Presentation from a workshop at the CanUX conference on Designing for Behaviour Change, co-presented with Akash Radia. The goal of this workshop was to provide a framework
to help people evaluate how well a product or service is designed to support behaviour change. This framework can then be used to better design a product or service to better support behaviour change.
Many corporations recognize their future depends on digital transformation. Earley Information Science outlines the 4 step process for building a roadmap to transformation.
Maps & Markers: Crafting a strategy to transform your design team - UX Cambri...Alissa Briggs
Resources at alissabriggs.com/uxc2018
Presented at UX Cambridge 2018
--
We all dream of working in organizations where design is respected, valued and impactful. What if we could actually make that dream a reality?
Two years ago, the design team at PlanGrid was understaffed and hamstrung. Today, the team has tripled in size and is treated as a strategic partner and the customer-centric “conscience” of the company. This has empowered the team to create software experiences that are radically transforming people’s lives. Learn how they achieved this while navigating the chaos of a fast-paced organization.
This talk will introduce the Vision Map: a tool for transforming and empowering your design team. You’ll learn how to get alignment on your vision, assemble your team, and choose the right tactics. You’ll hear examples of how we applied this at PlanGrid, along with practical tips and real-world stories.
By the end of this session, you’ll know how to:
-Identify where your organization is at today and where it needs to go
-Assemble the right team and allies to accompany you on your journey
-Choose the right tactics to reach your vision
This talk is accompanied by worksheets and resources you can use with your team, which will also be made available online. You’ll leave with everything you need to chart your course to the design team of your dreams.
Let's talk about Design Systems and how they could help you build better products in terms of efficiency, consistency, UX, code quality and accessibility.
Summary:
1. About me
2. Why have one?
3. Design system (fundamentals)
4. How to build a design system (process)
5. Cost and value
6. Inspiration
7. Q&A
A talk Marc gave at the UI20 conference in Boston, November the 3rd, 2015.
Smaply: www.smaply.com
ExperienceFellow: www.experiencefellow.com
This is Service Design Thinking: www.thisisservicedesignthinking.com
This is Service Design Doing: www.thisisservicedesigndoing.com
Content:
1. The typology of journey maps
2. Customer experience research
3. Prototyping services
4. Service design and start-ups
Business Design Toolkit - Design Sojourndesignsojourn
The Business Design Toolkit is used to help businesses leverage Design Led Innovation. For more information, please go to: http://www.designsojourn.com/business-design-toolkit/
From Konami Code to Peter Principle - Leadership Responsibilities (EuroIA 2020)Peter Boersma
In this talk, presented at EuroIA 2020, I share leadership tips & tricks for when your responsibilities change, no matter in what direction:
moving in: trying out mentoring and leading
moving up: you got promoted; now what?
moving left and right: adding skills, broadening your horizon
moving down: adjusting and going for principal
moving out: changing environments, freelancing
Epoca presented at Service Design Drinks Milan #3 how to use the customer journey map tool in b2b projects, showcasing a case-study they have been working on in the last years.
Many corporations recognize their future depends on digital transformation. Earley Information Science outlines the 4 step process for building a roadmap to transformation.
Maps & Markers: Crafting a strategy to transform your design team - UX Cambri...Alissa Briggs
Resources at alissabriggs.com/uxc2018
Presented at UX Cambridge 2018
--
We all dream of working in organizations where design is respected, valued and impactful. What if we could actually make that dream a reality?
Two years ago, the design team at PlanGrid was understaffed and hamstrung. Today, the team has tripled in size and is treated as a strategic partner and the customer-centric “conscience” of the company. This has empowered the team to create software experiences that are radically transforming people’s lives. Learn how they achieved this while navigating the chaos of a fast-paced organization.
This talk will introduce the Vision Map: a tool for transforming and empowering your design team. You’ll learn how to get alignment on your vision, assemble your team, and choose the right tactics. You’ll hear examples of how we applied this at PlanGrid, along with practical tips and real-world stories.
By the end of this session, you’ll know how to:
-Identify where your organization is at today and where it needs to go
-Assemble the right team and allies to accompany you on your journey
-Choose the right tactics to reach your vision
This talk is accompanied by worksheets and resources you can use with your team, which will also be made available online. You’ll leave with everything you need to chart your course to the design team of your dreams.
Let's talk about Design Systems and how they could help you build better products in terms of efficiency, consistency, UX, code quality and accessibility.
Summary:
1. About me
2. Why have one?
3. Design system (fundamentals)
4. How to build a design system (process)
5. Cost and value
6. Inspiration
7. Q&A
A talk Marc gave at the UI20 conference in Boston, November the 3rd, 2015.
Smaply: www.smaply.com
ExperienceFellow: www.experiencefellow.com
This is Service Design Thinking: www.thisisservicedesignthinking.com
This is Service Design Doing: www.thisisservicedesigndoing.com
Content:
1. The typology of journey maps
2. Customer experience research
3. Prototyping services
4. Service design and start-ups
Business Design Toolkit - Design Sojourndesignsojourn
The Business Design Toolkit is used to help businesses leverage Design Led Innovation. For more information, please go to: http://www.designsojourn.com/business-design-toolkit/
From Konami Code to Peter Principle - Leadership Responsibilities (EuroIA 2020)Peter Boersma
In this talk, presented at EuroIA 2020, I share leadership tips & tricks for when your responsibilities change, no matter in what direction:
moving in: trying out mentoring and leading
moving up: you got promoted; now what?
moving left and right: adding skills, broadening your horizon
moving down: adjusting and going for principal
moving out: changing environments, freelancing
Epoca presented at Service Design Drinks Milan #3 how to use the customer journey map tool in b2b projects, showcasing a case-study they have been working on in the last years.
