This paper presents information on AES Encryption and Decryption for multi processors. In this
paper AES algorithm is used. The AES algorithm is a round based algorithm. The round based algorithm is
used to provide security to the information. In AES algorithm there are different types of keys, they are 128,192
and 256 bits. These bits are used to encrypt and decrypt the information. In this paper 128bits are used. In this
paper the main functional blocks are key generation, encryption and decryption. In order produce a new key sub
byte, rotate word, round constant and add round key operations are used. In order to convert plain text to
cipher message the sub bytes, shift rows, mix column and add round key operations are used. By doing these
operations the cipher information is obtained. This cipher will be given to the decryption and it is the total
reverse process of encryption. After completion of reverse process the outcome is original information.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is considered as a secured algorithm. Still, some security issues lie in the S-Box and the key used. In this paper, we have tried to give focus on the security of the key used. Here, the proposed modified algorithms for the AES have been simulated and tested with different chaotic variations such as 1-D logistic chaos equation, cross chaos equation as well as combination of both. For the evaluation purpose, the CPU time has been taken as the parameter. Though the variations of AES algorithms are taking some more time as compared to the standard AES algorithm, still the variations can be taken into consideration in case of more sensitive information. As we are giving more security to
the key used for AES algorithm, our proposed algorithms are very much secured from unauthorized people.
The importance of cryptography knuckle down to the security in electronic data transmissions has gained an essential relevance during past years. Cryptography security mechanisms uses some algorithms to muddle the data into unreadable text with a key which can only be decoded/decrypted by one who has that associated key for the locked data. Cryptography techniques are of two types: Symmetric & Asymmetric. In this paper we’ve used symmetric cryptography method-Advance Encryption Standard algorithm with 200 bit block size as well as 200 bit key size. We’ve used 5*5 matrix to implement same 128 bit conventional AES algorithm for 200 bit block size. After implementing the algorithm, the proposed work is compared with 128,192 & 256 bits AES techniques in context with Encryption and Decryption Time & Throughput at both Encryption and Decryption ends.
SECURITY EVALUATION OF LIGHT-WEIGHT BLOCK CIPHERS BY GPGPUacijjournal
Nowadays, general purpose graphical processing unit (GPGPU) has been used in many ares. We use it for
security evaluation of light-weight block ciphers. Light-weight block cipher is one of key technologies for
small communication devices such as sensor network. To design a light-weight block cipher whose fastness
and security are balanced, so that, its security margin should be evaluated exactly. One of security evaluation
method, we focus on integral attack which exploits integral distinguisher to recover some round keys.
Integral distinguisher is the main factor of integral attack, and it can be obtained by computer experiment.
We use GPGPU to accelerate computer experiment. We propose an algorithm to search for upper bound of
integral distinguisher by GPGPU. There are theoretical and experimental steps. We specify lower order
integral distinguisher from upper bound one in the theoretical step. Such integral distinguisher is tested by
computer experiment in the experimental step. By applying the proposal algorithm to HIGHT, TWINE,
LBlock, PRESENT and RECTANGLE, we obtain more advantageous results.
Optimizing array-based data structures to the limitRoman Leventov
Comparison of different approaches of arrays indexing, enconding discrete states, memory layout in terms of performance. Is useful for implementing array-based data structures and algorithms in Java.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is considered as a secured algorithm. Still, some security issues lie in the S-Box and the key used. In this paper, we have tried to give focus on the security of the key used. Here, the proposed modified algorithms for the AES have been simulated and tested with different chaotic variations such as 1-D logistic chaos equation, cross chaos equation as well as combination of both. For the evaluation purpose, the CPU time has been taken as the parameter. Though the variations of AES algorithms are taking some more time as compared to the standard AES algorithm, still the variations can be taken into consideration in case of more sensitive information. As we are giving more security to
the key used for AES algorithm, our proposed algorithms are very much secured from unauthorized people.
