energy Storage 4 RenewablesIPPAI
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar in India and the challenges they pose to integrating with the electric grid. It notes India's goals of 20 GW of solar by 2022 and the need for better forecasting and energy storage to help balance the intermittent nature of these resources. The India Energy Storage Alliance was formed to help capture the growing energy storage market opportunity in India, estimated at 15-20 GW by 2020. It aims to bring international industry players together and help address application challenges through knowledge sharing and exhibitions.
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentationIPPAI
This document provides an overview of India's proposed smart grid vision and roadmap. The vision is to transform India's power sector into a secure, adaptive, sustainable and digitally-enabled system providing reliable energy for all. The roadmap outlines activities over 3 five-year plans from 2012-2027, including reducing transmission losses, augmenting control centers, expanding access and reducing power cuts. Key goals are integrating renewables, developing smart metering infrastructure, establishing microgrids and EV charging stations, and improving energy efficiency. Standards development and stakeholder consultation will help realize this vision of a smart, reliable electricity system for India.
Power generation and supply industry in india an economic analysis of the m...Harsh Shah
The document discusses the power generation and supply industry in India. It covers three key points:
1. The industry has experienced steady growth since 2008 at an average annual rate of 3.96%. Thermal power has grown the most while hydro and nuclear have grown at lower rates.
2. The industry exhibits characteristics of a natural monopoly due to large economies of scale, high fixed costs, and significant barriers to entry. The major players are large state-owned and private companies.
3. For a natural monopoly, average costs decline as output increases. However, without regulation pricing above marginal cost could lead to inefficiencies. The document discusses the need for government tariff regulation in India's power industry.
The document outlines India's efforts to reform its power sector through the UDAY program and achieve 24x7 Power For All. Key points:
1) UDAY aims to permanently resolve issues facing power distribution companies (DISCOMs) by having states take over some of their debt, improving operational efficiency to reduce losses, and enabling periodic tariff increases.
2) Operational efficiency will be improved by reducing Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses through better metering, infrastructure upgrades, and public awareness campaigns against theft.
3) Demand side management programs like LED lighting adoption and efficient agricultural pumps will reduce peak load and energy consumption.
4) Transparency in procurement has led to sharp
The document discusses opportunities for SK Energy to enter the wind power market in China. It analyzes the market size and growth potential of China's wind industry. Government policies strongly support the development of renewable energy like wind power. The wind power market in China is large but development has been uneven across regions. There is potential for SK Energy to partner with players in the industry to take advantage of opportunities in both developed and developing wind power markets in China.
The document discusses India's experience with power procurement through international competitive bidding. It outlines the guiding principles of promoting competition and protecting consumer interests. Case I bidding allows flexibility for developers while Case II bidding specifies project parameters. Early Case I bids saw tariffs around Rs. 2-3/kWh but they have risen to Rs. 4-6/kWh due to fuel supply and cost uncertainties faced by developers over 25-year contracts. Case II bids saw lower initial tariffs of Rs. 1-2.5/kWh but projects like the Tilaiya UMPP face delays from land and clearance issues. Key learnings are a need for mid-term tariff reviews, provisions for uncertainties, and readiness of key
The document discusses the pros and cons of implementing a price cap for electricity in India. It notes that while price caps can prevent supplier market power and price gouging, they can also reduce supply and investment if set too low. International experience shows that price caps are not effective long-term solutions and often trap governments into higher subsidies over time. The document analyzes electricity market data from India and concludes that widespread intervention may not be needed given most power is sold through long-term contracts and exchange prices impact a small percentage of the overall market. Demand response and better regulation of distribution companies are presented as alternatives to consider before implementing a price cap.
The government’s “Power for All” programme is an ambitious plan, which depends a lot on the development of capacity expansion in power supply chain, developing coal resources and logistics and increasing technological interventions.
CII-PwC report titled Round-the-Clock Power Supply: A Key Milestone says that the Indian Power Sector depend upon the availability of power that on other hand depend on two factors—adequate electricity generated and development of supporting infrastructure for the supply of electricity.
A Review of Restructured Power Development and Reform Programme in Indiaijiert bestjournal
The power sector is one of the most important infrastructural aspec ts of the Indian economy. But of late,it has been facing some serious problems such as old worn-out and poor distributi on network leading to frequent outages,skewed tariff structure,huge Transmission & Distribution (T &D) losses largely due to outright theft & unmetered supply,high LT/HT line ratio,overloaded DT/ Lines,lack of accountability at feeder level and in distribution setup of State Electricity Boards (SEBs). Henc e,the Government identified Distribution Reforms as the key area to bring about the efficiency & commerc ial availability into the power sector. The Government took various initiatives in this direction;one of these is the introduction of Accelerated Power Development Programme (APDP) in February,2000. The main objective of thi s programme was to initiate a financial turnaround in the performance of the State owned power sector .
1. India needs a comprehensive National Energy Policy to establish long-term energy targets and mix, and to coordinate policies across sectors like renewable energy and environment.
2. A National Energy Commission should be formed to formulate and implement a national energy action plan, and focus on improving technologies to increase thermal efficiency and reduce pollution from coal.
3. The policy should balance increasing domestic energy production from coal while meeting stringent environmental norms, and consider imported coal's impact on costs. It should also establish realistic targets and support for scaling solar and other renewable energy sources.
ICF ppt India Infrastructure - The road ahead for Power sector 16th May 2016Ashish Singla
The document summarizes a presentation on the road ahead for India's power sector. It discusses key trends like rising electricity demand and declining load factors. It outlines India's commitments under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions intensity and increase non-fossil fuel capacity. The presentation analyzes the Indian power market until 2030 and highlights big game changers like large scale renewable energy additions and their integration challenges. It uses a proprietary modeling tool to address pertinent questions around meeting emission targets while integrating substantial renewable capacity.
India faces significant challenges in providing adequate energy to support its growing population and economy. While energy usage and electricity capacity have increased substantially in recent decades, India still suffers from widespread energy poverty and electricity deficits. Meeting the needs of a population projected to exceed 1.4 billion people by 2020 will require quadrupling energy supplies from 2003-2004 levels. This presents immense technical and financial difficulties, as existing infrastructure struggles to meet current demand, evidenced by regular blackouts and shortages across large parts of the country. Ambitious targets for capacity additions over the next decade will need to be met to avoid severe supply constraints restricting economic growth.