Digital Transformation: What it is and how to get thereEconsultancy
Digital Transformation: What it is and how to get there.
Authored by Econsultancy CEO Ashley Friedlein, this presentation on the topic of 'Digital Transformation', is broken down into six sections covering:
1. Digital Transformation - what it is and recent data and research on the topic
2. Strategy - what a digital strategy should include
3. Technology - the challenges of technology and the skills gap
4. People - looking at organisational structure, culture, roles & responsibilities, environment recquired
5. Process - how to address the speed, innovation and agility required
6. Business Transformation - how digital transformation is actually business transformation
Michael Steingress - More than Metrics
Service Design Thinking ist in aller Munde. Nur wie sieht es mit Service Design Doing aus? Nach den Basics zu Customer Journey Mapping (Personas, Stakeholder Maps, Journey Maps) lernen die Teilnehmer verschiedene Ansätze kennen, selbst (interne und externe) Workshops co-kreativ und zielgerichtet zu gestalten.
Exemplarisch werden dabei Methoden u.a. zu Storyboarding oder der Implementierung von externem Feedback gezeigt, welche die Workshop-Teilnehmer in kleinen Gruppen auch direkt ausprobieren werden.
UX STRAT Online 2021 Presentation by Dr. Hsien-Hui Tang and Michael T LaiUX STRAT
"Shifting the Value of Experience: From Design to Strategy"
Dr. Hsien-Hui Tang
Tang UX Consultancy: Experience Strategy Expert
Michael T Lai
X Thinking University: Dean
The role of service design in organizations Carol Massá
Presentation given at FusionConf UX Edition in Charlotte, NC (April, 2019) about the power of perspectives, role of service design, methodologies and challenges around shifting from operational driven to design drivel models in today's world.
Carol Massa is a service designer at Harmonic Design
www.thisisharmonic.com
Digital Transformation Strategy & Framework | By ex-McKinseyAurelien Domont, MBA
Go to www.slidebooks.com to Download and Reuse Now a Digital Transformation Strategy & Framework in Powerpoint | Created By ex-McKinsey & Deloitte Strategy Consultants.
This is a condensation of InVisions DesignOps Handbook on https://www.designbetter.co/designops-handbook plus some additionel notes and quotes from podcasts and articles. These slides are put together in order to create a better overview of all the areas and focuses in DesignOps
System Thinking: Design Tools to Drive Innovation Processes Roberta Tassi
The increasing complexity of the world around us raises new challenges for designers, who are called to build cohesive experiences across broad ecosystems of products and services. Dealing with innovation and highly complex services, involving a large number of actors and many different channels, requires the adoption of new skills and techniques, that enable a more effective collaboration with all the stakeholders involved and support the dialogue around articulated systems and large amount of information.
Looking at the theory, Service Design Tools (www.servicedesigntools.org) is a first comprehensive repository of methods and examples that could orientate a designer - or any other professional - approaching the challenges of designing services, to help identifying the right method according to the step of the process, the type of participants and the kind of information that need to be discussed. Jumping to the practice, the power of adopting a systemic approach and shaping tools and frameworks that can re-order and re-distribute knowledge within multifaceted teams to drive innovation processes has changed the way in which highly complex services are conceived and developed across segments - from healthcare to financial -.
The ambition now is to see this evolving more and more into the way societal problems with large scale impact are addressed - bringing the benefit of system thinking into social innovation processes and organisation changes.
Euclid Annual Symposium, Brno 2015
Digital Transformation From Strategy To ImplementationScopernia
Creating a digital transformation strategy is one thing but how do you put the insights and plans into practice. This presentation deals with vision, strategy, roadmap, governance, leadership, channel hacking, start-up-thinking and many more issues.
The question of how Service Design is different from other disciplines is the wrong way to look at the discipline. In this talk I highlight the core flexibilities required to practice Service Design and how service design extends the work of other practices like UX, CX, IxD, Content Strategy, and more.
Designing for Multi-touchpoint ExperiencesJamin Hegeman
Want to help your team and stakeholders develop a mindset for designing and delivering multi-touchpoint service experiences before getting caught up in constraints and requirements? Could you use a fun, experience-driven method to level the playing field and get multidisciplinary teams working together to generate ideas?
During the first part of this service experience workshop, we’ll use an acting method called ‘service storming’ to rapidly generate ideas for a service concept across multiple touchpoints. This simple, but powerful tool will help teams cover a wide range of experiences in a short time period.
After acting out some service experiences, we’ll focus on making them operational. For this, we will turn to the service blueprint, a service design tool that helps you capture experience across time and touchpoints in a way that many teams and stakeholders can understand and design from.
Together, these tools will help you and your teams develop a service mindset, work better across disciplines, and move from ideation to execution of multi-touchpoint service experiences.
What you’ll get in this workshop:
A great team building exercise that gets people thinking outside of the box, screen, or whatever constrains them
An introduction to service storming, a great ideation method that using acting as a way to generate and communication service concepts
An introduction to service blueprints, an operational tool used to visualize the touchpoints and backend systems needed to realize service experiences
The three-day summit will have expert-driven debates, panels, and keynotes to shed light on groundbreaking technology trends, the latest cybersecurity tools to fight fraud and crypto scams, developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, 3D printing, and robotics, to name a few. It will also review and touch upon the impact new technologies can have on businesses and their potential to power the future of humankind.
