Abstract In this paper DSP (0, 1) sampling plans for truncated life tests are developed using minimum angle method, when the life time of the items follows some selected distributions. The design parameters of the sampling plan are determined for pre-determined acceptance number by satisfying two risks at the specified quality levels simultaneously. The tables of design parameters are provided for various test termination time and mean ratio for some selected distributions. The operating characteristic values are also provided in the table. Some comparisons are made among the selected distributions. The results are explained with examples. Keywords: Probability of acceptance, Rayleigh distribution, generalized exponential distribution, Weibull distribution, Gamma distribution, Producer’s risk, Consumer’s risk, Minimum angle method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In the Pharmaceutical, We can get accurate result of the whole population or Whole Batch only and only if Our Sampling Method is perfect and Accurate.
Sampling is also one of the IMP technique for the Statistical calculations.
Pharmaceutical Sampling Strategy, Compliance and Future TrendsExL Pharma
With increased use and scrutiny of drug samples by pharmaceutical industry, this presentation outlines some current updates, compliance issues and future trends. An effective drug sampling program can really make an impact on a pharmaceutical company brand and lead to increased patient starts.
This was a presentation that was carried out in our research method class by our group. It will be useful for PHD and master students quantitative and qualitative method. It consist sample definition, purpose of sampling, stages in the selection of a sample, types of sampling in quantitative researches, types of sampling in qualitative researches, and ethical Considerations in Data Collection.
Distance protection of hvdc transmission line with novel fault location techn...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Special Double Sampling Plan for truncated life tests based on the Marshall-O...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Numerical modeling to evaluate pile head deflection under the lateral loadeSAT Journals
Abstract The complex behavior of pile head deflection under the lateral load can be studied using various analytical methods and the softwares. Often the lateral pile load testing is carried out in the field to confirm the calculated lateral pile capacity. However, even with the use of sophisticated latest softwares, the accurate deflection of pile head cannot be estimated. Hence an attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the pile head deflection using the field load-deflection data and the corresponding soil and pile properties. A preliminary mathematical model has been developed using a technique of dimensional analysis (DA) to evaluate pile head deflection under different pile diameters, different pile materials and varying soil conditions. The estimated pile head deflection using DA equation is compared with 14nos. of measured lateral pile load test results conducted at the site. It can be observed from this study that, the dimensional analysis can be used effectively to estimate the pile head deflection. More variables based on more field results can be introduced in the mathematical model to increase the accuracy in the estimation of pile head deflection. Keywords: Pile head deflection, Lateral pile load, Dimensional analysis
In the Pharmaceutical, We can get accurate result of the whole population or Whole Batch only and only if Our Sampling Method is perfect and Accurate.
Sampling is also one of the IMP technique for the Statistical calculations.
Pharmaceutical Sampling Strategy, Compliance and Future TrendsExL Pharma
With increased use and scrutiny of drug samples by pharmaceutical industry, this presentation outlines some current updates, compliance issues and future trends. An effective drug sampling program can really make an impact on a pharmaceutical company brand and lead to increased patient starts.
This was a presentation that was carried out in our research method class by our group. It will be useful for PHD and master students quantitative and qualitative method. It consist sample definition, purpose of sampling, stages in the selection of a sample, types of sampling in quantitative researches, types of sampling in qualitative researches, and ethical Considerations in Data Collection.