India is the 5th largest power producer in the world with the total power capacity of more than 145,000MW. Despite growth in power generation capacity over various 5-Year Plans, India is facing huge power deficit with peak power deficit of about 16%.
The report provides a snapshot of the power sector in India, including the installed capacity and growth and value chain analysis. It provides overview of the various components of value chain – Generation, Trading, Transmission and Distribution.
The report includes an analysis of the government policies and incentives to boost the total installed capacity and also highlights the key trends and challenges in the power sector.
Competitive landscape identifies the public sector undertakings, domestic and international private players in power sector market. It highlights the presence of each player across the value chain, their installed capacity and key financials.
Electricity distribution challenges and some solutionsPrashantkarhade72
The document discusses the challenges facing electricity distribution in India. It outlines the evolution of policies and institutions in the power sector, noting achievements like increasing generation capacity but also growing financial problems. Distribution companies have accumulated losses of over Rs. 1.1 trillion since 2003, and debt in the sector has grown to Rs. 3.5 trillion, driven by inefficiencies in areas like power procurement and tariff setting. The document concludes by recommending steps to strengthen regulatory governance, corporate governance of state utilities, and planning to help move towards more efficient and effective electricity distribution.
This document provides an overview of the power sector in India. It discusses the key stages in the development of the power sector from before 1956 to the present day. Some of the key points covered include:
- The power sector has gone through different eras including nationalization (1956-1991), liberalization (1991-2003), and the current growth era (2003-present).
- Key policy initiatives and legislation like the Electricity Act 2003 and National Tariff Policy 2006 have promoted private sector participation and competition.
- India has a total installed capacity of 248,509 MW as of 2014, with thermal power making up the largest share at 69%. Renewable energy capacity is also being increased significantly.
IRJET- The Power of Electricity and it’s Problems in IndiaIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses electricity generation and its role in India's economic development. It highlights how all sectors rely on electricity for basic needs and operations.
2) The major sources of electricity in India are described as hydroelectric, thermal using coal and gas, and nuclear. However, problems have arisen due to delays in projects, financial issues of state electricity boards, and high transmission and distribution losses.
3) While generation capacity has increased significantly over time, gaps remain between targets and achievements. Issues like cost recovery and inefficiencies have also contributed to regular power shortages across the country.
Modern Energy Transport - Country Analysis IndiaAdityaDesai77
The document discusses India's modern energy transport and distribution system. It provides statistics on India's installed energy capacity and energy supply from 1947-2018, showing increasing reliance on coal and growth in renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Charts depict rising electricity production, with coal as the dominant source and rapid growth of renewables from 1990-2014. The document outlines India's plans to significantly expand renewable capacity and reduce coal's share by 2027. It describes India's national grid and ongoing upgrades to accommodate increasing electricity demand and integrate more renewable sources.
Carbon finance potential of renewable energy technologies in indiaPallav Purohit
This document discusses carbon finance potential for renewable energy technologies in India. It begins with definitions of carbon finance and what needs to be financed for mitigation and adaptation. It then provides an overview of India's power sector and status of renewable energy. It discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and how it can provide carbon finance for renewable energy projects. It analyzes the potential for various renewable technologies in India to obtain carbon finance, including solar energy technologies like box-type solar cookers, solar lanterns, solar home systems, domestic solar water heating and solar pumps.
State of Art Technologies in Power DistributionIRJET Journal
This document discusses state-of-the-art technologies in power distribution in India. It first provides background on the importance of efficient power distribution and some of the challenges faced. It then outlines various government initiatives to improve distribution, including programs to modernize infrastructure through smart grid technologies. Specific technologies discussed that can help optimize distribution include smart meters, automatic distribution systems, integrated voltage control, and demand optimization through selective load control. The document advocates for replacing aging infrastructure with smart grid systems to improve reliability, efficiency, and management of the electrical network.
Day-4, Dr. Rahul Walalwalkar - Energy Storage 4 RenewablesIPPAI
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar in India and the challenges they pose to integrating with the electric grid. It notes India's goals of 20 GW of solar by 2022 and the need for better forecasting and energy storage to help balance the intermittent nature of these resources. The India Energy Storage Alliance was formed to help capture the growing energy storage market opportunity in India, estimated at 15-20 GW by 2020. It aims to bring international industry players together and help address application challenges through knowledge sharing and exhibitions.
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentationIPPAI
This document provides an overview of India's proposed smart grid vision and roadmap. The vision is to transform India's power sector into a secure, adaptive, sustainable and digitally-enabled system providing reliable energy for all. The roadmap outlines activities over 3 five-year plans from 2012-2027, including reducing transmission losses, augmenting control centers, expanding access and reducing power cuts. Key goals are integrating renewables, developing smart metering infrastructure, establishing microgrids and EV charging stations, and improving energy efficiency. Standards development and stakeholder consultation will help realize this vision of a smart, reliable electricity system for India.
Power generation and supply industry in india an economic analysis of the m...Harsh Shah
The document discusses the power generation and supply industry in India. It covers three key points:
1. The industry has experienced steady growth since 2008 at an average annual rate of 3.96%. Thermal power has grown the most while hydro and nuclear have grown at lower rates.
2. The industry exhibits characteristics of a natural monopoly due to large economies of scale, high fixed costs, and significant barriers to entry. The major players are large state-owned and private companies.
3. For a natural monopoly, average costs decline as output increases. However, without regulation pricing above marginal cost could lead to inefficiencies. The document discusses the need for government tariff regulation in India's power industry.
The document outlines India's efforts to reform its power sector through the UDAY program and achieve 24x7 Power For All. Key points:
1) UDAY aims to permanently resolve issues facing power distribution companies (DISCOMs) by having states take over some of their debt, improving operational efficiency to reduce losses, and enabling periodic tariff increases.
2) Operational efficiency will be improved by reducing Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses through better metering, infrastructure upgrades, and public awareness campaigns against theft.
3) Demand side management programs like LED lighting adoption and efficient agricultural pumps will reduce peak load and energy consumption.
4) Transparency in procurement has led to sharp
The document discusses opportunities for SK Energy to enter the wind power market in China. It analyzes the market size and growth potential of China's wind industry. Government policies strongly support the development of renewable energy like wind power. The wind power market in China is large but development has been uneven across regions. There is potential for SK Energy to partner with players in the industry to take advantage of opportunities in both developed and developing wind power markets in China.