Beyond the Hype: Crossing the chasm with AI and patient chronic disease management
AI is the new mantra in healthcare and is being touted by many as one of the impending saviours of personalising the patient experience, as it is a key component of the much-vaunted Transformation of Self-Care. By others it’s seen as flawed and impractical to adopt, as the quality of data and process collation is driven by the behaviour of the patient and therapy ecosystem they currently live in. This talk looks at lessons learnt from when AI has attempted to digitally transform patient and caregiver behaviour as part of chronic disease self-care. The focus will be on digital medical devices for asthma, allergies and regular medication based on the implementation and pilot testing of real-world AI solutions, which have been key to learning what design-thinking works and does not work when designing AI into a patients life. Attendees will hear what design-thinking approaches were taken, the benefits-and drawbacks of how this impacted factors that make adjustment to chronic medical illness psychologically demanding, and how cross-collaboration worked with business product owners, data scientists, engineers, patients and caregivers. The talk concludes with a summary of challenges, opportunities and future capabilities needed by designers when creating self-care solutions for patients and caregivers, where AI is trusted enough to act on insights.
Using Common Senses: Programmatic Accessibility for ExhibitsWest Muse
You are probably familiar with the requirements of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) for physical accessibility in your institution. But how do you bring exhibits alive to create inclusive experiences that meet the needs of visitors with a wide range of cognitive and sensory differences? In a lively, interactive format, this panel of exhibit designers present the philosophy, strategies, and specific techniques of audio description, tactiles, and electronic media to create displays that make exhibit content accessible to the broadest audience possible.
Moderator: Jill Rullkoetter, Senior Deputy Director, Frye Art Museum
Presenters: Charles Davis, AIA, Principal, EDX Exhibits
Lyn Henley, President, Henley Company Design and Production
Daniel Quan, Owner, Daniel Quan Design
from talk to walk’Capita Talent Consulting combines its
resourcing and diversity expertise to provide practical recommendations on the steps to take and the
obstacles to overcome in the pursuit of more diverse candidate pools and resulting hires (internally
and externally). Themes include: • Addressing the challenge of unconscious bias – yours, agencies and
hiring managers • Reconciling speed vs. diversity of hires and managing stakeholder expectations • The
mutual benefits of monitoring and reporting diversity of outcomes • How more inclusive on-boarding can
improve and embed results
Digital Transformation: What it is and how to get thereEconsultancy
Digital Transformation: What it is and how to get there.
Authored by Econsultancy CEO Ashley Friedlein, this presentation on the topic of 'Digital Transformation', is broken down into six sections covering:
1. Digital Transformation - what it is and recent data and research on the topic
2. Strategy - what a digital strategy should include
3. Technology - the challenges of technology and the skills gap
4. People - looking at organisational structure, culture, roles & responsibilities, environment recquired
5. Process - how to address the speed, innovation and agility required
6. Business Transformation - how digital transformation is actually business transformation
Michael Steingress - More than Metrics
Service Design Thinking ist in aller Munde. Nur wie sieht es mit Service Design Doing aus? Nach den Basics zu Customer Journey Mapping (Personas, Stakeholder Maps, Journey Maps) lernen die Teilnehmer verschiedene Ansätze kennen, selbst (interne und externe) Workshops co-kreativ und zielgerichtet zu gestalten.
Exemplarisch werden dabei Methoden u.a. zu Storyboarding oder der Implementierung von externem Feedback gezeigt, welche die Workshop-Teilnehmer in kleinen Gruppen auch direkt ausprobieren werden.
UX STRAT Online 2021 Presentation by Dr. Hsien-Hui Tang and Michael T LaiUX STRAT
"Shifting the Value of Experience: From Design to Strategy"
Dr. Hsien-Hui Tang
Tang UX Consultancy: Experience Strategy Expert
Michael T Lai
X Thinking University: Dean
The role of service design in organizations Carol Massá
Presentation given at FusionConf UX Edition in Charlotte, NC (April, 2019) about the power of perspectives, role of service design, methodologies and challenges around shifting from operational driven to design drivel models in today's world.
Carol Massa is a service designer at Harmonic Design
www.thisisharmonic.com
Digital Transformation Strategy & Framework | By ex-McKinseyAurelien Domont, MBA
Go to www.slidebooks.com to Download and Reuse Now a Digital Transformation Strategy & Framework in Powerpoint | Created By ex-McKinsey & Deloitte Strategy Consultants.
This is a condensation of InVisions DesignOps Handbook on https://www.designbetter.co/designops-handbook plus some additionel notes and quotes from podcasts and articles. These slides are put together in order to create a better overview of all the areas and focuses in DesignOps
System Thinking: Design Tools to Drive Innovation Processes Roberta Tassi
The increasing complexity of the world around us raises new challenges for designers, who are called to build cohesive experiences across broad ecosystems of products and services. Dealing with innovation and highly complex services, involving a large number of actors and many different channels, requires the adoption of new skills and techniques, that enable a more effective collaboration with all the stakeholders involved and support the dialogue around articulated systems and large amount of information.
Looking at the theory, Service Design Tools (www.servicedesigntools.org) is a first comprehensive repository of methods and examples that could orientate a designer - or any other professional - approaching the challenges of designing services, to help identifying the right method according to the step of the process, the type of participants and the kind of information that need to be discussed. Jumping to the practice, the power of adopting a systemic approach and shaping tools and frameworks that can re-order and re-distribute knowledge within multifaceted teams to drive innovation processes has changed the way in which highly complex services are conceived and developed across segments - from healthcare to financial -.
The ambition now is to see this evolving more and more into the way societal problems with large scale impact are addressed - bringing the benefit of system thinking into social innovation processes and organisation changes.
Euclid Annual Symposium, Brno 2015
Digital Transformation From Strategy To ImplementationScopernia
Creating a digital transformation strategy is one thing but how do you put the insights and plans into practice. This presentation deals with vision, strategy, roadmap, governance, leadership, channel hacking, start-up-thinking and many more issues.
The question of how Service Design is different from other disciplines is the wrong way to look at the discipline. In this talk I highlight the core flexibilities required to practice Service Design and how service design extends the work of other practices like UX, CX, IxD, Content Strategy, and more.