Distance protection of hvdc transmission line with novel fault location techn...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Special Double Sampling Plan for truncated life tests based on the Marshall-O...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Numerical modeling to evaluate pile head deflection under the lateral loadeSAT Journals
Abstract The complex behavior of pile head deflection under the lateral load can be studied using various analytical methods and the softwares. Often the lateral pile load testing is carried out in the field to confirm the calculated lateral pile capacity. However, even with the use of sophisticated latest softwares, the accurate deflection of pile head cannot be estimated. Hence an attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the pile head deflection using the field load-deflection data and the corresponding soil and pile properties. A preliminary mathematical model has been developed using a technique of dimensional analysis (DA) to evaluate pile head deflection under different pile diameters, different pile materials and varying soil conditions. The estimated pile head deflection using DA equation is compared with 14nos. of measured lateral pile load test results conducted at the site. It can be observed from this study that, the dimensional analysis can be used effectively to estimate the pile head deflection. More variables based on more field results can be introduced in the mathematical model to increase the accuracy in the estimation of pile head deflection. Keywords: Pile head deflection, Lateral pile load, Dimensional analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Multiple imputation for hydrological missing data by using a regression metho...eSAT Journals
Abstract Rainfall amounts and water surface elevation are considered as one of the most important climatic parameters. Because these two parameters will have a direct impact on water resources management decisions such as meet the water needs and prevent flooding. But in some cases, for some reason all time series data are not fully recorded. To fill the gaps in the data, several interpolation methods currently used. One of these methods is regression analysis as a statistical method. By using regression, we can determine the mathematical relationship coefficients between inputs and outputs. By achieving the equation, we can obtain the unknown quantities. In this research, the daily data between 2005 to 2015 for 5 Rain-gauge stations and 3 elevation measurement of water surface stations in the Klang River Basin were used. The main goal was to find the missing value of the water level in the mentioned three stations by rainfall and water level data. To evaluate the obtained results, Multiple R, R2, and Standard Error were used. The results indicate that the standard error in normalized data was less than the regular data. Multiple r values for the Klang at Taman Sri Muda1, Klang at Jam, Sulaiman, WP and Klang at Emp Genting Klang, WP are 0.35, 0.42 and 0.28, respectively. Keywords: Filling gaps, Interpolation, Data mining, Statistical method, Rainfall, Water level
Estimation of land surface temperature of dindigul district using landsat 8 dataeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Quantitative Analysis for Emperical ResearchAmit Kamble
Overview for Approach Methods for quantitative analysis; which includes
1) Planning of Experiments
2) Data Generation
3) presentation of report
some numerical approach methods; data modeling; hypothesis methods
Normalization Cross Correlation Value of Rotational Attack on Digital Image W...Komal Goyal
Volume-3, Issue-8, and Publishes on August 2014 of IJRET
(International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology) eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308, Impact Factor (by ISRA): 1.962
A mathematical model for determining the optimal size of a reserve resource p...eSAT Journals
Abstract For uninterrupted service/operation, a main work force is employed when the workforce is inadequate during peak hours; a reserve of resource pool has to be maintained, to fulfill the necessity. In many cases, the optimal work force in the reserve pool is laborious to determine or may be an approximate figure. To find the optimal manpower/resource pool, a mathematical model using Steady state probability is coined for uninterrupted service. The model may be used for different other requirements like sourcing goods/materials from suppliers, and to determine the optimal capacity of the in-house facility. Keywords: Optimal manpower in Reserve pool, Steady state probability
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Multiple Dependent State Repetitive Sampling(MDSRS) plan is a combination of
Multiple deferred state sampling plan as well as repetitive sampling plan.This paper
deals with multiple dependent repetitive state sampling plan for certain attribute
control chart with respect to Poisson, gamma Poisson, fuzzy Poisson andfuzzy
Binomial distributions. The average run length for various distributions in MDSRS
are tabulated. Graphical illustrations are also made. The average run lengths are
compared for smaller shifts in the process using control charts for different parameter
values. The proposed method will be much useful in industry during monitoring of
manufacturing process. An example of earthquake data set from UCI respiratory is
considered and the average run length is computed based on fuzzy Poisson
distribution.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract Convolutional encoding is a Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique used in continuous one-way and real time communication links. Wireless devices such as hand phones and broadband modems rely heavily on forward error correction techniques for their proper functioning, thus sending and receiving information with minimal or no error, while utilizing the available bandwidth. Major requirements for modern digital wireless communication systems include high throughput, low power consumption and physical size. This paper presents the simulation of convolutional encoder using MATLAB. The performance and analysis has done by changing rates of convolutional encoder and error of binary symmetric channel. Keywords: Constraint Length, Convolutional Encoder, Data rates, Generator polynomials, Poly2trellis structure.
An Improved Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for Disassem...IJRESJOURNAL
With the development of productivity and the fast growth of the economy, environmental pollution, resource utilization and low product recovery rate have emerged subsequently, so more and more attention has been paid to the recycling and reuse of products. However, since the complexity of disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) increases with the number of parts in the product, finding the optimal balance is computationally intensive. In order to improve the computational ability of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in solving DLBP, this paper proposed an improved adaptive multi-objective particle swarm optimization (IAMOPSO) algorithm. Firstly, the evolution factor parameter is introduced to judge the state of evolution using the idea of fuzzy classification and then the feedback information from evolutionary environment is served in adjusting inertia weight, acceleration coefficients dynamically. Finally, a dimensional learning strategy based on information entropy is used in which each learning object is uncertain. The results from testing in using series of instances with different size verify the effect of proposed algorithm.