The document discusses India's experience with power procurement through international competitive bidding. It outlines the guiding principles of promoting competition and protecting consumer interests. Case I bidding allows flexibility for developers while Case II bidding specifies project parameters. Early Case I bids saw tariffs around Rs. 2-3/kWh but they have risen to Rs. 4-6/kWh due to fuel supply and cost uncertainties faced by developers over 25-year contracts. Case II bids saw lower initial tariffs of Rs. 1-2.5/kWh but projects like the Tilaiya UMPP face delays from land and clearance issues. Key learnings are a need for mid-term tariff reviews, provisions for uncertainties, and readiness of key
The document discusses the pros and cons of implementing a price cap for electricity in India. It notes that while price caps can prevent supplier market power and price gouging, they can also reduce supply and investment if set too low. International experience shows that price caps are not effective long-term solutions and often trap governments into higher subsidies over time. The document analyzes electricity market data from India and concludes that widespread intervention may not be needed given most power is sold through long-term contracts and exchange prices impact a small percentage of the overall market. Demand response and better regulation of distribution companies are presented as alternatives to consider before implementing a price cap.
The government’s “Power for All” programme is an ambitious plan, which depends a lot on the development of capacity expansion in power supply chain, developing coal resources and logistics and increasing technological interventions.
CII-PwC report titled Round-the-Clock Power Supply: A Key Milestone says that the Indian Power Sector depend upon the availability of power that on other hand depend on two factors—adequate electricity generated and development of supporting infrastructure for the supply of electricity.
A Review of Restructured Power Development and Reform Programme in Indiaijiert bestjournal
The power sector is one of the most important infrastructural aspec ts of the Indian economy. But of late,it has been facing some serious problems such as old worn-out and poor distributi on network leading to frequent outages,skewed tariff structure,huge Transmission & Distribution (T &D) losses largely due to outright theft & unmetered supply,high LT/HT line ratio,overloaded DT/ Lines,lack of accountability at feeder level and in distribution setup of State Electricity Boards (SEBs). Henc e,the Government identified Distribution Reforms as the key area to bring about the efficiency & commerc ial availability into the power sector. The Government took various initiatives in this direction;one of these is the introduction of Accelerated Power Development Programme (APDP) in February,2000. The main objective of thi s programme was to initiate a financial turnaround in the performance of the State owned power sector .
1. India needs a comprehensive National Energy Policy to establish long-term energy targets and mix, and to coordinate policies across sectors like renewable energy and environment.
2. A National Energy Commission should be formed to formulate and implement a national energy action plan, and focus on improving technologies to increase thermal efficiency and reduce pollution from coal.
3. The policy should balance increasing domestic energy production from coal while meeting stringent environmental norms, and consider imported coal's impact on costs. It should also establish realistic targets and support for scaling solar and other renewable energy sources.
ICF ppt India Infrastructure - The road ahead for Power sector 16th May 2016Ashish Singla
The document summarizes a presentation on the road ahead for India's power sector. It discusses key trends like rising electricity demand and declining load factors. It outlines India's commitments under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions intensity and increase non-fossil fuel capacity. The presentation analyzes the Indian power market until 2030 and highlights big game changers like large scale renewable energy additions and their integration challenges. It uses a proprietary modeling tool to address pertinent questions around meeting emission targets while integrating substantial renewable capacity.
India faces significant challenges in providing adequate energy to support its growing population and economy. While energy usage and electricity capacity have increased substantially in recent decades, India still suffers from widespread energy poverty and electricity deficits. Meeting the needs of a population projected to exceed 1.4 billion people by 2020 will require quadrupling energy supplies from 2003-2004 levels. This presents immense technical and financial difficulties, as existing infrastructure struggles to meet current demand, evidenced by regular blackouts and shortages across large parts of the country. Ambitious targets for capacity additions over the next decade will need to be met to avoid severe supply constraints restricting economic growth.
A PROJECT REPORT ON ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF NATIONAL THERMAL PO...Rohit Kumar
This document provides an executive summary of a project report on the analysis of financial statements of National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) in India. The summary discusses India's growing energy demand driven by rapid economic growth and the important role played by NTPC in meeting this demand. It notes NTPC's ambition to add significant new generation capacity by 2030 to support India's economic development. It concludes that urgent policy actions are needed by governments around the world, including India, to curb emissions growth from fossil fuels and transition to more sustainable energy systems.
The document provides an overview of the electricity sector in India. It discusses how electricity is a basic necessity and how India's power sector has evolved over time from regional grids to a single national grid with one frequency. It outlines India's current installed power generation capacity which is dominated by thermal power but also includes increasing renewable sources like solar and wind. The document also discusses India's anticipated load growth in the coming years driven primarily by industries, agriculture, and domestic use. It projects India's peak power demand to nearly double by 2027 requiring continued expansion of generation and transmission infrastructure.
IRJET- Study of Generating Power from Speed Breakers using Rack and Pinion Me...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on generating power from speed breakers using a rack and pinion mechanism. It begins with an abstract that outlines how the kinetic energy from vehicles passing over speed bumps can be converted to electrical energy. The introduction then provides context on energy needs and defines conventional vs renewable energy sources. It describes how the proposed system would work, using the up and down motion of vehicles on speed bumps to drive a generator via a rack and pinion mechanism. The scope section outlines issues with India's current power infrastructure and argues that tapping energy from ubiquitous speed bumps could provide power for streetlights and rural areas.
In the present generation energy plays a vital role in our world and for human life it´s very important factor. There is a methodical meeting taking place regarding the conservation of energy and every time there is a review in the agenda. Energy demand and supply were endeavored by these countries. To rectify these problems, there should be more research in the generation of energy with the greater efficiency and try to use energy in more efficient manner. Solar energy remains as the most prominent source of energy as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly. Reviews convey that solar energy systems will play a major role in the power generations. As per present scenario there is a great importance to the solar energy using photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems exhibit an important role for solar energy production.
India has significant potential for renewable energy from solar, wind, hydro, and biomass.