Designing for Multi-touchpoint ExperiencesJamin Hegeman
Want to help your team and stakeholders develop a mindset for designing and delivering multi-touchpoint service experiences before getting caught up in constraints and requirements? Could you use a fun, experience-driven method to level the playing field and get multidisciplinary teams working together to generate ideas?
During the first part of this service experience workshop, we’ll use an acting method called ‘service storming’ to rapidly generate ideas for a service concept across multiple touchpoints. This simple, but powerful tool will help teams cover a wide range of experiences in a short time period.
After acting out some service experiences, we’ll focus on making them operational. For this, we will turn to the service blueprint, a service design tool that helps you capture experience across time and touchpoints in a way that many teams and stakeholders can understand and design from.
Together, these tools will help you and your teams develop a service mindset, work better across disciplines, and move from ideation to execution of multi-touchpoint service experiences.
What you’ll get in this workshop:
A great team building exercise that gets people thinking outside of the box, screen, or whatever constrains them
An introduction to service storming, a great ideation method that using acting as a way to generate and communication service concepts
An introduction to service blueprints, an operational tool used to visualize the touchpoints and backend systems needed to realize service experiences
The three-day summit will have expert-driven debates, panels, and keynotes to shed light on groundbreaking technology trends, the latest cybersecurity tools to fight fraud and crypto scams, developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, 3D printing, and robotics, to name a few. It will also review and touch upon the impact new technologies can have on businesses and their potential to power the future of humankind.
Beyond the Hype: Crossing the chasm with AI and patient chronic disease management
AI is the new mantra in healthcare and is being touted by many as one of the impending saviours of personalising the patient experience, as it is a key component of the much-vaunted Transformation of Self-Care. By others it’s seen as flawed and impractical to adopt, as the quality of data and process collation is driven by the behaviour of the patient and therapy ecosystem they currently live in. This talk looks at lessons learnt from when AI has attempted to digitally transform patient and caregiver behaviour as part of chronic disease self-care. The focus will be on digital medical devices for asthma, allergies and regular medication based on the implementation and pilot testing of real-world AI solutions, which have been key to learning what design-thinking works and does not work when designing AI into a patients life. Attendees will hear what design-thinking approaches were taken, the benefits-and drawbacks of how this impacted factors that make adjustment to chronic medical illness psychologically demanding, and how cross-collaboration worked with business product owners, data scientists, engineers, patients and caregivers. The talk concludes with a summary of challenges, opportunities and future capabilities needed by designers when creating self-care solutions for patients and caregivers, where AI is trusted enough to act on insights.
Using Common Senses: Programmatic Accessibility for ExhibitsWest Muse
You are probably familiar with the requirements of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) for physical accessibility in your institution. But how do you bring exhibits alive to create inclusive experiences that meet the needs of visitors with a wide range of cognitive and sensory differences? In a lively, interactive format, this panel of exhibit designers present the philosophy, strategies, and specific techniques of audio description, tactiles, and electronic media to create displays that make exhibit content accessible to the broadest audience possible.
Moderator: Jill Rullkoetter, Senior Deputy Director, Frye Art Museum
Presenters: Charles Davis, AIA, Principal, EDX Exhibits
Lyn Henley, President, Henley Company Design and Production
Daniel Quan, Owner, Daniel Quan Design
from talk to walk’Capita Talent Consulting combines its
resourcing and diversity expertise to provide practical recommendations on the steps to take and the
obstacles to overcome in the pursuit of more diverse candidate pools and resulting hires (internally
and externally). Themes include: • Addressing the challenge of unconscious bias – yours, agencies and
hiring managers • Reconciling speed vs. diversity of hires and managing stakeholder expectations • The
mutual benefits of monitoring and reporting diversity of outcomes • How more inclusive on-boarding can
improve and embed results
Improving Performance with Social Business Solutions - Featuring: Premier Hea...Perficient, Inc.
Learn how to leverage IBM Social Business solutions to innovate and collaborate more productively, and how to anticipate market needs and deliver exceptional customer experiences. Hear how Premier is integrating business processes with social and analytical tools from IBM to create a competitive advantage and pioneer a better way of doing business.
Privacy is on the minds of people everywhere, including your customers and users. Along with a flurry of new legislation that is already in place or in progress around the world or the US states you do operate in, having a formal privacy program in your company or organization is becoming mandatory. This webinar will cover the basics of how to start a privacy program for organizations of all sizes. Secratic's Managing Partner and Founder, Daniel Ayala, will also review how to build privacy into the products and services you sell to achieve a better competitive advantage and build the trust of your customers, employees and business partners.
The COVID-19 economy changed everything, did it not? The future business environment is not going be the same as it was prior to the pandemic. As a result, your future company can’t be the same either. It will be facing unique challenges. But it also offers you unprecedented new opportunities.
As always, those who anticipate and prepare for that future will have the advantage.
To that end, watch the recorded presentation to learn five ways you can leverage your ability to succeed in the new economy. In this webinar, we will share high impact insights that will help your company thrive regardless of the conditions that lie ahead.
CIS 2015- User-centric Privacy of Identity- Jenn BehrensCloudIDSummit
Enterprises increasingly require higher level of assurance credentials for authentication. How do enterprises inspire trust for users? How do they impart that identity management solutions value and uphold privacy best-practices and regulations? Jenn will highlight how the application of a user-experience discipline intersects both legal and trust issues surrounding cloud-based applications. Discussion will underscore legal advantages of user-centric identity management as an authentication compliance strategy. The industry goal of improving trust of a solution by focusing on user control will also be linked to consumer and relying party adoption as a market-differentiating privacy risk mitigation strategy.