The importance of cryptography knuckle down to the security in electronic data transmissions has gained an essential relevance during past years. Cryptography security mechanisms uses some algorithms to muddle the data into unreadable text with a key which can only be decoded/decrypted by one who has that associated key for the locked data. Cryptography techniques are of two types: Symmetric & Asymmetric. In this paper we’ve used symmetric cryptography method-Advance Encryption Standard algorithm with 200 bit block size as well as 200 bit key size. We’ve used 5*5 matrix to implement same 128 bit conventional AES algorithm for 200 bit block size. After implementing the algorithm, the proposed work is compared with 128,192 & 256 bits AES techniques in context with Encryption and Decryption Time & Throughput at both Encryption and Decryption ends.
SECURITY EVALUATION OF LIGHT-WEIGHT BLOCK CIPHERS BY GPGPUacijjournal
Nowadays, general purpose graphical processing unit (GPGPU) has been used in many ares. We use it for
security evaluation of light-weight block ciphers. Light-weight block cipher is one of key technologies for
small communication devices such as sensor network. To design a light-weight block cipher whose fastness
and security are balanced, so that, its security margin should be evaluated exactly. One of security evaluation
method, we focus on integral attack which exploits integral distinguisher to recover some round keys.
Integral distinguisher is the main factor of integral attack, and it can be obtained by computer experiment.
We use GPGPU to accelerate computer experiment. We propose an algorithm to search for upper bound of
integral distinguisher by GPGPU. There are theoretical and experimental steps. We specify lower order
integral distinguisher from upper bound one in the theoretical step. Such integral distinguisher is tested by
computer experiment in the experimental step. By applying the proposal algorithm to HIGHT, TWINE,
LBlock, PRESENT and RECTANGLE, we obtain more advantageous results.
Optimizing array-based data structures to the limitRoman Leventov
Comparison of different approaches of arrays indexing, enconding discrete states, memory layout in terms of performance. Is useful for implementing array-based data structures and algorithms in Java.
This is a classroom presentation for the basic concepts of HDL, using Verilog as the programming language. Module 2 deals with simulation and synthesis in Verilog.
Novel Methods of Generating Self-Invertible Matrix for Hill Cipher Algorithm.CSCJournals
In this paper, methods of generating self-invertible matrix for Hill Cipher algorithm have been proposed. The inverse of the matrix used for encrypting the plaintext does not always exist. So, if the matrix is not invertible, the encrypted text cannot be decrypted. In the self-invertible matrix generation method, the matrix used for the encryption is itself self-invertible. So, at the time of decryption, we need not to find inverse of the matrix. Moreover, this method eliminates the computational complexity involved in finding inverse of the matrix while decryption.
A Mixed Binary-Real NSGA II Algorithm Ensuring Both Accuracy and Interpretabi...IJECEIAES
In this work, a Neuro-Fuzzy Controller network, called NFC that implements a Mamdani fuzzy inference system is proposed. This network includes neurons able to perform fundamental fuzzy operations. Connections between neurons are weighted through binary and real weights. Then a mixed binaryreal Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is used to perform both accuracy and interpretability of the NFC by minimizing two objective functions; one objective relates to the number of rules, for compactness, while the second is the mean square error, for accuracy. In order to preserve interpretability of fuzzy rules during the optimization process, some constraints are imposed. The approach is tested on two control examples: a single input single output (SISO) system and a multivariable (MIMO) system.
This presentation begins by reviewing the Task Parallel Library APIs, introduced in .NET 4.0 and expanded in .NET 4.5 -- the Task class, Parallel.For and Parallel.ForEach, and even Parallel LINQ. Then, we look at patterns and practices for extracting concurrency and managing dependencies, with real examples like Levenstein's edit distance algorithm, Fast Fourier Transform, and others.
19. Data Structures and Algorithm ComplexityIntro C# Book
In this chapter we will compare the data structures we have learned so far by the performance (execution speed) of the basic operations (addition, search, deletion, etc.). We will give specific tips in what situations what data structures to use. We will explain how to choose between data structures like hash-tables, arrays, dynamic arrays and sets implemented by hash-tables or balanced trees. Almost all of these structures are implemented as part of NET Framework, so to be able to write efficient and reliable code we have to learn to apply the most appropriate structures for each situation.