Currently, 15,326 MW of renewable energy is installed. Coal supplies most electricity but renewable energy accounts for 1/3 of total energy consumption. The government aims to expand renewable energy to meet rising energy demand and address the energy deficit. Policies support solar manufacturing and the National Solar Mission targets 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020. India has excellent solar resources and increasing energy needs, positioning it to become a major solar market.
Vibrant Gujarat - Renewable Energy Sector ProfileVibrant Gujarat
• Promoting open and competitive markets for renewable/sustainable energy power projects.
• Supporting companies and other private sector where there is a gap through a single window clearance.
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Detailed Analysis Of Power Plant Equipments (Power Sector)
1. DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
Detailed Analysis of Power Plant Equipments (Power Sector)
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By
KAMALAKKANNAN G
Section – B
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mentioning the names of the persons who helped to make it
possible. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude in a few words to
all those who helped me in the completion of this project.
I convey my sincere thanks to Prof. R. Sathyanarayanan for
giving this opportunity to have such a detailed study about Power
Sector.
I express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my
friends for giving timely advice in all the aspects for the success of this
project work.
3. CONTENTS
S. No. TITLES Page No.
1 Executive Summery
2 Introduction to Power Sector
3 Power Sector in India
4 Power Sector Impacts on Environment
5 Analysis of Power Sector
Study of Selected Companies
a) BHEL
6 b) GE
c) ALSTOM
7 Conclusion
4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Availability of power is one of the important ingredients for industrial growth. It
is an important infrastructure facility without which no industrial activity can be
thought of in modern times. Increasing automation of Indian industries has created
huge demand of power in India. This huge demand has resulted into demand supply
gap in India in recent times.
This report gives an extensive study of Power Sector. Analysis of the power
sector by PORTER’s Five Force Model and through SWOT analysis gives the
direction of the sector. Environmental impact of the sector is discussed.
The PORTER’s five forces analysis, SWOT analysis are used to analyze the
industry of power sector. The various analyses show that there has been a
continuous growth in generation and consumption of power in India.
World electricity generation rose at an average annual rate of 3.7% from 1971
to 2004, greater than the 2.1% growth in total primary energy supply. Total world
consumption of marketed energy is projected to increase by 50 percent from 2005 to
2030.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 1|P age
5. INTRODUCTION
TO
POWER
SECTOR
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 2|P age
6. The energy required to support our economies and lifestyles provides
tremendous convenience and benefits. Energy consumption is reportedly higher in
countries where less than 5 % of the population lives below the poverty line than it is
in countries where most people live in poverty -- four times higher.
For example, Americans make up less than 5 % of the world’s population yet
consume 26 % of the world’s energy. World electricity generation rose at an average
annual rate of 3.7% from 1971 to 2004, greater than the 2.1% growth in total primary
energy supply. This increase was largely due to more electrical appliances,
development of electrical heating in several developed countries and rural
electrification programmes in developing countries.
De-regulation in areas of the global energy markets has led to fierce competition.
Now more than ever electricity has to be produced at a lower cost with many
countries imposing ever tightening environmental legislation to reduce the impact
power generation has on the environment. The enormous challenges are recognised
in providing electricity as efficiently as possible and strive to develop technology to
meet your needs. Collectively, developing countries use 30% of the world's energy,
but with projected population and economic growth in those markets, energy
demands are expected to rise 95 %. Overall global consumption is expected to rise
50 % from 2005 to 2030.
World energy consumption is projected to expand by 50% from 2005 to 2030 in the
IEO2008 reference case projection. Although high prices for oil and natural gas,
which are expected to continue throughout the period, are likely to slow the growth of
energy demand in the long term, world energy consumption is projected to continue
increasing strongly as a result of robust economic growth and expanding populations
in the world’s developing countries.
Energy demand in the OECD economies is expected to grow slowly over the
projection period, at an average annual rate of 0.7%, whereas energy consumption
in the emerging economies of non-OECD countries is expected to expand by an
average of 2.5 % per year.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 3|P age
7. China and India—the fastest growing non-OECD economies—will be key
contributors to world energy consumption in the future. Over the past decades, their
energy consumption as a share of total world energy use has increased significantly.
In 1980, China and India together accounted for less than 8 % of the world’s total
energy consumption. In 2005 their share had grown to 18 %. Even stronger growth is
projected over the next 25 years, with their combined energy use more than doubling
and their share increasing to one-quarter of world energy consumption in 2030 in the
IEO2008 reference case. In contrast, the U.S. share of total world energy
consumption is projected to contract from 22 % in 2005 to about 17 % in 2030.
Energy consumption in other non-OECD regions also is expected to grow strongly
from 2005 to 2030, with increases of around 60 % projected for the Middle East,
Africa, and Central and South America. A smaller increase, about 36 %, is expected
for non-OECD Europe and Eurasia (including Russia and the other former Soviet
Republics), as substantial gains in energy efficiency result from the replacement of
inefficient Soviet-era capital stock and population growth rates decline.
POWER SECTOR - Current Scenario
2.4% of the overall world energy output
6th largest energy user, comprising about 3.3% of the overall global energy
expenditure per year.
The gross electricity production capability of Indian Power Sector is placed at
around 111 GW.
POWER SECTOR – Scope
Abundant coal reserves (enough to last at least 200 years).
Vast hydroelectric potential (150,000 MW).
Large pool of highly skilled technical personnel.
Impressive power development in absolute terms (comparable in size to those
of Germany and UK).
Enabling framework for private investors.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 4|P age
8. Potentially, one of the largest power markets in the world
POWER SECTOR – Future
Exponential demand growth
Capacity Enhancement
Increased significance of the role of the private players and foreign
investments
New strategies and reforms
Increased significance of renewable sources of energy
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 5|P age
9. POWER
SECTOR
IN
INDIA
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 6|P age
10. The process of electrification commenced in India almost with the developed
world, in the 1880s, with the establishment of a small hydroelectric power station in
Darjeeling. However, commercial production and distribution started in 1889, in
Calcutta (now Kolkata). In the year 1947, the country had a power generating
capacity of 1,362 MW. Generation and distribution of electrical power was carried out
primarily by private utility companies such as Calcutta Electric. Power was available
only in a few urban centers; rural areas and villages did not have electricity. After
1947, all new power generation, transmission and distribution in the rural sector and
the urban centers (which was not served by private utilities) came under the purview
of State and Central government agencies. State Electricity Boards (SEBs)
were formed in all the states.