Sutherland and International Institute for Analytics HIStalk Webinar - Charti...Sutherland Healthcare
The digital era is disrupting every industry and healthcare is no exception. Emerging technologies will introduce challenges and opportunities to transform operations and raise the bar of consumer experience. Success in this new era requires a new way of thinking, new skills, and new technologies to help your organization embrace digital health. This presentation demonstrates how to measure your organization's analytics maturity and design a strategy to digital transformation.
The three main objectives of this presentation are to show how to:
1) Leverage transformational design thinking methodologies to discover new opportunities, optimize existing operations, and improve experiences.
2) Measure and compare their organization's analytics maturity.
3) Develop a strategy for leveraging analytics and design thinking as a competitive differentiator
Closing the Governance Gap - Enabling Governed Self-Service AnalyticsPrivacera
Data democratization and data protection are conflicting forces that both need to be addressed through data governance and security by defining, deploying, and auditing data access control policies. Yet there is a latent “governance gap”: the individuals in the organization accountable for articulating and specifying data policies do not have enough knowledge of the systems to understand how policies are to be implemented, and the technologists who understand the system are not familiar enough with data policy drivers to appropriately define and deploy data protection policies.
This webinar is a must for personnel with an analytics and technology mandate to learn about the root causes of this governance gap and consider ideas for closing the gap.
On-Demand here: https://tdwi.org/webcasts/2021/07/arch-all-closing-the-governance-gap-enabling-governed-self-service-analytics.aspx
Learn about:
- Different roles tasked with managing data policies
- Root causes of the governance gap
- Establishing bridges among the different personas - privacy and compliance teams, data stewards, security teams, IT teams, data users
- Simplifying data policy governance
- Governed self-service analytics and data sharing
- Definitions of data sources and data assets and how to enable delegated policy administration
In a previous Point of View, I argued that big data is not replacing research—it is liberating it. Researchers are liberated from generating a new survey for each new learning occasion; instead, ongoing big-data assets can be leveraged for many topics, allowing subsequent primary research to go deeper and fill in the gaps. Researchers are liberated from needing to rely upon bloated surveys and
instead can keep surveys short and focused on those variables that they are ideally suited for, resulting in better data quality.
Praxis proprietary - People Value Creation - is a holistic approach to keeping employees engaged and making them productive such that the organisation creates value through people.
Similar to DesigningForBehaviourChange_CanUX22 (20)
What Would Emmy Do - Math, Models, and Mulling in UX Research Jennifer Fraser
Talk given at Rosenfeld's Advancing Research 2023 Conference looking at what can be learned from how Emmy Noether helped solve a problem with Einstein's Theory of General Relativity and how those lessons can be applied by User Experience Researchers today.
A talk from the CanUX 2022 conference. Content was co-created with Scott Plewes. Using the example of the Glass Bridge "game" from Squid Game, this talk looks at how a Quantitative approach, on its own, has limits when dealing with complex and dynamic systems and how User Experience Design, more specifically Systems Thinking, can be leveraged to work in conjunction with Data Science, to better achieve business outcomes.
Presentation from UXCampOttawa
Hiring is hard.
The prospect of growing your team is exciting, but hiring the right person to grow your team is hard. But, that’s what we do as UX professionals, we tackle hard problems, and hiring the right person, can be thought of as just another one of those hard problems. So, before you jump to a conclusion and rush to post that job description to build your clone army, maybe you should pause, and (as you would do with any other design problem) make sure you have defined this hiring “problem” properly. In this talk, I reflect a bit on the nebulous term of user experience and the various skill sets that fit within its container, as well as step through some techniques to help you understand who you should really be looking for to grow your team.
This was a solo presentation from SXSWi 2008 entitled "Rome, Sweet Rome: Ancient Lessons in Design". It examines the 3 Vitruvian qualities of firmitas, utilitas and venustas and how they relate today to interaction design.
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
3. Behaviour change can be hard.
The goal of this workshop is to provide a framework
to help you tackle behaviour change in your product/service/classroom/
passion project.
PROVIDING A FRAMEWORK FOR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
3
Copyright Emids 2022 |
WORKSHOP GOAL
4. 4
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Positive and sustained
modifications in behavior, in
an individual or group, via the
use of your
product/service/technology,
to achieve positive outcomes
21. 21
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Fogg, BJ (2020) Tiny Habits: The Tiny Changes That Change Everything.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
B=MAT
at the same
moment
Ability Easy to do
Hard to do
Low
Motivation
High
Triggers
succeed here
Triggers
fail here
Action line
HOW DO YOU HELP SOMEONE CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOUR?
22. 22
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Prochaska Jo and DiClemente CC (1984) The transtheoretical approach: crossing traditional boundaries
of therapy. Homewood, Ill: Dow Jones Irwin
Bandura A (1977) Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological
Review. 64(2): 191-225
Attitude towards
behaviour
Perceived
behavioural control
Behavioural
intention
Behaviour
Behavioural beliefs
Evaluation of behavioural
outcomes
Normative beliefs
Motivation to comply
Control beliefs
Perceived power
Subjective norm
Premature
way out
Precontemplation
Client sees no problem
but others disapprove
Contemplation
Weighing up pros
& cons of changing
Relapse
Return to previous
behaviour
Maintenance
Actively maintaining
change
Optimal recovery
Change consolidated
Start
Active Changes
Putting decision into
practice
HOW DO YOU HELP SOMEONE CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOUR?
23. 23
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Who is responsible for designing and implementing features
that aim to achieve a desired behaviour change?