Similar to Desinging dsp (0, 1) acceptance sampling plans based on truncated life tests under various distributions using minimum angle method (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Desinging dsp (0, 1) acceptance sampling plans based on truncated life tests under various distributions using minimum angle method
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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DESINGING DSP (0, 1) ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING PLANS BASED ON
TRUNCATED LIFE TESTS UNDER VARIOUS DISTRIBUTIONS USING
MINIMUM ANGLE METHOD
A. R. Sudamani Ramaswamy1
, R. Sutharani2
1
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Avinashilingam University, Coimbatore – 641043(T.N), India
2
Assistant professor, Department of Mathematics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641014(T.N), India.
Abstract
In this paper DSP (0, 1) sampling plans for truncated life tests are developed using minimum angle method, when the life time of the
items follows some selected distributions. The design parameters of the sampling plan are determined for pre-determined acceptance
number by satisfying two risks at the specified quality levels simultaneously. The tables of design parameters are provided for various
test termination time and mean ratio for some selected distributions. The operating characteristic values are also provided in the
table. Some comparisons are made among the selected distributions. The results are explained with examples.
Keywords: Probability of acceptance, Rayleigh distribution, generalized exponential distribution, Weibull distribution,
Gamma distribution, Producer’s risk, Consumer’s risk, Minimum angle method.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Acceptance sampling is a inspecting procedure applied in
statistical quality control. Acceptance sampling is a part of
operations management and service quality maintenance. It is
important for industrial, but also for business purposes helping
the decision - making process for the purpose of quality
management. In a time- truncated sampling plan, a random
sample is selected from a lot of products and put on the test
where the number of failures is recorded until the pre –
specified time. If the number of failures observed is not
greater than the specified acceptance number, then the lot will
be accepted. Two risks are always attached to an acceptance
sampling. The probability of rejecting the good lot is known as
the type – 1 error (producer’s risk) and it is denoted by α. The
probability of accepting the bad lot is known as the type – 2
error (consumer’s risk) and it is denoted by β. An acceptance
sampling plan should be designed so that both risks are
smaller than the required values. An acceptance sampling plan
involves quality contracting on product orders between the
producer’s risk and consumer’s risk. In many practical
situations, an important quality characteristic is the lifetime of
the product that is, the time over which it fulfills its task.
Sampling plans to determine acceptability of a product based
on the number of failures recorded until the pre-specified time
are called time-truncated sampling plans.
The life tests are discussed by many authors [1] Goode and
Kao (1961). Gupta and Groll. [2] Balklizi (2003), [3] Balklizi
and EI Masri (2004). [4] Rosaiah and Kantam (2005) and [5]
Tsai, Tzong and Shuo (2006). Mohammad Aslam [6] have
designed double acceptance sampling plan based on truncated
life tests in various distribution. Srinivasa Rao [8] have
designed double acceptance sampling plan based on truncated
life tests for the Marshall – Olkin extended exponential
distribution.
The intent of this paper is to design DSP (0,1) sampling plans
for truncated life tests using minimum angle method, when
life times of the items follows various distribution.
For designing any sampling inspection plan it is usual practice
to select the plan parameters based on the operating
characteristic (OC) curve with desired discrimination such that
the operating characteristic curve passes through the points
with acceptable quality level α ≤ 0.05 and limiting quality
level β≤0.10. Cameron (1952) has used the operating ratio to
design the single sampling plan and constructed tables for easy
selection of the plan parameters with Poisson model, which is
widely, used measure of discrimination to fix the OC curve.
From Cameron table one can observe a jump between the
operating ratios of c = 0 and c = 1 and slow reduction of
operating ratios for other values of c .It may also be seen that
, in between the OC curves of c = 0, and c = 1 plans , there is
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vast gap to be filled which leads one to access the possibility
of designing plans having OC curves lying between the OC
curves of c = 0, and c = 1 plans . To overcome such
situation, Craig (1981) has proposed double sampling plan
with acceptance number 0 and 1 and rejection number 2.