Legal provisions to support and regulate the sector were put in place through the
Indian Electricity Act, 1910. Shortly after independence, a second Act - The
Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 was formulated, paving the way for establishing
Electricity Boards in the states of the Union.
In 1960s and 70s, enormous impetus was given for the expansion of distribution of
electricity in rural areas. It was thought by policy makers that as the private players
were small and did not have required resources for the massive expansion drive, the
production of power was reserved for the public sector in the Industrial Policy
Resolution of 1956. Since then, almost all new investment in power generation,
transmission and distribution has been made in the public sector. Most of the private
players were bought out by state electricity boards.
From the installed capacity of only 1,362mw in 1947, has increased to 97000 MW as
on March 2000 which has since crossed 100,000 MW mark India has become sixth
largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world equaling the capacities of
UK and France combined. The number of consumers connected to the Indian power
grid exceeds is 75 million.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 7|P age
11. India's power system today with its extensive regional grids maturing in to an
integrated national grid, has millions of kilometres of T & D lines criss-crossing
diverse topography of the country.
However, the achievements of India's power sector growth looks phony on the face
of huge gaps in supply and demand on one side and antediluvian generation and
distribution system on the verge of collapse having plagued by inefficiencies,
mismanagement, political interference and corruption for decades, on the other.
Indian power sector is at the cross road today. A paradigm shift is in escapable- for
better or may be for worse.
World’s Energy Overview
35% of world energy need is supplied by crude oil, 25% by coal & 21% by
gas.
Most of the reserve is concentrated in the Middle-east region.
World Primary Energy Sector growing at 2%
India’s Energy Overview
India is the 5th largest energy consumer
India has vast potential in the Exploration Sector.
54% Coal, 32% Oil, 9% Natural Gas
Indian Primary Energy Sector growing at 5%
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 8|P age
12. World India
Energy Consumption (MTOE) 10224 376
Coal 27% 54%
Oil 37% 32%
Natural gas 24% 8%
Nuclear 6% 1%
Hydro 6% 5%
Oil & Gas Imports (MTOE) 2467 98 (US$ 30 billion)
Total Primary Energy 2.1% 4.8%
Natural Gas 2.6% 6.8%
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 9|P age
13. POWER SECTOR
IMPACTS
ON
THE
ENVIRONMENT
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 10 | P a g e
14. The need for electricity – for productive purposes and for extending home
electrification – far outstrips supply in India.
Electricity generation has several impacts on the environment, depending on the
choice of technologies. While the evaluation of specific power plants would
necessitate the assessment of site and plant-specific issues, in general, one can
consider source-specific local, regional, and global impacts.
LOCAL IMPACTS
Large power sources can affect their surroundings through impacts such as
air pollution, submergence of land and waste accumulation, excessive resource use
and disruption of human activity.
The impacts of coal-based thermal plants are particularly important in a study of
India, as these plants currently provide the largest generating capacity in India, and
about 80% of the actual generation. Electricity generation consumed 67% of India’s
coal use, in 2002; further, India’s coal consumption is projected to grow 2.2%
annually between 2002 and 2025 (EIA, 2005).
Most of the existing thermal power plants in India use the traditional pulverized coal
combustion technology. As a result, they have to contend with gaseous emissions
including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide,
mercury and particulate matter. Coal-burning thermal power plants in India are
responsible for about 40% of the country’s SO2 and 41% of its CO2 in 2000. Coal-
plant emissions far outweigh those from other fossil-fuel plants contributing to acid
rain, and air pollution and the consequent adverse effects on health.
When based on locally mined coal, the associated problems of mining accidents and
land degradation are serious. In some areas, the use of high ash coal results in
disposal problems, although ash does have productive uses such as brick-making.
However, with the alternative fossil-fuel options, oil- and gas-based plants, too,
issues of waste disposal and possible drilling and pipeline accidents have to be
considered. The water use by some thermal plants constitutes a more serious
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 11 | P a g e
15. problem; Indian thermal power plants reportedly use 88% of the country’s industrial
water supply (DTE, 2003). Temperature increases and pollution of receiving water
bodies through inadequately treated effluents have also to be dealt with.
Although based on a clean and renewable source, large hydroelectric plants are not
impact free. Large dams can cause submergence of human settlements and natural
forests, adversely affecting or even destroying people’s livelihoods, particularly
traditional lifestyles, and also terrestrial ecosystems. However, the magnitude of
these impacts varies with the location and the height of the dams constructed.
With nuclear power plants, radiation hazards (not only through accidents), and
disposal of radioactive spent fuel must also be contended with. Thus far, no country
is sure of safe and permanent waste disposal. And, while clean in terms of carbon-
emissions, both ends of the nuclear fuel cycle – uranium mining and nuclear waste –
have harmful environmental impacts, if not very carefully managed.
However, environmental impact costs are not easily quantifiable. Pollution-induced
health impacts are underestimated when economically disadvantaged people do not
obtain medical treatment; similarly, disruption costs of displaced communities could
be inestimable.
REGIONAL IMPACTS
Regional pollution issues, for example the issue of acid rain and sulphur deposition,
have received attention in Northeast Asia. While the magnitude of coal-fired power
plants' contribution may be disputed, particularly during winter and spring, when
dominant high pressure systems sweep accumulated pollutants off the landmass
toward the eastern ocean mass.
GLOBAL IMPACTS
The Indian power sectors contribute about 52% of the carbon emissions in the
country. Due to the magnitude of its electricity generation, China’s total carbon
emissions are over three times those from India and even on a per capita basis are
over 2½ times. However, as emissions per capita are low by international standards
(EIA, 2003), and developing countries are not required to adopt greenhouse gas
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 12 | P a g e
16. (GHG) reduction targets under the Kyoto protocol (in effect from February 16, 2005),
global issues currently remain less important than local impacts.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 13 | P a g e
17. ANALYSIS
OF
POWER
SECTOR
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 14 | P a g e
18. PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL:
The model of pure competition implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should
be constant across firms and industries. However, numerous economic studies have
affirmed that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability; part of this
difference is explained by industry structure.
Porter’s model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet
the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially,
competitive strategy should base on and understanding of industry structures and
the way they change.