24. 24
Copyright Emids 2022 |
In User Experience, we have tools to help us conduct
our work according to best practice “rules-of-thumb”
25. 25
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Visibility of
System Status
Match Between
System & Real World
User Control
& Freedom
Consistency
& Standards
Error
Prevention
Recognition
Rather than Recall
Flexibility &
Efficiency of Use
Aesthetic &
Minimalistic Design
Help Users
with Errors
Help &
Documentation
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
26. 26
Copyright Emids 2022 |
How do we go beyond usability and ensure
the products/services we design are also
conducive to behaviour change?
28. The ARC Framework is a tool that can be used by
researchers, designers, and product professionals
across digital products or services to help engage
individuals and elicit positive and sustained
behaviour change.
THE ARC FRAMEWORK
28
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Introducing ARC
29. THE ARC FRAMEWORK
29
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Introducing ARC
Much like a usability heuristic evaluation, it
contains ‘rule-of-thumb’ (behavioural) principles
to evaluate an existing product or service.
It can also be used to inform the creation of a
new product and ensure that core features and
components follow behaviour change best practices.
Products built on a strong
foundation of usability and
functionality can only go so far.
The framework seeks to layer
on an additional lens focused on
behaviour change.
30. 30
Copyright Emids 2022 |
THE ARC FRAMEWORK
The Foundation
Ensuring behaviour change via digital products requires a
multidisciplinary analysis across traditional healthcare and
digital environments.
Existing frameworks used in mutually exclusive contexts (offline
or online) were analyzed and common constructs identified
to form the basis of ARC’s 12 principles.
Cognitive
Science
Behaviour
Change
Theories
Gameful Design
+ Gamification
12
Principles
32. Actions exist in time and
behaviour evolves over time
32
Copyright Emids 2022 |
THE ARC FRAMEWORK
33. THE ARC FRAMEWORK
Pre-Onboarding
At this stage in the
journey, people are
learning what the product
or service has to offer at a
very high level.
They need to be
impressed enough to try
it, whether it’s to
download or sign up.
Onboarding
People are trying out the
platform. This could go one
of two ways: they are
engaged by the newly
acquired experience, or they
don’t like it and they delete or
interrupt their participation.
Daily Usage
If people enjoy and
benefit from the platform,
they remain engaged and
may use it daily.
Product teams typically
focus on features and
functionality that live
within this stage.
Growth & Beyond
This stage identifies
elements beyond daily
needs. These include a
person elevating their role
from user to contributor or a
mentor, or establishing a
human connection or
community that extends
beyond the initial outcome,
cultivating a long-lasting,
meaningful, relationship
with the platform.
ARC’s 4 Stages of a Journey Between a Product or Service and a Person
33
Copyright Emids 2022 |
35. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
3
5
01
Trust, Credibility
& Transparency
Products/Services should collect data in good faith, be worthy of the person’s trust,
transparent about what data is collected, and why.
DESCRIPTION
PRIMARY QUESTION
Can I Trust You?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Is data collection justified and are the reasons for data collection clearly explained?
2. Is the product or service credible/provided by a credible source? (e.g., done in
collaboration with experts in the field, FDA approved, or the way the information is
asked should match people’s existing mental models such as how a specialist would
ask).
3. Is it clear to the person that their data is cared for and the data coming from the
product or service is trustworthy?
36. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
3
6
01
Trust, Credibility
& Transparency
PRIMARY QUESTION
Can I Trust You?
Products/services should collect data in good faith, be worthy of the person’s trust,
transparent about what data is collected, and why.
DESCRIPTION
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Is data collection justified and are the reasons for data collection clearly explained?
2. Is the product or service credible/provided by a credible source? (e.g., done in
collaboration with experts in the field, FDA approved, or the way the information is
asked should match people’s existing mental models such as how a specialist would
ask).
3. Is it clear to the person that their data is cared for and the data coming from the
product or service is trustworthy?
37. 37
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Explains what they are collecting, and why, so I can determine if
I feel it’s justified and I can opt-out
38. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
3
8
01
Trust, Credibility
& Transparency
PRIMARY QUESTION
Can I Trust You?
DESCRIPTION
Products/services should collect data in good faith, be worthy of the person’s trust,
transparent about what data is collected, and why.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Is data collection justified and are the reasons for data collection clearly explained?
2. Is the product or service credible/provided by a credible source? (e.g., done in
collaboration with experts in the field, FDA approved, or the way the information is
asked should match people’s existing mental models such as how a specialist would
ask).
3. Is it clear to the person that their data is cared for and the data coming from the
product or service is trustworthy?
39. 39
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Explains who is collecting the information as well as the
credentials and affiliations or the person leading that team
Indicates that there are independent third-party researchers
running research studies to determine if the Headspace
approach to meditation is scientifically valid
Shows their affiliation with academic institutions
40. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
4
0
01
Trust, Credibility
& Transparency
PRIMARY QUESTION
Can I Trust You?
DESCRIPTION
Products/services should collect data in good faith, be worthy of the person’s trust,
transparent about what data is collected, and why.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Is data collection justified and are the reasons for data collection clearly explained?
2. Is the product or service credible/provided by a credible source? (e.g., done in
collaboration with experts in the field, FDA approved, or the way the information is
asked should match people’s existing mental models such as how a specialist would
ask).
3. Is it clear to the person that their data is cared for and the data coming from the
product or service is trustworthy?
41. 41
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Aims to reassure you that your data is cared for
Explains the steps the app goes through to determine if it
should send you a notification so you can decide if you feel it’s
trustworthy
42. 04
Education
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
4
2
People understand how the tasks and information in the product or service relate to
their outcome. Sometimes it is not clear how an ask in the product or service can
benefit the person - the product or service should keep the person informed
highlighting how what they are doing benefits them. Education is important not only for
behaviour change, but also to shift people’s attitudes towards the change and process.
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are you empowering me with the knowledge I need to reach my outcome?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there educational/informational components?
