The presentation given by Professor Susanna Esposito at ECCMID 2019. A view on vaccines recommendations, combined vaccinations and impact of vaccination practices in the eradication of major infectious diseases.
To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org
Evolution of Immunization Programme in India with recent updateRama shankar
The document provides information on India's National Immunization Programme and recent advances in information technology used to support immunization efforts. It discusses the timeline of vaccination efforts in India from ancient times to the present day. Key aspects of the current National Immunization Programme are outlined, including microplanning, the cold chain system, immunization coverage, monitoring of adverse events following immunization, and online support systems. Recent initiatives to strengthen immunization and advances in technologies are also summarized.
This document provides a recommended adult immunization schedule by vaccine and age group for the United States from October 2004 to September 2005. It lists various vaccines including tetanus, diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis A & B, measles/mumps/rubella, varicella, and meningococcal vaccines. It provides guidance on dosage amounts and time intervals for administration of these vaccines to adults aged 19 and older, based on their age group and risk factors. Footnotes provide additional details on specific vaccine recommendations.
The document summarizes the history of polio vaccination efforts including the development of the inactivated Salk vaccine in 1955 and the live oral Sabin vaccine in 1961. It describes the World Health Organization's goal in 1988 to eradicate polio globally by 2000 through vaccination campaigns. It provides details about India's Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization program launched in 1995 and national immunization days, highlighting challenges in reaching all children.
The document discusses whether the BCG vaccine protects against COVID-19. It provides background on the BCG vaccine, which was introduced in 1921 and is part of India's universal immunization program. There is evidence that BCG vaccination prevents some respiratory infections in children and the elderly, but the WHO states there is currently no evidence it protects against COVID-19. Two ongoing clinical trials in Australia and the Netherlands aim to determine if BCG vaccination reduces COVID-19 incidence in healthcare workers. More research is still needed before conclusions can be drawn about BCG vaccine protection against COVID-19.
- Some adults were never vaccinated as children and immunity can fade over time, making adults more susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. Newer vaccines have also become available.
- Adult immunization recommendations include vaccines for influenza, pneumococcus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis A/B, herpes zoster, and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis based on age, risk factors and other criteria.
- Vaccinating adults can contribute to herd immunity and help reduce the burden of adult vaccine-preventable diseases.
Evolution of Immunization Programme in India with recent updateRama shankar
The document provides information on India's National Immunization Programme and recent advances in information technology used to support immunization efforts. It discusses the timeline of vaccination efforts in India from ancient times to the present day. Key aspects of the current National Immunization Programme are outlined, including microplanning, the cold chain system, immunization coverage, monitoring of adverse events following immunization, and online support systems. Recent initiatives to strengthen immunization and advances in technologies are also summarized.
This document provides a recommended adult immunization schedule by vaccine and age group for the United States from October 2004 to September 2005. It lists various vaccines including tetanus, diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis A & B, measles/mumps/rubella, varicella, and meningococcal vaccines. It provides guidance on dosage amounts and time intervals for administration of these vaccines to adults aged 19 and older, based on their age group and risk factors. Footnotes provide additional details on specific vaccine recommendations.
The document summarizes the history of polio vaccination efforts including the development of the inactivated Salk vaccine in 1955 and the live oral Sabin vaccine in 1961. It describes the World Health Organization's goal in 1988 to eradicate polio globally by 2000 through vaccination campaigns. It provides details about India's Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization program launched in 1995 and national immunization days, highlighting challenges in reaching all children.
The document discusses whether the BCG vaccine protects against COVID-19. It provides background on the BCG vaccine, which was introduced in 1921 and is part of India's universal immunization program. There is evidence that BCG vaccination prevents some respiratory infections in children and the elderly, but the WHO states there is currently no evidence it protects against COVID-19. Two ongoing clinical trials in Australia and the Netherlands aim to determine if BCG vaccination reduces COVID-19 incidence in healthcare workers. More research is still needed before conclusions can be drawn about BCG vaccine protection against COVID-19.
- Some adults were never vaccinated as children and immunity can fade over time, making adults more susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. Newer vaccines have also become available.
- Adult immunization recommendations include vaccines for influenza, pneumococcus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis A/B, herpes zoster, and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis based on age, risk factors and other criteria.
- Vaccinating adults can contribute to herd immunity and help reduce the burden of adult vaccine-preventable diseases.
Indian academy of pediatrics (iap) recommended immunizationmandar haval
The document summarizes the revised recommendations of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (IAP ACVIP) for the 2014 immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years in India. Some of the major changes in the 2014 schedule include: recommending two doses of MMR vaccine at 9 and 15 months of age; a single dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine; inclusion of typhoid conjugate vaccine for primary immunization from 9-12 months; and recommending two doses of HPV vaccines with a minimum interval of 6 months for adolescent/preadolescent girls aged 9-14 years. The revisions were made following an IAP ACVIP meeting to review recent evidence on
Professor Ray Borrow, Head of the Vaccine Evaluation Unit of the Health Protection Agency. Given that prevention in better than cure, Professor Borrow provided an insightful round-up of where we are with vaccination against meningitis and septicaemia. Professor Borrow looked not only at the current vaccine programme in the UK, but also future challenges and vaccination in the developing world, particularly in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt in Africa where disease can affect tens of thousands of people during epidemics years.
Immunization in adults, geriatrics and paediatrics.Milancpatel
This document provides information on immunization in adults, geriatrics, and pediatrics. It discusses what immunization is, the history of vaccination including key figures like Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, vaccine-preventable diseases, and recommended vaccination schedules for adults, pregnant women, infants, and children. It also covers vaccination considerations for immunocompromised individuals and provides dos and don'ts for vaccine handling, administration, and vaccination during pregnancy.