Supply
Many projects have been planned but due to slow regulatory environment, the
supply is far lesser than demand. Currently, India needs to double its generation.
Many projects have been planned but due to slow regulatory environment, the
supply is far lesser than demand. Currently, India needs to double its generation
capacity to meet the potential demand.
Demand
The long-term average demand growth rate is 6%.
Barriers to Entry
Barriers to entry are high, as entering this business requires heavy investment
initially. The other barriers are fuel linkages, payment guarantees from State
Governments, Retail distribution licensed, etc.
Bargaining Power to Suppliers
Not very high as Government controls tariff structure. However, this may change the
future.
Bargaining Power of Customers
Bargaining power of retail customers is low, as power is in short supply. However,
Government is a big buyer and payment by Government can be more erratic.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 15 | P a g e
19. Competition
Not high currently. The Electricity Act, 2003 will encourage investments, thereby
increasing competition.
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF POWER SECTOR:
Well established and vast transmission and distribution network.
Highly qualified engineering and technical personnel.
Regulatory framework is further facilitated with enactment of Electricity Bill,
2003.
The Electricity Bill, 2003 holds promises for the power sector and certainly for
the consumer by way of competition reliability and rationalized tariff structure.
Emergence of strong and globally comparable central utilities (NTPC,
POWERGRID).
India has substantial non-conventional energy resource base and
technologies to meet growing power requirements by tapping this energy.
WEAKNESSES AND THREATS TO POWER SECTOR:
Poor infrastructure has led to heavy T&D losses. Old and poor transmission
and distribution network has led to frequent power outages and poor quality of
power
Lack of proper metering and theft has led to large scale losses. Only 51% of
the power generated is billed and only 41% is realized
Moreover, Government provides power to agricultural sector at subsidized
rates and also free of cost in some states. All these factors have resulted in
financial disorder of the State Electricity Boards (SEBs).
Restoration of SEBs financial health and improvement in their operating
performance continues to be a critical issue. The Government of India has
signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with various states reflecting
the joint commitment of centre and states to undertake reforms in a time
bound manner
Poor return to utilities, which affect their profitability and capacity to make
further investments
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 16 | P a g e
20. Increasing gap between unit cost of supply & revenue, approximately Rs 1.10/
unit
Managerial and financial inefficiencies in state sector utilities have adversely
affected capacity addition and systems improvement
Non-availability of quality coal may hamper thermal plants’ efficiency in power
generation
Inability of SEBs to raise funds, as most of the SEBs is on the verge of
bankruptcy due to poor operational performance. Adding to the problems,
SEBs need huge money to measure up competition from efficient private
players
The major risk of privatizing a critical sector like power is the precedence of
commercial over public interest. Some of these interests that will take a back
seat include development of environment friendly generation and provision of
electricity for rural areas. The new Electricity Act does not provide any specific
financial incentives for private players to address public issues
The SBEs which are right now holding 60% of total installed capacity, will be
hit adversely by some provisions of the new electricity act such as delicensing
of generation and open access for IPPs and CPPs, there by such units will
take away the most lucrative customers (like industrial and commercial users)
from the SEBs. This will not only affect SEB’s but also the entire power sector
for near term.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 17 | P a g e
21. STUDY
OF
SELECTED
COMPANIES
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 18 | P a g e
22. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) was set up in 1959 by the
Government of India with the objective of creating indigenous manufacturing base for
power plant equipments. Today, BHEL is the 12th largest company in the world in
Power Plant Equipments manufacturing and the largest in India. The company has
the ability to manufacture the entire range of power plant equipment and has one of
the largest capacities of power plant equipment in the world. This enables the
company to bid for large power projects. BHEL's cost-competitiveness vis-a-vis
international competition in the power sector can be attributed to the factors like fully
depreciated manufacturing facilities, lower labour and freight costs and economies of
scale. Apart from being the lowest cost producer, BHEL also possesses the
infrastructure that can supply power equipment for 4,000 MW of generating capacity
annually.
The company operates through 14 plants and 9 service centers. The major
inhibiting factor for the growth of BHEL in the past has been lack of access to large
fund base. The company is a candidate for disinvestment as the Central Government
has decided to offload atleast 20% of its stake towards a strategic partner. This could
help the company in the long run as the strategic partnership could bring in benefits
like access to new technologies and capital.
The business of BHEL is focused essentially on two broad segments, viz.
Power Equipment, accounting for 60% of revenue, and, Industrial Equipment, and
accounting for the rest. Earlier the company was focused on the Power Equipment
only. However, in order to reduce the dependence on power utility providers (SEBs),
the company widened its focus area and hence product base. BHEL is now
manufacturing equipments for industrial users, railways and several other industries
including telecommunications, metallurgical and process industry.
BHEL's forte is coal-based Thermal Power Plants. BHEL's products, services
and projects are exported to over 52 countries including United States and New
Zealand. BHEL's market share in the coal-based thermal power plant segment is
75%, 65% in nuclear-based thermal plants, 50% in hydro-based thermal power
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 19 | P a g e
23. plants. However, in the emerging gas-based combined cycle thermal plants, which
have short gestation period, the company has a relatively low market share of just
18%. BHEL also provides services of erecting plants and executing projects on a
turnkey basis. The cumulative capacity of power generating equipment supplied by
BHEL outside India is over 3000 MW.
Power Sector Products:
THERMAL POWER PLANTS GAS BASED POWER PLANTS HYDRO POWER PLANTS
DG POWER PLANTS INDUSTRIAL SETS BOILERS
HEAT EXCHANGERS AND
BOILER AUXILIARIES PUMPS
PRESSURE VESSELS
POWER STATION CONTROL
BUS DUCTS SWITCHGEAR
EQUIPMENT
COMPRESSORS SILICON RECTIFIERS CONTROL GEAR
OIL FIELD EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT POWER DEVICES
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL
THYRISTOR EQUIPMENT ENERGY METERS
MACHINES
CAPACITORS SYSTEMS AND SERVICES AVIATION
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
TELECOMMUNICATION SEAMLESS STEEL TUBES
SYSTEMS
CASTINGS AND FORGINGS INSULATORS TRANSFORMERS
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 20 | P a g e
24. 5 Forces Model
Rivalry among competitors
o ALSTOM, Mitsubishi
o Creating competitive advantages to gain bigger market share
Acquisitions, mergers and joint-ventures in other countries
Technological Improvements
Potential of New Entrants
o BGR Energy (1985)
o Competitive Price
o Many orders are captured in recent times
o Existing tactic in the market will not help in the current scenario
Suppliers
o Materials, parts, components, other resources
o Suppliers are well diversified across the globe
o Prompt delivery by Suppliers are ensured by BHEL
Substitutes
o Has many substitutes that might pose a threat
o Has less diversification with sectors, so that concentrated focusing on
the respective sector avoids chance of getting substituted
o Eg. Power Sector Equipments, Industry Equipments
o Has a order book worth thousands of crores
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 21 | P a g e
25. Buyers
o Wide Customer base in India and in all parts of the world
o With excellent customer satisfaction the order are booked for the next
two years (Information from the employee)
SWOT Analysis:
Strengths:
The company has 180 products under 30 major product groups that cater to
the needs of the core sector like power, industry, transmission, transportation,
defence, telecommunications and oil business.