2. Does the product or service highlight the relationship between tasks and outcome?
3. Is the information easily consumable?
DESCRIPTION
43. 04
Education
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
4
3
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are you empowering me with the knowledge I need to reach my outcome?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there educational/informational components?
2. Does the product or service highlight the relationship between tasks and outcome?
3. Is the information easily consumable?
DESCRIPTION
People understand how the tasks and information in the product or service relate to
their outcome. Sometimes it is not clear how an ask in the product or service can
benefit the person - the product or service should keep the person informed
highlighting how what they are doing benefits them. Education is important not only for
behaviour change, but also to shift people’s attitudes towards the change and process.
45. 04
Education
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
4
5
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are you empowering me with the knowledge I need to reach my outcome?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there educational/informational components?
2. Does the product or service highlight the relationship between tasks and outcome?
3. Is the information easily consumable?
DESCRIPTION
People understand how the tasks and information in the product or service relate to
their outcome. Sometimes it is not clear how an ask in the product or service can
benefit the person - the product or service should keep the person informed
highlighting how what they are doing benefits them. Education is important not only for
behaviour change, but also to shift people’s attitudes towards the change and process.
47. 04
Education
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
4
7
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are you empowering me with the knowledge I need to reach my outcome?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there educational/informational components?
2. Does the product or service highlight the relationship between tasks and outcome?
3. Is the information easily consumable?
DESCRIPTION
People understand how the tasks and information in the product or service relate to
their outcome. Sometimes it is not clear how an ask in the product or service can
benefit the person - the product or service should keep the person informed
highlighting how what they are doing benefits them. Education is important not only for
behaviour change, but also to shift people’s attitudes towards the change and process.
49. 10
Human
Connection
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
4
9
The product or service should satisfy people’s need of human connection. Human
connection may be achieved directly by connecting with others, and indirectly by
learning about their experiences without being digitally connected to them. Human
connection elements should afford learning from stories, opportunities for
competition/group activities, support/mentorship and social commitment.
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are there others? (Am I not alone?)
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there direct and/or indirect human/social connection components?
2. Is the person in charge of the manner and/or degree of social connection?
3. Are the social components conducive to the outcome?
DESCRIPTION
50. 10
Human
Connection
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
5
0
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are there others? (Am I not alone?)
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there direct and/or indirect human/social connection components?
2. Is the person in charge of the manner and/or degree of social connection?
3. Are the social components conducive to the outcome?
The product or service should satisfy people’s need of human connection. Human
connection may be achieved directly by connecting with others, and indirectly by
learning about their experiences without being digitally connected to them. Human
connection elements should afford learning from stories, opportunities for
competition/group activities, support/mentorship and social commitment.
DESCRIPTION
52. 10
Human
Connection
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
5
2
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are there others? (Am I not alone?)
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there direct and/or indirect human/social connection components?
2. Is the person in charge of the manner and/or degree of social connection?
3. Are the social components conducive to the outcome?
The product or service should satisfy people’s need of human connection. Human
connection may be achieved directly by connecting with others, and indirectly by
learning about their experiences without being digitally connected to them. Human
connection elements should afford learning from stories, opportunities for
competition/group activities, support/mentorship and social commitment.
DESCRIPTION
54. 10
Human
Connection
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
5
4
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are there others? (Am I not alone?)
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there direct and/or indirect human/social connection components?
2. Is the person in charge of the manner and/or degree of social connection?
3. Are the social components conducive to the outcome?
The product or service should satisfy people’s need of human connection. Human
connection may be achieved directly by connecting with others, and indirectly by
learning about their experiences without being digitally connected to them. Human
connection elements should afford learning from stories, opportunities for
competition/group activities, support/mentorship and social commitment.
DESCRIPTION
57. 57
Copyright Emids 2022 |
TAB OVERVIEW
Exercise One:
Evaluate TAB using the two principles on the table you are going to move to.
Evaluate by answering the guiding questions as best you can as a group.
Exercise Two:
Using one of the two principles on your table, reimagine TAB
(a screen, a feature, or the whole experience!)
Two exercises to practice the behavioural heuristic framework
TAB (Take A Breath)
58. 58
Copyright Emids 2022 |
TAB OVERVIEW
THE KIDS ARE STRESSED
Stress among Canadian college students is continually rising, year-on-year
Studies of this population often find a majority of students struggling with
above-average levels of stress
Most post-secondary institutions struggle to adequately address student
stress and mental health concerns
Although counseling services are available, they can be overwhelmed with
student requests and tend to have to triage based on severity - often leaving
many of those at risk of high-stress, high-anxiety events (but not
experiencing them yet) vulnerable to a worsening condition
59. THE KIDS ARE STRESSED
59
Copyright Emids 2022 |
TAB OVERVIEW
At CANUX University, they've noticed similar, worrying trends
Students across all years struggle, with stress levels starting high in
freshman year, and peaking again in senior year
As well as chronic stress experienced throughout college, students
experience moments of acute stress, especially around exam periods +
major presentations
While they have a Student Wellness Center responsible for student welfare,
they are often overwhelmed with requests and particularly struggle when
students come to them at a critical point (as opposed to when they first
experienced symptoms of stress)
One-off events haven't worked as they'd like - not many people show up
60. 60
Copyright Emids 2022 |
TAB OVERVIEW
Demographics
● Freshman in uni
● International student
● 18 years old
● Lives on campus (in major city) - not from city
● History program (but thinking of switching) - Taking
all core courses now
● Works part-time (10hr/week) at campus bookstore
Behaviours & Habits
● Taking 4 classes, 3 of which are new subjects for her - spends about
30 hrs/week in class + studying in total, but peaks to 60 hrs during
exam period
● Spends most evenings at the library studying for at least 1-2 hours
● During weekends, tries to explore the city, but lack of money limits
what she can do
● Attends campus events with roommate attempting to meet new people
● Likes to go to the gym 3x week, but during exam week that becomes zero
Pain Points & Frustrations
● Struggling to fit in and make friends beyond roommate
● A 'perfectionist' and therefore procrastinates a lot
● Studying impacts her quantity + quality of sleep
● Eye on the future - already applying for summer internships
that are difficult to secure
● Stress levels highest during exam period or when presentation
due - tends to pull all-nighters to get things done
Needs & Goals
● Wants to 'find her place' in school
● Wants help managing her time
● Needs support with good sleep hygiene
● Needs support with long-term anxieties + stresses
(e.g. looking for summer internships)
● Wants to learn stress management techniques she can integrate
into her life - especially during the high-stress moments
Persona - Natalie S.
