User-centered design (UCD) focuses on the user by understanding users' needs and involving users throughout the design and development process. UCD employs techniques like personas, scenarios, and use cases to capture user requirements. Prototypes are created from low to high fidelity to design and evaluate the user interface. UCD can be integrated into the Scrum framework by applying the UCD process during each sprint to understand requirements, design solutions, and evaluate the product increment.

1. IS Design Techniques

2. Human Computer Interface
 Specialised area of software development
 User Experience (UX):
 Feedback from users
 Blend of interactions – physical

3. User Centred Design (UCD)
 UCD is designed to focus on the user, what they want to do with the product
and the environment in which the product will be used.
 The principles of the approach as:
 The process is iterative and addresses the whole user experience.
 The design is based upon an clear understanding of users, tasks and environments.
 End users are involved throughout design and development and evaluation.

4. User Centred Design (UCD)

5. User Centred Design Process

6. User Centred Design Process
 Capturing User requirements
 Develop a persona for each target user type.
 Personas are developed iteratively and their development involves users and the
design team.
 User Scenarios:
 A user scenario expands upon the user’s story by including details about how a
system might be used, the knowledge and needs of the user.
 User Case:
 A use case is a list of steps taken to perform an action, going through every step in
detail until the user completes the required operation.

7. User Interface Design

8. User Interface Design - Wireframe
 A wireframe can start out as a simple pencil sketch of a user interface. The
wireframe can be developed from a low level of detail and functionality up to
a high level of detail and functionality.
 Low-fidelity prototypes – early development, simple models based on the
users suggestions.
 High-fidelity prototypes – computer based, realistic models, as close as
possible to final prototype.

9. User Centred Design and Scrum
 User centred design provide key documents for a project based on Scrum
principals. Each sprint will execute the user-centred design cycle:
 Understand and specify context of use Developing the personas and other
elements of user requirements are carried out at an early stage of the
development. The product owner represents the views of these users.
 Specify the user and organisational requirements These requirements are
take from the sprint backlog (the work to be completed in the current sprint).
 Produce design solutions The prototyping and development of the
application UX (User experience) and UI (User interface) during the sprint.
 Evaluate designs against requirements Carried out as the application is
delivered during the sprint. The application delivered is evaluated against the
sprint backlogs.

10. What you need to know…
 Design, describe and apply key aspects of user-centred design including using
analysis tools to capture user requirements.
 Describe and develop user profiles, user personas, user stories, user scenarios
and use cases.
 Describe, explain and apply the development of user interfaces using
prototypes (from low to high fidelity including wireframes).
 The need for an application style guide is used to ensure a consistent look and
feel to an application.
 To create an initial application style guide for an application.
 User Centred Design can be applied within the Scrum methodology.