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure infants, children, and mothers have access to routinely recommended vaccines. The EPI aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from six vaccine-preventable diseases - tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles. Specific goals include immunizing all children against these diseases and eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus. The program conducts routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, and disease surveillance.
The document discusses adult immunization strategies in India. It notes there is a lack of consensus on optimal adult immunization strategies in developing countries like India due to a lack of reliable epidemiological data, efficacy and safety data of vaccination strategies, and data on monitoring immunization adequacy. The document provides guidance on recommended vaccines for different adult groups and schedules for vaccines including tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HPV, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, herpes zoster and pneumococcal vaccines.
This document provides information on various vaccines used in India's national immunization schedule. It defines key terms related to immunization and vaccination. The national schedule recommends vaccines for diseases like tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, measles, and others to be administered to infants and children at specific ages. Details are provided on vaccine names, ingredients, dosage, administration route and effectiveness. The history and achievements of immunization programs in India and globally are also summarized.
This document summarizes research on vaccination in children with chronic diseases. It discusses issues with influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations in high-risk groups. It reviews studies examining the immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in various chronic conditions like asthma, cancer, and immunosuppression. It also discusses gaps in knowledge around the impact of influenza in different at-risk groups and the need for more data on vaccine immunogenicity, safety and efficacy in each high-risk population. The document emphasizes the importance of recommending influenza vaccination for children with chronic diseases and implementing strategies to increase vaccination coverage.
AAC Family Wellness (NY) - Vaccine Talk 2014stellablue
This document provides information about vaccines to help parents make informed choices. It discusses the history of vaccines and the rising vaccination schedule. Some key facts presented include that immune systems are not mature at birth and vaccines contain neurotoxins. Statistics are provided showing rising rates of chronic illnesses in children. The effectiveness and safety of certain vaccines is questioned. Natural immunity is compared to acquired immunity from vaccines. The document encourages examining risks and benefits of individual vaccines and knowing your legal rights to exemptions.
Pentavalent vaccine introduction in immunization programme in IndiaVikky3
This document provides operational guidelines for introducing the pentavalent vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), into India's routine childhood immunization program. It discusses the diseases caused by Hib, the formulation and administration of the pentavalent vaccine, its safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. It also covers storage and handling guidelines, the vaccination schedule, and issues related to introducing the new vaccine. The pentavalent vaccine will replace standalone DPT and hepatitis B vaccines and is expected to reduce Hib-related mortality and morbidity in Indian children under five years of age.
This document discusses adult immunization. It defines active and passive immunization. Adult immunization is recommended to build on childhood immunization programs and target new vaccines. It recommends several vaccines for adults in India including Tdap, MMR, varicella, HPV, hepatitis A&B, pneumococcal, influenza, and meningococcal vaccines. It provides details on vaccine types, schedules, indications, and administration practices. Adult immunization can help prevent disease and build upon India's success in eradicating smallpox and reducing other diseases through childhood immunization.
The document outlines India's national immunization schedule, including the recommended ages, immunization agents, number of doses, and routes of administration for infants, children, pregnant women, and booster doses. It recommends vaccines for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, BCG, measles, and typhoid at various stages from 6 weeks to 16 years. The schedule aims to provide protective immunity from vaccine-preventable diseases according to age-appropriate guidelines.
The document discusses adult immunization and summarizes recommendations for various vaccines. It provides an overview of the history and pioneers of immunization like Jenner and Pasteur. Data is presented showing the success of vaccines in reducing cases of diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, and invasive pneumococcal disease. Recommendations are outlined for vaccines including influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis A/B, meningococcal, MMR, HPV, Tdap, herpes zoster and others. Contraindications and special populations are also mentioned.
The document discusses primary health care in the Philippines, focusing on family health programs. It describes the objectives of maternal health, family planning, child health, and immunization programs, which aim to improve health outcomes for families and reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Key activities include antenatal care, contraceptive services, newborn screening tests, and vaccinations through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).
This document discusses immunization and provides information on key terms, schedules, coverage rates, and barriers. It defines immunization as stimulating the immune system through antigens to induce immunity. The national immunization schedule in India is outlined which recommends vaccines for pregnant women, infants, and children at specific ages and doses. Coverage rates from 1985 to 2008 show improvements. Barriers to immunization mentioned include physical barriers like waiting time as well as socio-cultural factors. Herd immunity is described as resistance to disease spread when few members are susceptible.
BCG vaccination involves administering an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis to induce artificial primary infection and increase immune response against tuberculosis. It has been shown to reduce mortality from TB by 71% and risk of infection by 51% according to case control studies. Effectiveness can vary based on factors like exposure, vaccine strain, age administered, and recipient nutrition status. Common side effects include local ulceration and lymphadenitis in 1-10% of cases. Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid is an alternative but not widely used in India due to cost and compliance issues.
Immunization, types of vaccines and National immunization ScheduleJagan Kumar Ojha
This document provides information about immunization and the national immunization schedule in India. It discusses that immunization protects against life-threatening infectious diseases by stimulating the body's immune system. The national immunization program in India provides free vaccines against 11 diseases. The schedule recommends vaccines at different ages from birth through adolescence, including BCG, rotavirus, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, measles, rubella, and Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Contraindications for vaccination include high fever, previous severe reaction, immunosuppressive conditions, or cancer treatment.
This document discusses the introduction of two new meningococcal immunization programs in England, including vaccination against meningococcal group B disease. It provides data on trends in meningococcal disease cases over time, outlines the age distribution of invasive meningococcal disease, and discusses the role of serogroup B vaccines in the UK. It summarizes evidence from clinical trials demonstrating the immunogenicity and tolerability of the MenB vaccine Bexsero, and reviews data showing that prophylactic paracetamol can reduce fever following vaccination without impacting the vaccine's immunogenicity.