63. In groups, evaluate TAB:
EVALUATE TAB
6
3
● Move to the table with the two principles you are interested in focusing on for the rest of the
workshop
● Review the definitions and guiding questions of the two principles on your table
● Ask yourselves:
○ “Does TAB answer these guiding questions?”
○ “How well does TAB answer these questions?”
○ “Where is the evidence for TAB’s success/failure in answering these questions?”
● Capture your responses and prepare to share back with the group
30
minutes
Breakout Session Record your ideas Prepare to discuss
66. In groups, reimagine TAB:
EVALUATE TAB
6
6
Select one of the two principles from your table
● Utilizing its definition and guiding questions, reimagine either a screen, a feature, or the
whole experience!
● The goal is the application of the principle, so be sure to justify any reimagine in relation to the
principle you chose
● Prepare to share with the group using whichever method your group is most comfortable with (e.g.
storyboards, annotations, dance, anything)
Breakout Session Record your ideas Prepare to discuss
30
minutes
69. In helping to facilitate long-term behaviour change, think beyond psychological
barriers. Consider biological and especially environmental factors.
If charged with implementing features/functionality that hope to result in long-term
behaviour change of an individual, think beyond usability.
Reference behaviour change principles for guidance but remember, principles
and theories (and their implementation) are never static.
Behaviour change is supplemental to usability + accessibility.
Remember people experience products and services across a journey of
pre-onboarding, onboarding, daily usage, and growth/beyond. Try to understand
where an individual is and adjust the principle (or implementation of the principle)
accordingly.
KEY THINGS TO REMEMBER
69
Copyright Emids 2022 |
SUMMARY AND REFLECTIONS
Summary
70. What do you want to share?
Please complete your feedback form so we can learn and improve
from everyone’s experience.
WHAT DID YOU TAKE AWAY?
70
Copyright Emids 2022 |
SUMMARY AND REFLECTIONS
Reflections
71. Influences
The behavior change technique taxonomy of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques (BCT 93)
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior
Technology Acceptance Model
Behavioral Intervention Technology Model
Persuasive Systems Design by H. Oinas-Kukkonen, M. Harjumaa
Gameful Design Heuristics by G. Tondello
Octalysis Framework for Gamification & Behavioral Design, by Y-k. Chou
Books and Articles
Macadamian Technologies (2021) Is Your App Conducive to Behaviour Change? A Novel Heuristic Evaluation
Macadamian Technologies (2021) Why Digital Apps Fail
71
Copyright Emids 2022 |
SUMMARY AND REFLECTIONS
References
72. Thank you
72
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Akash Radia
aradia@macadamian.com
Jennifer Fraser
jennifer.fraser@macadamian.com
73. 73
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Akash’s version (if he’s presenting)
PRACTICE CONTEXT
Deep-dive into 3 Principles
74. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
7
4
01
Trust, Credibility
& Transparency
Products/services should collect data in good faith, be worthy of the person’s trust,
transparent about what data is collected, and why.
BEST INITIATED IN
PRE-ONBOARDING
PRIMARY QUESTION
Can I Trust You?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Is data collection justified and are the reasons for data collection clearly explained?
2. Is the product/service credible/provided by a credible source? (e.g., done in
collaboration with experts in the field, FDA approved, or the way the information is
asked should match people’s existing mental models such as how a specialist would
ask)
3. Is it clear to the person that their data is cared for and the data coming from the
product or service is trustworthy?
75. 75
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Data is cared for + data from the app is trustworthy
Data collection is
justified (and users
can opt-out)
Product has credibility
76. 04
Education
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
7
6
People understand how the tasks and information in the product or service relate to
their outcome. Sometimes it is not clear how an ask in the product or service can
benefit the user. The product or service should keep the person informed, highlighting
how what they are doing benefits them. Education is important not only for behaviour
change, but also to shift people’s attitudes towards the change and process.
BEST INITIATED IN
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are you empowering me with the knowledge I need to reach my outcome?
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there educational/informational components?
2. Does the product or service highlight the relationship between tasks and outcome?
3. Is the information easily consumable?
DAILY USAGE
77. 77
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Educational
components are
present
Link between task
and outcome
Educational content
is digestible
78. 10
Human
Connection
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PRINCIPLES
7
8
The product or service should satisfy people’s need of human connection. Human
connection may be achieved directly by connecting with others, and indirectly by
learning about their experiences without being digitally connected to them. Human
connection elements should afford learning from stories, opportunities for
competition/group activities, support/mentorship and social commitment.
BEST INITIATED IN
PRIMARY QUESTION
Are there others? (Am I not alone?)
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Are there direct and/or indirect human/social connection components?
2. Is the person in charge of the manner and/or degree of social connection?
3. Are the social components conducive to the outcome?
ONBOARDING
79. 79
Copyright Emids 2022 |
Human connect available + optional + conducive to outcome -
in this case, managing the mental challenges with a disease