BHEL's ability to acquire modern technology and make it suitable to Indian
conditions has been an exceptional strength of the company.
Strong relationship with NTPC is the strength, as NTPC is planning a capacity
expansion of Rs. 52 bn and based on the past, 85% of NTPC projects have
been bagged by BHEL. The company also enjoys purchase price preference.
Weaknesses:
PSU status is a big weakness for BHEL as it is subject to their rules and
regulations and is forced to carry a huge amount of labor force, which it is not
able to retrench.
The company offers very stringent credit facilities to the customers and this is
a weakness when compared in the face of rising competition. On the other
hand their customers in the power segment, SEBs, have a huge amount of
receivables standing against their name in the company's balance sheet. This
is a major weakness for the company.
The company is vertically integrated, which could have been avoided by
outsourcing its components for power generation and transmission. This could
have reduced the cost.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 22 | P a g e
26. Opportunities:
The power sector reforms are expected to pick up in the near future in India,
which would directly benefit BHEL.
Increase in defence budget will increase the topline for the company.
NTPC is planning additional capacities to the tune of 2,800 MW, at a cost of
Rs 52 bn. BHEL could benefit a lot as it has happened in the past that
significant portion of the project of NTPC is handled by BHEL. Nearly 85% of
the NTPC projects were assigned to BHEL only.
The business of modernization and renovations of power plants is expected to
grow in India.
The disinvestment plans of the government would bring in new resources and
experience into the company.
Joint Venture with Siemens in the name of Powerplant Performance
Improvement Ltd. (PPIL), is a major strength for the company. This tie-up will
be beneficial as there is a lot of scope for business. During FY00 the PPIL
received orders worth Rs. 320 crore.
Threats:
The global trend of consolidation has already resulted in a fall in turnover of
the company and this will prove to be a major threat in the years to come as
well.
The company is dependent on NTPC to a great extent.
Recently, the government has permitted the import of second hand capital
goods that are 10 years old without the need for a license. This move will
definitely increase competitive pressures for BHEL.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 23 | P a g e
27. GENERAL ELECTRIC
Introduction:
It all started with the flicker of a light bulb and soon enough GE was off and
running…
o In 1890, Thomas Alva Edison established the Edison General Electric
Company in Menlo Park, New Jersey
o At the same time Charles A. Coffin was growing his business, The
Thompson Company
o It was increasingly difficult for Edison and Coffin to remain competitive
based their own technologies
Headquarters
o Fairfield, Connecticut
Number of Employees
o Over 315,000
Locations
o Over 160 Countries
Symbol on Stock Exchange
o GE
Number of Shareholders
o 4 Million
GE is imagination at work- - a diversified technology, media, and financial
services company focused on solving some of the world’s toughest problems. With
products and services ranging from aircraft engineering, power generation, water
processing and security technology to medical imaging, business and consumer
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 24 | P a g e
28. financing, media content and advance materials, GE serves customers in more than
100 countries and employs more than 3,00,000 people worldwide.
GE is focused on growth and is committed to achieving worldwide
leadership in each of its business. The company is organized into six market focused
group. GE infrastructure, GE commercial financial services, GE industrial, NBC
universal, GE health care and GE consumer finance. This structure is aimed at
expanding the company’s growth capability and positioning the company for
sustained growth.
Commitment:
GE is committed to serving the communities where we do business, providing our
customers with innovative, high-quality products and services and protecting the
health of our workers and our environment.
Integrity
GE’s reputation for honest and reliable business conduct, built by so many people
over so many decades, is tested and proved in each business transaction they
make.
Environment, Health & Safety
They are committed to keeping our workers safe on the job and ensuring compliance
with environmental regulations.