This document discusses Pakistan's Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). It began in 1976 with the goal of preventing six major childhood diseases. However, Pakistan has yet to reach targets for polio eradication and measles. The document outlines the EPI vaccination schedule, types of vaccines including live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, and toxoid vaccines. It also discusses the importance of maintaining the cold chain for vaccine storage and transportation from manufacture to use.
This document provides information about polio and polio vaccines. It discusses the history and epidemiology of poliovirus and poliomyelitis disease. It also describes the different poliovirus vaccines including inactivated polio vaccine and oral polio vaccine, vaccination schedules for routine and catch-up vaccination, and special considerations for vaccination of adults and immunocompromised individuals. Global polio eradication efforts are also summarized. Additional CDC resources on polio and polio vaccination are provided.
Indian academy of pediatrics (iap) recommended immunizationmandar haval
The document summarizes the revised recommendations of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (IAP ACVIP) for the 2014 immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years in India. Some of the major changes in the 2014 schedule include: recommending two doses of MMR vaccine at 9 and 15 months of age; a single dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine; inclusion of typhoid conjugate vaccine for primary immunization from 9-12 months; and recommending two doses of HPV vaccines with a minimum interval of 6 months for adolescent/preadolescent girls aged 9-14 years. The revisions were made following an IAP ACVIP meeting to review recent evidence on
Professor Ray Borrow, Head of the Vaccine Evaluation Unit of the Health Protection Agency. Given that prevention in better than cure, Professor Borrow provided an insightful round-up of where we are with vaccination against meningitis and septicaemia. Professor Borrow looked not only at the current vaccine programme in the UK, but also future challenges and vaccination in the developing world, particularly in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt in Africa where disease can affect tens of thousands of people during epidemics years.
Immunization in adults, geriatrics and paediatrics.Milancpatel
This document provides information on immunization in adults, geriatrics, and pediatrics. It discusses what immunization is, the history of vaccination including key figures like Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, vaccine-preventable diseases, and recommended vaccination schedules for adults, pregnant women, infants, and children. It also covers vaccination considerations for immunocompromised individuals and provides dos and don'ts for vaccine handling, administration, and vaccination during pregnancy.
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure infants, children, and mothers have access to routinely recommended vaccines. The EPI aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from six vaccine-preventable diseases - tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles. Specific goals include immunizing all children against these diseases and eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus. The program conducts routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, and disease surveillance.
The document discusses adult immunization strategies in India. It notes there is a lack of consensus on optimal adult immunization strategies in developing countries like India due to a lack of reliable epidemiological data, efficacy and safety data of vaccination strategies, and data on monitoring immunization adequacy. The document provides guidance on recommended vaccines for different adult groups and schedules for vaccines including tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HPV, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, herpes zoster and pneumococcal vaccines.
This document provides information on various vaccines used in India's national immunization schedule. It defines key terms related to immunization and vaccination. The national schedule recommends vaccines for diseases like tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, measles, and others to be administered to infants and children at specific ages. Details are provided on vaccine names, ingredients, dosage, administration route and effectiveness. The history and achievements of immunization programs in India and globally are also summarized.
This document summarizes research on vaccination in children with chronic diseases. It discusses issues with influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations in high-risk groups. It reviews studies examining the immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in various chronic conditions like asthma, cancer, and immunosuppression. It also discusses gaps in knowledge around the impact of influenza in different at-risk groups and the need for more data on vaccine immunogenicity, safety and efficacy in each high-risk population. The document emphasizes the importance of recommending influenza vaccination for children with chronic diseases and implementing strategies to increase vaccination coverage.
AAC Family Wellness (NY) - Vaccine Talk 2014stellablue
This document provides information about vaccines to help parents make informed choices. It discusses the history of vaccines and the rising vaccination schedule. Some key facts presented include that immune systems are not mature at birth and vaccines contain neurotoxins. Statistics are provided showing rising rates of chronic illnesses in children. The effectiveness and safety of certain vaccines is questioned. Natural immunity is compared to acquired immunity from vaccines. The document encourages examining risks and benefits of individual vaccines and knowing your legal rights to exemptions.
Pentavalent vaccine introduction in immunization programme in IndiaVikky3
This document provides operational guidelines for introducing the pentavalent vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), into India's routine childhood immunization program. It discusses the diseases caused by Hib, the formulation and administration of the pentavalent vaccine, its safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. It also covers storage and handling guidelines, the vaccination schedule, and issues related to introducing the new vaccine. The pentavalent vaccine will replace standalone DPT and hepatitis B vaccines and is expected to reduce Hib-related mortality and morbidity in Indian children under five years of age.
This document discusses adult immunization. It defines active and passive immunization. Adult immunization is recommended to build on childhood immunization programs and target new vaccines. It recommends several vaccines for adults in India including Tdap, MMR, varicella, HPV, hepatitis A&B, pneumococcal, influenza, and meningococcal vaccines. It provides details on vaccine types, schedules, indications, and administration practices. Adult immunization can help prevent disease and build upon India's success in eradicating smallpox and reducing other diseases through childhood immunization.
The document outlines India's national immunization schedule, including the recommended ages, immunization agents, number of doses, and routes of administration for infants, children, pregnant women, and booster doses. It recommends vaccines for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, BCG, measles, and typhoid at various stages from 6 weeks to 16 years. The schedule aims to provide protective immunity from vaccine-preventable diseases according to age-appropriate guidelines.
The document discusses adult immunization and summarizes recommendations for various vaccines. It provides an overview of the history and pioneers of immunization like Jenner and Pasteur. Data is presented showing the success of vaccines in reducing cases of diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, and invasive pneumococcal disease. Recommendations are outlined for vaccines including influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis A/B, meningococcal, MMR, HPV, Tdap, herpes zoster and others. Contraindications and special populations are also mentioned.
The document discusses primary health care in the Philippines, focusing on family health programs. It describes the objectives of maternal health, family planning, child health, and immunization programs, which aim to improve health outcomes for families and reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Key activities include antenatal care, contraceptive services, newborn screening tests, and vaccinations through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).