Dodge and Romig (1959) have studied the use of DSP – (0, 1)
plan to product characteristics involving costly and destructive
testing.
1.1. Operating Procedure of Double Sampling Plan of
the Type DSP (0, 1)
According to Hald (1981), the operating procedure for DSP (0,
1) is as follows:
(i) From a lot, select a sample size n1, and observe
the number of defectives d1.
(ii) If d1 = 0, accept the lot.
If d1 > 1, reject the lot.
(iii) If d1 = 1, select a second sample of size n2 and
observe d2.
If d2 = 0, accept the lot. Otherwise reject the lot..
1.1.1 Operating Procedure of Double Sampling Plan
of the Type DSP (0, 1) for Life Tests
(i) From a lot, select a sample size n1 , and observe
the number of defectives d1 ,during the time t0.
(ii) If d1 = 0, accept the lot.
If d1 > 1, reject the lot.
(iii) If d1 = 1, select a second sample of size n2 and
observe d2 during the time t0..
If d2 = 0, accept the lot. Otherwise reject the lot..
1.2 PROPERTIES
1. Fixing n1 = n and n2 = kn (k>0), the OC function of
DSP – (0, 1) plan is identical to the OC function of
ChSP – 1 plan.
2. When k = 0 and k = ∞, the OC function of DSP – (0,
1) plan reduces to the OC functions of single sampling
plans with c = 0 and c = 1 respectively.
3. The OC curves of DSP – (0, 1) plans are lying
between those of c = 0 and c = 1 single sampling
plans.
The following is the operating procedure for DSP(0,1) for life
test in the form of a flow chart.
FLOWCHART
Draw the first sample of size n1= n
Count the number
of defectives d1 during time t0
d1 = 0 d1 = 1 d1 > 1
Accept the lot Draw the second Reject the lot
sample of size n2=kn
Count the number of defectives d2 during the time t0
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2
2
1
1),(
t
etF
d2 = 0 d2 > 1
Accept the lot Reject the lot
The DSP (0, 1) is composed of parameters n1 and n2 if t0 is
specified. Let λ be the unknown average life and λ0 be the
specified average life. A lot is considered to be good if the true
unknown average life is more than the specified average life.
In this paper we have applied Rayleigh, Generalised
exponential, Weibull and Gamma distribution to design DSP
(0, 1) plan for life test.We assume that the lot size is large
enough to use the binomial distribution to find the probability
of acceptance of the lot. Then the probability of acceptance for
DSP (0, 1) is given by
P (A) = P (no failure occur in sample 1) + P (1 failure occur in
sample 1 and 0 failure occur in sample 2). Under
the conditions for application of binomial model for the OC
function of DSP – (0, 1) or the probability of acceptance DSP
(0,1) is given by,
L (p) = + n1 p
The usual practice is to choose the second sample size equals
to some constant (k) multiple of first sample size which
facilitates sample administration of the DSP(0,1) sampling
plan.
Taking n1 = n and n2 = kn we get
L (p) = + np
(1)
The failure probability of an item by time t0 is given by
P = F (t0, λ)
2. RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION:
The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) is given as,
(2)
Where, is the scale parameter
3. GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL
DISTRIBUTION
The cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the exponential
distribution is given by
F (t, ) = (3)
Where is the scale parameter and α is the shape parameter
and it is equal to 2
4. WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION:
The cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the weibull
distribution is given by
F ( t, ) = 1 - (4)
Where is the scale parameter and m is the shape parameter
and it is equal to 2
5. GAMMA DISTRIBUTION:
The cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the exponential
distribution is given by
!/1),(
1
0
j
jt
j
t
etF (5)
Where is the scale parameter and is the shape parameter
and it is equal to 2
The probability of acceptance can be regarded as a
function of the deviation of the unknown average life λ0
from its specified average life λ. By fixing the time
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termination ratio t/λ0 as 0.628, 0.942, 1.257, 2.356, 3.141,
3.927, 4.712 and the mean ratios λ/λ0 = 4,6,8,10 and 12 ,
producers risk α ≤ 0.05 and consumers risk β ≤ 0.10 one can
find the parameters.