Quality
GE employees embrace Six Sigma's customer-focused, data-driven philosophy and
apply it to everything they do.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 25 | P a g e
29. GE in POWER SECTOR:
GE energy business supplies a full spectrum of power plant solution, ranging
from fossil fuel technology to renewable energy, to suit customer specific
requirements. Offering includes equipment-only packages, engineered packages or
total turnkey projects. GE technology gas and steam turbine, hydro turbine, wind
turbine and nuclear units account for more than 10% of India’s power generation
installed capacity. With more than 200 customers in the Indian subcontinent, GE’s
energy business also offers an array of transmission and distribution product and
services, as well as condition monitoring products and services, optimization
services, energy rentals, aero derivative technology, wind energy, gas fuelled
reciprocating engines, hydro power, solar technologies and nuclear energy
GE is Organized along 11 Businesses
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 26 | P a g e
30. 5 Forces Model
Rivalry among competitors
o ALSTOM and Siemens, in particular
o Creating competitive advantages to gain bigger market share
Acquisitions, mergers and joint-ventures
Battle for innovation and technological improvements
Potential of New Entrants
o Adaptac (1981) and Adept Technology (1983)
o Late bloomers, but slowly gaining market share
o Does not pose too much of a threat to GE, ALSTOM or Siemens for
now
o Tough for new entrants to pinch a sizable chunk of market share from
GE, ALSTOM or Siemens
Suppliers
o Materials, parts, components, other resources
o Vertically integrated (GE Advanced Plastics, GE Consumer and
Industrial Manufacturing)
o Has to be aware of suppliers that might integrate forward
Substitutes
o Has many substitutes that might pose a threat
o Very well-diversified which means that GE is spreading the risk of
failure in every market
o Eg. GE’s NBC-Universal’s substitute are pirated VCD’s or DVD’s
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 27 | P a g e
31. Buyers
o Similar to its substitutes, GE has a broad line of buyers, ranging from
consumers to large corporations
o Eg. GE Healthcare’s buyers are hospitals and pharmacies.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
o Global strength and recognition
5th in Fortune 500 list, operating in more than 160 countries
o Excellent management
Proven leadership and business model
Confident investors – raising capital
o Diverse product range
Long Term (GE Aircraft engines)
Short Term (GE Lighting, Plastics, NBC)
Financial Services (contributes to 40% of GE’s revenue)
Spreading the risk of failure in every market and not just one
o Better service
o Better technology
Weaknesses
o Company size/ acquisition restriction
Eg. GE’s planned acquisition of Honeywell International
specializing in aerospace products, was rejected by the EU
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 28 | P a g e
32. o Energy Segment
Underperforming, no signs of near future recovery
o Flexibility
Large and diverse businesses might overstretch the company
and reduce reaction times to shifts in targeted markets
o Higher prices
Opportunities
o Research and Development
Immense capital allows GE to contribute a lot to R&D for product
development and improvement
o Increased geographic growth
Global expansion = more opportunities (Eg. China)
o Merger between NBC and Vivendi
Further opportunities in the media business
o Improved customer services
Adopted a new customer focus initiative
Threats
o Exposure to global economy
Economy slowdown would affect GE, since 40% of the revenue
is generated overseas
Exposed to currency fluctuations
o Intense scrutiny after Enron
More transparency and disclosure; skeptical investors
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 29 | P a g e
33. Public image of all large companies suffered
o Competition
Constant change in technology heats up competition
Very diverse:- tough to be the best in all industry
o Changing market trends & Demand
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 30 | P a g e
34. ALSTOM
Alstom is a large French multinational conglomerate which holds interests in
the power generation and transport markets. According to the company website, in
the years 2007-'08 Alstom had annual sales of over €16.9 billion, and employed
more than 81,500 people in 70 countries. Alstom's headquarters are located
in Levallois-Perret, near Paris. Its current CEO is Patrick Kron.
Alstom is a world leader in hydroelectric power generation; in conventional
islands for nuclear power plants; and in environmental control systems. It is also a
producer of very high speed trains and of high speed trains, being the manufacturer
of the AGV, TGV, and Eurostar series, as well as of Citadis trams. Alstom is also
present in the urban transport market, and is behind regional train models, signalling
infrastructure equipment, and a number of associated services.
POWER GENERATION
Alstom power activities include the design, manufacturing, services and supply of
products and systems for the power generation sector and industrial markets. The
group covers all energy sources - gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, wind. Alstom supplies
and maintains all components of a power plant and provides complete turnkey
solutions. During the financial year 2007/08, Alstom Power sales amounted to 11.4
billion euros.
Products
Boilers
Steam turbines, gas turbines
Turbo generators and generators
Air quality control systems
Monitoring and control systems for power plants
Turnkey solutions
Gas-fired power plants
Coal-fired (steam) power plants
Conventional islands for nuclear power plants
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 31 | P a g e
35. Hydroelectric power plants
Wind farms
Services
Product retrofitting
Maintenance and services
Refurbishment of existing plants
FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS
Strengths
• Strong parental support gives ALSTOM a clear edge in integrated power and
hydroelectric projects.
• Strong order backlog (Rs30 bn+, >2.4XFY07 revenues) imparts earnings visibility.
• Strong references in India provide a definite advantage to ALSTOM for future
projects.
• ALSTOM is one of the few players to execute hi-end power projects in India.
Weaknesses
• ALSTOM has a longer execution cycle (Hydro projects >5 years, gas projects 2-
2.5 yrs & steam > 4 years)
• ALSTOM’s hydro projects carry various risks including on environmental issues
over which ALSTOM has no control.
• ALSTOM operates in a cyclical industry where business volumes are dependent
upon government plans.
Opportunities
• 11th & 12th Plans comprise 72%+ (coal & lignite) capacity addition in 660/800 Mw
unit size.
• Huge capex in generation (11th plan envisages 157% more than what was
achieved in the 10th plan).
Threats
• Competition with the likes of BHEL remains a key threat for ALSTOM.
• Problems with fuel (like gas) could lead to cancellation / delays in planned projects.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 32 | P a g e
36. Porter’s Five Force analysis
The Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
The number of players in the power sector it comes to providing fully
integrated service are few but the intensity of competitive rivalry can be termed as
medium as there is sufficient scope available in the industry for all the existing
players.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
As the requirement of equipments are growing exponentially, the supply of
Power Equipments can be met by Importing or from the domestic suppliers. So the
bargaining power of the Supplier is medium enough to tackle in the current scenario.
Bargaining Power of Buyers
In today’s world customer is the king. The power sector has to be developed
at a much rapid pace to cope up with the development activities which are in
progress. So that the bargaining power of the Buyer is more when compared to other
sectors.
The Threat of Substitute Product
As renewable power generation for the world the threat of substitute product
is low. Wind power projects are also the most preferred bearing in mind the large
coastline, which we posses.
The Threat of New Entrants
As the power sector are highly capital intensive and involves large amount of
commitment in terms of capital , assets and work- force the threat of new entrants is
low . As only those organizations which have the required capabilities and are willing
to take the risk of entering a sector which can be seen as still developing will enter
the market. New entrants such as BGR Energy Systems pose threat to their Indian
Operations.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 33 | P a g e
37. CONCLUSION:
India possesses a vast opportunity to grow in the field of power generation,
transmission, and distribution. The target of over 150,000 MW of Hydel power
generation is yet to be achieved. By the year 2012, India requires an additional
100,000 MW of generation capacity.
A huge capital investment is required to meet this target. This has welcomed
numerous power generation, transmission, and distribution companies across the
globe to establish their operations in the country under the famous PPP (public-
private partnership) programmes.
The power sector is still experiencing a large demand-supply gap. This has
called for an effective consideration of some of strategic initiatives. There are strong
opportunities in transmission network ventures - additional 60,000 circuit kilometres
of transmission network is expected by 2012 with a total investment opportunity of
about US$ 200 billion.
POWER SECTOR ANALYSIS 34 | P a g e