This document discusses immunization and provides information on key terms, schedules, coverage rates, and barriers. It defines immunization as stimulating the immune system through antigens to induce immunity. The national immunization schedule in India is outlined which recommends vaccines for pregnant women, infants, and children at specific ages and doses. Coverage rates from 1985 to 2008 show improvements. Barriers to immunization mentioned include physical barriers like waiting time as well as socio-cultural factors. Herd immunity is described as resistance to disease spread when few members are susceptible.
BCG vaccination involves administering an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis to induce artificial primary infection and increase immune response against tuberculosis. It has been shown to reduce mortality from TB by 71% and risk of infection by 51% according to case control studies. Effectiveness can vary based on factors like exposure, vaccine strain, age administered, and recipient nutrition status. Common side effects include local ulceration and lymphadenitis in 1-10% of cases. Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid is an alternative but not widely used in India due to cost and compliance issues.
Immunization, types of vaccines and National immunization ScheduleJagan Kumar Ojha
This document provides information about immunization and the national immunization schedule in India. It discusses that immunization protects against life-threatening infectious diseases by stimulating the body's immune system. The national immunization program in India provides free vaccines against 11 diseases. The schedule recommends vaccines at different ages from birth through adolescence, including BCG, rotavirus, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, measles, rubella, and Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Contraindications for vaccination include high fever, previous severe reaction, immunosuppressive conditions, or cancer treatment.
This document discusses the introduction of two new meningococcal immunization programs in England, including vaccination against meningococcal group B disease. It provides data on trends in meningococcal disease cases over time, outlines the age distribution of invasive meningococcal disease, and discusses the role of serogroup B vaccines in the UK. It summarizes evidence from clinical trials demonstrating the immunogenicity and tolerability of the MenB vaccine Bexsero, and reviews data showing that prophylactic paracetamol can reduce fever following vaccination without impacting the vaccine's immunogenicity.
This document discusses Pakistan's Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). It began in 1976 with the goal of preventing six major childhood diseases. However, Pakistan has yet to reach targets for polio eradication and measles. The document outlines the EPI vaccination schedule, types of vaccines including live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, and toxoid vaccines. It also discusses the importance of maintaining the cold chain for vaccine storage and transportation from manufacture to use.
This document provides information about polio and polio vaccines. It discusses the history and epidemiology of poliovirus and poliomyelitis disease. It also describes the different poliovirus vaccines including inactivated polio vaccine and oral polio vaccine, vaccination schedules for routine and catch-up vaccination, and special considerations for vaccination of adults and immunocompromised individuals. Global polio eradication efforts are also summarized. Additional CDC resources on polio and polio vaccination are provided.
The document discusses the WHO's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and key concepts regarding immunization schedules. It provides details on:
- The history and objectives of EPI in reducing childhood deaths from six preventable diseases including diphtheria, pertussis and measles.
- The components of an immunization schedule including recommended ages for vaccines, number of doses, and principles of protecting children rapidly while adhering to minimum WHO standards and tailoring to local disease patterns.
- Kenya's EPI program (KEPI) which aims to fully immunize all children by one year through routine immunization, maintaining cold chain, and increasing coverage through outreach.
The document discusses the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) which aims to make vaccines available to all children worldwide. It was launched by the WHO in 1974 to immunize against six preventable diseases. The EPI schedule in Pakistan aims to reduce mortality from seven target diseases by vaccinating children aged 0-11 months and women of childbearing age. Vaccines included in the schedule are BCG, OPV, DPT, measles, and more recently pneumococcal vaccine. The goals of EPI in Pakistan include achieving 100% coverage with all vaccines, eliminating polio and measles, and reducing disease incidence. Progress has been made through improved routine immunization, campaigns, and strengthening of surveillance, cold chain
The British Islamic Medical Association recommends the COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca for eligible individuals in the Muslim community for protection against COVID-19 when used in accordance with regulatory approval. They note efficacy was shown to be 70.42% with mostly mild adverse reactions reported. While vaccines are now available, vigilance with preventive measures like masks and distancing remain important given continued high transmission rates disproportionately impacting ethnic minorities.
Dr. Pradeep Katwal presented on adult immunization. He discussed how vaccines have led to the eradication of smallpox and near eradication of diseases like diphtheria. He reviewed the immunological basis of vaccines and highlighted various vaccines recommended for adults including influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis A/B, HPV and herpes zoster vaccines. Adult immunization is important to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases and protect high risk groups.
This document is a presentation on vaccines that was created by Sana Shaikh for a class. It includes an index listing the topics covered which are an introduction to vaccines, the history of vaccines including the work of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, the production process for vaccines, and applications of specific vaccines for measles, polio, typhoid, hepatitis B, tetanus, and current research on vaccine adherence. The presentation provides overviews of the different vaccines discussed, including dosing schedules, and ends with a list of references.
Influenza vaccination and prevention of antimicrobial resistance - Slides by ...WAidid
The lecture presented by Professor Susanna Esposito at AMR 2019 on influenza vaccination and abuse of available antimicrobials.
To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org.
Vaccination during Pregnancy & its Importance : Dr Sharda JainLifecare Centre
This document discusses the importance of vaccination during pregnancy. Some key points:
- Global and national health authorities recommend vaccines for influenza, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis during pregnancy to protect both mother and baby. Maternal immunization provides passive immunity to newborns.
- Pregnant women and young infants are especially vulnerable to certain infections. Vaccination of mothers during pregnancy is the most effective strategy to protect newborns who are too young for certain vaccines.