6. NOTATION
n - Sample size
c - Acceptance number
t0 - Termination time
α - Producer's risk
β - Consumer’s risk
P - Failure probability
L (p) - Probability of acceptance
λ - Mean life
λ0 - Specified life
θ - Minimum angle
d - Number of defectives
7. MINIMUM ANGLE METHOD
The practical performance of a sampling plan is revealed by it
operating characteristic curve. Norman Bush et. al. [7] have
used different techniques involving comparison of some
portion of the OC curve to that of the ideal curve. The
approach of minimum angle method by considering the
tangent of the angle between the lines joining the points
(AQL, 1- α) & (LQL, β) is shown in Figure where p1 = AQL,
p2= LQL. By employing this method one can get a better
discriminating plan with the minimum angle. Tangent of angle
made by lines AB and AC is
Tan θ = BC / AC
Tan θ = (p2 - p1) / (Pa (p1) – Pa (p2)) ________________
(6)
The smaller the value of this tanθ, closer is the angle θ
approaching zero and the chord AB approaching AC, the ideal
condition through (AQL, 1-α). This criterion minimizes
simultaneously the consumer’s and producer’s risks. Thus
both the producer and consumer favour the plans evolved by
the criterion.
In this paper we design parameters of the DSP (0, 1) plan
based on truncated life tests for various distributions, using
minimum angle method. The minimum angle method of the
DSP (0, 1) sampling plan under various distributions for
truncated life test is given below.
8. CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES
The Tables are constructed using OC function for DSP (0, 1)
sampling plans under various distributions. The test
termination ratio t/λ0 values are fixed as 0.628, 0.912, 1.257,
1.571, 2.356, 3.141, 3.927 and 4.712, and the mean ratio λ/λ0
values are fixed as 4,6,8,10,12. For various time ratios t/λ0 and
mean ratios λ/λ0 the parameter values n1 and n2 are obtained
and satisfying L(p1)≥0.95 and L(p2)≤0.10 for various
distribution and are provided in Table 1 to Table 4. The value
θ and tan values are also provided in each table. The
parameters can be selected such that the angle is minimum.
9. EXAMPLES
Assume that an experimenter wants to establish that the
lifetime of the electrical devices produced in the factory
ensures that the true unknown mean life is at least 1000 hours
when the ratio of the unknown average life is 4. Following are
the results obtained when the lifetime of the test items follows
the Rayleigh, generalized exponential distribution, Weibull
distribution, Gamma distribution respectively.
9.1 Rayleigh Distribution
Let the distribution followed be Rayleigh. Here we get the
sample size as n = 15 and k = 2. The lot is accepted at given
mean ratio /0 = 6 during 628 hours which satisfies the
condition of producer’s risk and consumer’s risk α ≤ 0.05, β
≤ 0.10, from the Table 1, one can observe that the minimum
angle is θ = 10.54134° and also α =0.0097 and β =0.057
which is very much less than the specified risk. Thus the
required DSP (0, 1) plan has parameters (15,30) which
satisfies both the producers risk and consumer’s risk.
9.2 Generalized Exponential Distribution
Let the distribution followed be generalized exponential.
Here we get the sample size as n = 10 and k = 3. The lot is
accepted at given mean ratio /0 = 6 during 628 hours which
satisfies the condition of producer’s risk and consumer’s risk α
≤ 0.05, β ≤ 0.10, from the Table 2, one can observe that the
minimum angle is θ = 13.12339° and also α = .0225 and β =
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Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 120
.086 which is very much less than the specified risk. Thus the
required DSP (0,1) plan has parameters (10,30) which
satisfies both the producers risk and consumer’s risk.
9.3 Weibull Distribution
Let the distribution followed be Weibull. Here we get the
sample size as n = 7 and k = 2. The lot is accepted at given
mean ratio /0 = 6 during 628 hours which satisfies the
condition of producer’s risk and consumer’s risk α ≤ 0.05, β ≤
0.10, from the Table 3, one can observe that the minimum
angle is θ = 18.87288° and also α = .009 and β = .069
which is very much less than the specified risk. Thus the
required DSP (0,1) plan has parameters (7,14) which satisfies
both the producers risk and consumer’s risk.
9.4 Gamma Distribution
Let the distribution followed be Gamma. Here we get the
sample size as n = 18 and k = 2. The lot is accepted at given
mean ratio /0 = 6 during 628 hours which satisfies the
condition of producer’s risk and consumer’s risk α ≤ 0.05, β ≤
0.10, from the Table 4, one can observe that the minimum
angle is θ = 8.015064° and also α = .0119 and β = .092
which is very much less than the specified risk. Thus the
required DSP (0,1) plan has parameters (18,36) which
satisfies both the producers risk and consumer’s risk.