- Clinical trials have shown vaccines such as the Tdap and influenza vaccines to be generally safe and effective for pregnant women and their infants. Maternal immunization has significantly reduced disease in newborns for illnesses like
Vaccination and immunisation jane renton - principal pharmacist - nhs lothianNES
This document discusses vaccination and immunization. It provides a brief history of vaccination from Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796 to modern vaccines. Key terms like vaccination, immunization, active immunity, and passive immunity are defined. The goals and benefits of vaccination programs are outlined, including herd immunity. Challenges to vaccination like misinformation, access issues, and cold chain management are also summarized.
Handbook on adult_immunization_2009_(contents)raissa_09
The document provides information on vaccines for adult Filipinos. It includes general principles of vaccination, descriptions of various vaccine-preventable diseases, and information on 13 different vaccines. The committee members and table of contents are listed, and there are sections on vaccine storage, side effects, contraindications, and an appendix with disease trend graphs and vaccine information tables.
This document provides an overview and updates on various adult vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). It discusses vaccines for influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, Tdap, HPV, meningococcal disease, hepatitis A, and varicella. For each vaccine, it outlines the populations recommended to receive it, dosing schedules, and special considerations for immunocompromised individuals. The presentation emphasizes the importance of adult vaccinations in preventing disease and highlights changes to recommendations for the 2013-2014 season.
Bacterial vaccines have helped eliminate or reduce several infectious diseases. Common bacterial vaccines protect against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pneumococcal disease, Hib, meningococcal meningitis, typhoid, cholera and more. Vaccines work through active immunization by vaccination or passive immunization using antibodies. Ongoing research continues to develop new vaccines and improve vaccine effectiveness.
1. The document discusses immunization and the cold chain system for transporting and storing vaccines. It defines immunization and describes the different types including passive and active immunization.
2. The cold chain is described as the system used to transport and store vaccines within recommended temperature ranges from manufacture to point of use. Proper storage and transport using equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators is important to maintain vaccine potency.
3. The national immunization schedule in India and the vaccines provided under the Universal Immunization Program are summarized, including BCG, DPT, OPV, measles, hepatitis B, and TT vaccines aimed at preventing various diseases.
The document discusses immunization and the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). It defines immunization and describes the two types: passive and active immunization. It provides details on passive immunization, which provides immediate protection without challenging the immune system, and active immunization, which develops resistance by activating the immune system. The document then discusses EPI, including its scope, objectives, vaccines used in Somalia under EPI, and the recommended immunization schedule. It also covers important aspects like herd immunity, types of vaccines, cold chain storage and transport, and vaccine vial monitors.
This document provides information about India's National Immunization Programme (UIP). It discusses the targeted vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs), the history and objectives of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) and Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). It outlines the national immunization schedule, components of UIP including vaccination of pregnant women and children, and strategies to achieve coverage goals. Coverage levels from surveys are presented. The document also discusses vaccine administration techniques for different vaccines.
Similar to Designing vaccines for specific populations and germs - Slides by Professor Esposito (20)
POINT-of-IMPACT testing. A European perspective - Bert NiestersWAidid
This document discusses point-of-care and point-of-impact molecular diagnostic testing from a European perspective. It describes how molecular diagnostics is moving towards more commercial multiplex assays and automation. Near-patient testing provides results faster but challenges include defining quality indicators for new rapid assays and ensuring clinical relevance. Standards like ISO15189 and ISO22870 provide guidelines for quality control of centralized and decentralized testing. The changing regulatory landscape in Europe aims to improve safety and transparency for in vitro diagnostics.
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor EdwardsWAidid
In this study Professor Kathryn M. Edwards (Sarah H. Sell and Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Vanderbilt University Medical Center) provides an update on measles and its prevention.
To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org!
Is the use of antibiotics necessary in the treatment of diarrhoea?WAidid
The document discusses the use of antibiotics in the treatment of diarrhea. It presents several case studies of children with diarrhea and asks participants to vote on whether they would prescribe antibiotics. It finds that antibiotics are often not necessary for treatment of diarrhea and can promote antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics may be useful for severe cases caused by certain pathogens like cholera or Shigella. The cornerstone of treatment is rehydration, while antibiotics should be reserved for targeted situations to avoid furthering the global crisis of antibiotic resistance.
Are we running out of antibiotics? - Slideset by Professor EspositoWAidid
How does antibiotic resistance happen?
This work, edited by the professor Susanna Esposito, tries to answer this question underlining the importance of prescribing the right drug with the right dose and duration, to avoid any kind of abuse that may cause or increase antibiotic resistance.
To learn more please visit www.waidid.org
Mandatory vaccinations: the italian experience - Slideset by Professor EspositoWAidid
Every year 2.5 million lives are saved by vaccines. In this slideset Professor Susanna Esposito gives an overview on the vaccine coverage in Italy, including the latest laws on mandatory and recommended vaccines.
To learn more please visit www.waidid.org
Efficacy differences between PCV10 and PCV13 - Slideset by Professors Esposit...WAidid
This slideset edited by Professors Esposito, Palmu, De Wals and Sanders for the Second WAidid Congress present some studies that compare in different countries (including Finland, Sweden, Quebec and the Netherlands) efficacy differences between PCV10 and PCV13.
To learn more please visit www.waidid.org
Efficacy and safety of immunomodulators in pediatric age - Slideset by Profes...WAidid
«The first cause of recurrent infections in children is... childhood itself.» (J. Gary Wheeler)
Is it possibe to treat and prevent recurrent respiratory infections (RTIs) in pediatric age? Some studies have shown that immunostimulants/immunomodulators can reduce and prevent RTIs in children.
To learn more please visit www.waidid.org
The importance of pertussis booster vaccine doses throughout life - Slideset ...WAidid
Pertussis is still a worldwide problem: every year there are almost 20-50 million cases and 300.000 deaths.
The incidence is increasing especially between adults and adolescents, with consequences on infants. For this reason, the increasing of a vaccination strategy for adolescent and adult is needed...
To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org.