Table – 1: Sample size for DSP (0, 1) using Minimum Angle Method for specified values of k when the life time of the items follows
Rayleigh Distribution
t/ λ0 λ/λ0 k n L(p1) L(p2) Tanθ Θ
0.628 4 2 15 0.956604 0.057872 0.185504 10.50913
0.628 4 1 20 0.972999 0.088719 0.188536 10.67696
0.628 4 3 12 0.954543 0.095023 0.193967 10.97715
0.942 4 1 10 0.965085 0.054237 0.363377 19.96997
0.942 4 2 6 0.961153 0.076524 0.374147 20.51319
1.257 4 1 5 0.969421 0.071827 0.554805 29.02171
1.257 4 2 3 0.964615 0.099971 0.575947 29.93966
1.571 4 1 4 0.952636 0.027549 0.686047 34.45195
1.571 4 2 3 0.923221 0.025049 0.706606 35.24525
0.628 6 1 20 0.994152 0.088719 0.191626 10.84785
0.628 6 2 15 0.990264 0.057872 0.186085 10.54134
0.628 6 3 12 0.989616 0.095023 0.193948 10.97612
0.942 6 1 9 0.993676 0.077916 0.377918 20.70246
0.942 6 2 6 0.991334 0.076524 0.37831 20.72212
1.257 6 1 5 0.993332 0.071827 0.569135 29.6457
1.257 6 2 3 0.99213 0.099971 0.587855 30.44935
1.257 6 3 3 0.987437 0.093749 0.586849 30.40652
1.571 6 1 3 0.993489 0.077142 0.73682 36.38354
1.571 6 2 3 0.981802 0.025049 0.705703 35.21072
2.356 6 1 2 0.984301 0.003886 0.880726 41.3712
2.356 6 2 2 0.958039 0.01117 0.911928 42.36257
3.141 6 1 2 0.955007 0.000155 0.905629 42.16491
3.141 6 2 1 0.956838 0.007206 0.910607 42.32122
3.927 6 1 1 0.962828 0.000896 0.838678 39.98581
0.628 8 1 20 0.998088 0.088719 0.19342 10.94699
0.628 8 2 13 0.997538 0.088371 0.193464 10.94938
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Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 129
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper designing of DSP (0, 1) sampling plan for
truncated life tests by using minimum angle method is
presented. The minimum sample sizes for various values of
/0 and different experiment times are calculated assuming
that the lifetime of the test items follows different lifetime
distributions. When the table values (Table 1 to Table 4) are
compared one can say that weibull distribution is
comparatively better than other distributions. It can be seen
that by applying minimum angle method minimizes
simultaneously the consumer’s and producer’s risk. This
minimum angle method plan provides better discrimination of
accepting good lots
REFERENCES
[1]. Goode, H.P., & Kao, J.H.K (1961). Sampling plans based
on the distribution. In Proceeding of the Seventh National
Symposium on Reliability and Quality Control (pp. 24-40),
Philadelphia.
[2]. Balizi, A (2003). Acceptance sampling based on truncated
life tests in the Pareto distribution of the second kind.
Advances and Applications in Statistics, 3 (1), 33-48.
[3]. Balizi & EI Masri (2004), Acceptance sampling based on
truncated life tests in the Birnbaum Saunders model. Risk
Analysis, 24(6), 1453.
[4]. Rosaiah, K., Kantam, R. R. L. (2005). Acceptance
sampling based on inverse Rayleigh distribution. Econo. Qual.
Control 20:277-286.
[5]. Tsai, T.R., & Shou (2006). Acceptance sampling based
on truncated life for generalized Rayleigh Distribution.
Journal of applied statistics, 33 (6), 595 – 600
[6]. Muhammad Aslam, (2007). Double Acceptance Sampling
Based on Truncated Life tests in Rayleigh Distribution.
European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.17 pp.605-610.
[7]. Bush N. Leonard E.J., and Merchant M.Q.M.Jr., (1953) A
Method od Single and Double Sampling OC curves Utilizing
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[8]. Srinivasa Rao (2009) “Reliability test plans for Marshall –
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