Vaccination in immunosuppressed adults - Slideset by professor Katie FlanaganWAidid
1. Vaccination is important for immunosuppressed adults as they are at higher risk of infection from vaccine preventable diseases. Live vaccines should generally be avoided due to risk of infection, while inactivated vaccines are usually safe but may be less effective.
2. The degree and type of immunosuppression must be considered to determine the appropriate vaccination strategy. Those with conditions like cancer, HIV, organ transplants, and high dose corticosteroids may have limitations on live and inactivated vaccines.
3. Influenza vaccination is recommended annually for all immunosuppressed adults. Other common vaccines include pneumococcal, tetanus, hepatitis B, and human papillomavirus depending on the individual's
Potential advantages of booster containing PCV regimen - Professor Shabir MadhiWAidid
This slideset, realized by Professor Shabir Madhi on the occasion of the 11th ISPPD held in Melbourne last April, evaluates the potential advantages of booster containing PCV dosing schedule.
To learn more, visit www.waidid.org!
Considerations against the new shorter MDR-TB regimen - Prof. G. B. MiglioriWAidid
Este documento discute los límites del régimen acortado de tratamiento para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente y la importancia de realizar pruebas de sensibilidad a medicamentos antes del tratamiento. Analiza datos de cohortes en Europa y América Latina que muestran que menos del 12% de los pacientes con tuberculosis farmacorresistente son elegibles para el régimen acortado debido a la alta prevalencia de resistencia a medicamentos. Concluye que los tratamientos no deben prescribirse ciegamente sin pruebas de sensibilidad y que una gestión basada en
Group 5 drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - Slideset...WAidid
Este documento discute la evidencia sobre el uso de fármacos del "grupo 5" en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis resistente en niños y adultos. Presenta algunos casos clínicos para ilustrar el uso de estos fármacos. Revisa la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia y tolerabilidad de fármacos como delamanid, ethionamide, clofazimine, amikacin, linezolid y otros. También discute cuestiones abiertas como el uso combinado de delamanid y bedaquilina. Finalmente, presenta nueva evid
Lymphogranuloma venereum - Professor Ivan HungWAidid
In the following slides, professor Ivan Hung (WAidid board member) report a case of Lymphogranuloma Venereum and a short review of its possible source of infection, in order not to understimate the risk of infections, mainly in promiscuous behavioural context.
To learn more, visit www.waidid.org.
Bacterial and bacterial-like sepsis in children - Susanna Esposito WAidid
How to detect and prevent bacterial and bacterial-like sepsis in children and adolescents? Professor Susanna Esposito presents in this slideset data on epidemiology, etiology and mortality rates of pediatrical sepsis, and then discusses the possible treatment and the more efficient way of preventing the burden of pediatric sepsis.
To learn more, visit www.waidid.org.
Guidelines on the management of cystic fibrosis in the adult - Professor Fran...WAidid
1) Forecasts indicate the number of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Europe will increase by 50% by 2025, with the number of CF adults rising by 75% primarily due to children transitioning to adulthood.
2) Managing CF in adults requires consideration of transition from pediatric to adult care, treatment adherence, psychosocial support, late diagnoses, lung transplantation, and end-of-life care.
3) Adult CF care is best provided by pulmonologists in specialized centers treating a minimum of 100 patients, with patients reviewed regularly like every 2-3 months. Establishing accredited training and a core curriculum can help providers meet the evolving needs of adults with CF.
Katie Flanagan - Malaria vaccines current status and challengesWAidid
Vaccines are considered the most cost-effective means of control, prevention, elimination, eradication of infectious diseases: for this reason, a malaria vaccine would greatly assist in the drive to eradicate malaria from the world. Professor Flanagan presents in this slideset the current status and challenges of developing malaria vaccines.
To learn more, visit www.waidid.org!
New perspectives in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - Profe...WAidid
The slideset offers an overview of MDR-TB: the epidemiology, the efficacy of the available treatments, and the new perspectives in the management of the pathology.
The slideset underlines, moreover, the existence of a free cost online instrument developed by ERS together with WHO to help clinician from all Europe to manage difficult-to-treat TB cases: TB Consilium.
Indicators of acute otitis media severity - Prof. Tal MaromWAidid
The slideset of professor Marom investigates the possibility and ways to establish the severity of AOM and focuses on the differences between pneumococcal vs non-pneumococcal AOM.
FInd more on www.waidid.org
The role of macrolide in the era of antimicrobial resistance - Professor Susa...WAidid
The slideset by Professor Esposito is about the emerging antimicrobial resistance and the role of macrolide in this context. The slides focus on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and macrolide resistance, explaining the practical implications for real life.
Neurological and Autoimmune Complications of Zika Virus infection - Slideset ...WAidid
The slideset by Professor Safadi analyses the case control study providing evidence for Zika virus infection causing Guillain-Barré syndrome.
In addition to Zika Virus association with Guillain-Barré syndrome, the slides show new data from endemic areas suggesting that ZIKV may be linked to other neurological outcomes.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
6. Smallpox Eradication Timeline
Year Milestone
1959 WHA adopts goal to eradicate smallpox
-reliance on compulsory vaccination and revaccination of 80%
of the population through campaigns using freeze-dried vaccine
1966 Inadequate supplies in a West African outbreak facilitated use
of the surveillance/containment approach, after scale up in
other countries in the region smallpox disappears in 3.5 years
1967 Global Smallpox Eradication Program officially launched by
WHO
-44 countries (31 had endemic smallpox) reported 217,218
cases
1968 WHO Scientific Group promotes both mass vaccination and
surveillance/containment as “co-strategies”. India adopts
surveillance/containment.
1974 Bihar, India identifies 1500 new cases of smallpox every day
1977 Last case of naturally-acquired smallpox occurred in Merca
District of Somalia
1980 WH0 certified the world free of naturally-occurring smallpox,
routine vaccination ceased
11. Polio Vaccination Recommendations
• Sequential schedule with 2 IPV and
2 OPV in 1999-2001
• Exclusive use of IPV recommended
in 2002
• VAPP eliminated
12.
13. … at least 19
recommended UMV!
Rationale of combined vaccines in infants and toddlers - Knuf 13
14. A: universal recommendation; B: recommendation for specific cohorts; N: catch-up
Europäisches Zentrum für Krankheitskontrolle und Prävention (ECDC). Vaccine schedule. http://vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu/Pages/Scheduler.aspx (Abgerufen im April 2017)
Vaccination calendar for infants and toddlers in five
european countries
France
Germany
Italy
Spain
UK
France
Germany
Italy
Spain
UK
F
D
I
E
UK
France
Germany
Italy
Spain
UK
France
Germany
Italy
Spain
UK
France
Germany
Italy
Spain
UK
PertussisHib
Hepatitis
B
Diphtherae
Polio-
myelitisTetanus
B
B
B
A
B
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
N
N
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
N
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
N
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
N
N
N
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
up to 3 years
up to 3 years
up to 16 yeras
up to 18 years
up to 3 years
up to 7 years
up to 3 years
birth
Rationale of combined vaccines in infants and toddlers - Knuf 14
15. Perception of ‘too many’ shots may affect
vaccine coverage
• Vacc schedules require more than one shot in each
visit1
– Parents anxiety may drive them to postpone or avoid some
vaccines2
• Vaccine delay:
– Driver to receive less vaccines, especially in small infants3
– Increase infections and diseases2,3
✘
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger,
2. United States, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/child/0-18yrs-child-combined-schedule.pdf Accessed May 21, 2017.
3. Bielicki JA, et al. Vaccine. 2013;31(46):5375–5380.
4. Luman ET, et al. JAMA. 2005;293(10):1204–1211.
17. Why combinations?
• Less pain
• Simplicity of administration
• Simplicity of program
• Improved compliance
• Improved effectiveness
• Lower costs
Rationale of combined vaccines in infants and toddlers - Knuf 17
18. Potentially interactions between
vaccine components
Possible adverse consequences:
• reduced immunogenicity
• increased reactogenicity
• shortened shelf life
• complicated manufacture
Antigens
Preservative(s)
Adjuvant(s)
Contaminants
pH
Stabiliser(s) Excipient(s)
Rationale of combined vaccines in infants and toddlers - Knuf 18
20. Reduction of Hib-associated diseases in Europe
due to vaccination programs
Eskola J. Foresight in medicine: current challenges with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. J Intern Med. 2010;267(3):241-250
UK
Finland
The Netherlands
Ireland
Israel
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Years after introduction of a Hib-combined vaccine
Hib-incidence(in%)afterimplementationof
vaccinationcorrespondingtoinciidencebevor
introductionofHib-vacconation(%)
Annual incidence of Hib-associated infectious diseases after introduction
of a Hib-vaccination program
25. Czajka H et al, Vaccine 2009
…… measles antibody titer
after receipt of MMRV was
associated positively with the
rate of fever.
Use of separate MMR and
varicella vaccines averts the
slight increase in risk of
fever and febrile seizures
after MMRV
administration……..
29. Complications of Pertussis in Children
4 Years of Age in the US, 1997‒2000
Age Hospitalization Pneumonia Seizures Encephalopathy Death
No. with
Pertussis
< 6 M 4,543 847 103 15 56 7,203
6‒11 M 301 92 7 1 1 1,073
1‒4 Y 324 168 36 3 1 3,137
CDC. MMWR 2002;51(4):73‒76
32. Department of Health Sciences
University of Florence
all adolescents and adults receive the Tdap
vaccine to replace the scheduled tetanus and
diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) booster
all people who have or anticipate having
close contact with infants <12 months of age
receive a single dose of Tdap,
all immediately postpartum women who have
not previously received a Tdap vaccine
receive a dose prior to leaving the hospital.
Recommendations have now been
expanded to routinely immunize all
adults 65 years of age and older
with a single dose of Tdap;
administer a booster dose of Tdap
with each pregnancy, regardless
of interval between pregnancies,
ideally after the 20th week of
gestation.
33. Countries with cocooning recommendations
1. Australian Immunisation Handbook 9th edition 2008; Part 2.3.2, available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/Handbook-
specialgroups (accessed June 2011); 2. Kinkhoest (pertussis) – vaccinatie. Available from: http://www.zorg-en-gezondheid.be/Ziektes/Vaccinaties/Vaccins-A-Z/Kinkhoest-
%28pertussis%29---vaccinatie/ (accessed June 2011; 3. Haut conseil de la santé publique. Bulletin Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 2009;16–17:46–76; 4.
Impfempfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut/Stand: Juli 2010. Epidem Bull 2010;30:279–98; 5. New Zealand Ministry of Health
Immunisation Handbook 2011; Ch 6; 6. CDC. MMWR 2011;60:13–5; 7. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/provisional/default.htm (accessed August 2011); 8. WHO
vaccination schedule, available from: http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/en/globalsummary /ScheduleSelect.cfm (accessed June 2011)
Country with
cocooning
recommendatio
n
Country without
cocooning
recommendation
34. Department of Health Sciences
University of Florence
Hasala,2008 the results of neonatal
vaccination with DTaP vaccine in 50 infants
between 2 to 14 days of age. The
administration of an additional dose at birth
was safe and well tolerated, but was
associated with lower geometric mean
antibody concentration for toxin and pertactin
fimbrae, diphtheria
efficacia del vaccino della
vaccinati alla nascita [n: 45]
età anti-PT anti-FHA anti-PRN
3 mesi 8.7 4.3 13.0
5 mesi 41.2 29.4 70.6
6 mesi 60.9 39.5 82.6
12 mesi 87.5 42.5 85.0
Belloni C et al. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 1042-1045
pertosse somministrato alla nascita
Vaccination in the neonates
37. Immune Responses and Antibody Decay after
Immunization of Postpartum Women with Tetanus
and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis
vaccines (Tdap)
Fortner KB1, Hunter DL2, McDonald WL2,
Rock MT2, Edwards KM2
1Division Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Vanderbilt University
2Division Pediatric Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University
Are Tdap Vaccines Needed with Each Pregnancy?
38. Department of Health Sciences
University of Florence
total of 21 studies were included in this review.
OR 0.47 to 1.50 for preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation)
0.65-1.00 for small for gestational age (birth weight less than the 10th percentile)
0.36-0.85 for stillbirth
0.16-1.00 for neonatal death
0.76-1.20 for low birth weight (less than 2,500 g)
0.20-0.91 for congenital anomalies
All lower 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were less than 1.0.
Of three retrospective studies assessing chorioamnionitis after vaccination, one showed a
small but statistically significant increase.
Safety of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccination
During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.
McMillan M. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2017; 129:560-73
39. The risk groups by age of seasonal influenza
ESPID 2013 *Based on 3930 US cases from 2007-2008. Soucres: WHO, CDC; American Journal of Hygiene
40. Effect of Age on Healthcare Burden
<6 months 6–12 months 1–<3 years 3 –<5 years 5 –<15 years
Excesseventsper100children
Outpatient visits16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Courses of antibiotics
Excess treatment events in otherwise healthy children under 15 years of
age; data over 19 consecutive seasons (US)
Neuzil KM, et al. N Engl J Med 2000;342:225–31.
Age
41. Subjects(%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Acute otitis
media
Pneumonia Sinusitis Antibiotics
<3 years 3–6 years 7–13 years
Complications of influenza in different age groups, prospective cohort study, Turku, Finland, 2000–2002
Children Under 3 Years of Age are Most Likely to Develop Acute
Otitis Media and Require Antibiotics
Heikkinen T, et al. J Infect Dis 2004;190:1369–73.
42. Mortalityrate
per1,000people
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
6–23
months
2–4
years
5–9
years
10–19
years
20–49
years
50–64
years
≥ 65
years
< 6
months
Age group
Age-associated rates of influenza-related deaths; data from British Columbia, Canada, 1998–2004 influenza seasons
Mortality Rates due to Influenza and Pneumonia
Sebastian R, et al. Vaccine 2008;26:1397–1403.
Provincial and national influenza surveillance reports from the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, the Public Health
Agency of Canada’s FluWatch Program, and the Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR) were analysed from 1 Sep 1998
to 31 Aug 2004, to determine influenza-related deaths in British Columbia, Canada.
43. Season
2007/2008
Seasonal
A/H1N1
(n=126)
Season
2008/2009
Seasonal
A/H3N2
(n=486)
Season
2009/2010
Pandemic
A/H1N1
(n=389)
CLINICAL OUTCOME
Hospitalisation rate, n (%)
Duration of hospitalisation, mean days ± SD
Absence from school, mean days ± SD
4 (3.1)°*
5.1 ± 3.5°*
5.9 ± 4.7°*
79 (16.3)
7.5 ± 4.4*
7.5 ± 3.4*
51 (13.1)
9.1 ± 7.5
8.9 ± 5.3
DRUG USE, n (%)
Antibiotics
Antivirals
Antipyretics
Aerosol therapy
Steroids
99 (78.6)°
0 (0.0)*
100 (79.4)°*
30 (23.8)°*
6 (4.8)
466 (95.9)
0 (0.0)*
460 (94.6)
203 (41.8)
36 (7.4)
297 (76.3)°
16 (4.1)
383 (98.5)
157 (40.4)
23 (5.9)
°p<0.01 vs seasonal A/H3N2 influenza; *p<0.01 vs pandemic A/H1N1 influenza
Clinical Outcomes and Drug Use by Influenza A Subtypes
Esposito S, et al. J Infect 2011;63:300−7.
44. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Clinical presentation in children with
influenza A and B infection is similar
Esposito S, et al. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11: 271.
LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.
Influenza A/H1N1 (n = 143)
Influenza A/H3N2 (n = 519)
Influenza B (n = 239)
Children with influenza A/H3N2
had an higher number of LRTI,
wheezing and pneumonia than
those with influenza A/H1N1 o B
(all p < 0.05)
Percentage
45. Influenza vaccination recommendations
WHO/Europe
Recommend that member states vaccinate all individuals ≥6 months1
EU
Member states currently recommend paediatric vaccination;2,3,4
recommendations vary by country:
• 6 months to <18 years of age: Austria, Estonia and Slovakia
• 6–35 months: Finland
• 6–24 months: Slovenia, Latvia
• 24 months-10 yrs: UK
USA, Canada and PAHO countries
• US: All individuals ≥6 months of age5
• Canada: Children 6–24 months of age, and encourages all individuals ≥6
months of age to be vaccinated6
• Currently, 27 PAHO countries and territories recommend paediatric seasonal
influenza vaccination7*
46. Age group and costs (€)
Without
vaccination
With
vaccination
Total
savings
6 months to <3 years (N=140 000)
Medical costs 3 473 091 694 521 2 778 571
Vaccination program costs 0 1 057 916 -1 057 916
Health care costs 3 473 091 1 752 437 1 720 654
Travel costs 247 972 889 016 -641 043
Total direct costs 3 721 064 2 641 453 1 079 611
Productivity costs 3 355 692 1 631 008 1 724 684
Societal costs 7 076 756 4 272 461 2 804 295
Assumed vaccine efficacy 60%.
Vaccination of young children is cost-saving, investing €1 million
will save an estimated €2.8 million in societal costs
Influenza vaccination in young children is
cost effective
Salo et al. Vaccine 2006
The Finnish experience (assumed vaccine efficacy 60%)