This presentation comes with many additional notes (pdf): http://de.slideshare.net/nicolayludwig/6-collections-algorithms-38614039
- Producing Collection Objects
- Immutable Collections and defense Copies
- Empty Collections
- Tuples as pseudo Collections
- Filling Collections with structured Data
- Collections abstracting Data Processing: Stack and Queue
- Kung Fu beyond Collections: .Net's LINQ and Java's Streams
In this chapter we will get familiar with primitive types and variables in Java – what they are and how to work with them. First we will consider the data types – integer types, real types with floating-point, Boolean, character, string and object type. We will continue with the variables, with their characteristics, how to declare them, how they are assigned a value and what is variable initialization.
In this lesson you will learn how to use basic syntax, conditions, if-else statements and loops (for-loop, while-loop and do-while-loop) in Java and how to use the debugger.
Watch the video lesson and access the hands-on exercises here: https://softuni.org/code-lessons/java-foundations-certification-basic-syntax-conditions-and-loops
One of the fundamental issues in computer science is ordering a list of items. Although there is a number of sorting algorithms, sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research, because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. This paper presents a new sorting algorithm which runs faster by decreasing the number of comparisons by taking some extra memory. In this algorithm we are using lists to sort the elements. This algorithm was analyzed, implemented and tested and the results are promising for a random data
This is a classroom presentation for the basic concepts of HDL, using Verilog as the programming language. Module 2 deals with simulation and synthesis in Verilog.
Novel Methods of Generating Self-Invertible Matrix for Hill Cipher Algorithm.CSCJournals
In this paper, methods of generating self-invertible matrix for Hill Cipher algorithm have been proposed. The inverse of the matrix used for encrypting the plaintext does not always exist. So, if the matrix is not invertible, the encrypted text cannot be decrypted. In the self-invertible matrix generation method, the matrix used for the encryption is itself self-invertible. So, at the time of decryption, we need not to find inverse of the matrix. Moreover, this method eliminates the computational complexity involved in finding inverse of the matrix while decryption.
A Mixed Binary-Real NSGA II Algorithm Ensuring Both Accuracy and Interpretabi...IJECEIAES
In this work, a Neuro-Fuzzy Controller network, called NFC that implements a Mamdani fuzzy inference system is proposed. This network includes neurons able to perform fundamental fuzzy operations. Connections between neurons are weighted through binary and real weights. Then a mixed binaryreal Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is used to perform both accuracy and interpretability of the NFC by minimizing two objective functions; one objective relates to the number of rules, for compactness, while the second is the mean square error, for accuracy. In order to preserve interpretability of fuzzy rules during the optimization process, some constraints are imposed. The approach is tested on two control examples: a single input single output (SISO) system and a multivariable (MIMO) system.
This presentation begins by reviewing the Task Parallel Library APIs, introduced in .NET 4.0 and expanded in .NET 4.5 -- the Task class, Parallel.For and Parallel.ForEach, and even Parallel LINQ. Then, we look at patterns and practices for extracting concurrency and managing dependencies, with real examples like Levenstein's edit distance algorithm, Fast Fourier Transform, and others.
19. Data Structures and Algorithm ComplexityIntro C# Book
In this chapter we will compare the data structures we have learned so far by the performance (execution speed) of the basic operations (addition, search, deletion, etc.). We will give specific tips in what situations what data structures to use. We will explain how to choose between data structures like hash-tables, arrays, dynamic arrays and sets implemented by hash-tables or balanced trees. Almost all of these structures are implemented as part of NET Framework, so to be able to write efficient and reliable code we have to learn to apply the most appropriate structures for each situation.
This presentation comes with many additional notes (pdf): http://de.slideshare.net/nicolayludwig/6-collections-algorithms-38614039
- Producing Collection Objects
- Immutable Collections and defense Copies
- Empty Collections
- Tuples as pseudo Collections
- Filling Collections with structured Data
- Collections abstracting Data Processing: Stack and Queue
- Kung Fu beyond Collections: .Net's LINQ and Java's Streams
In this chapter we will get familiar with primitive types and variables in Java – what they are and how to work with them. First we will consider the data types – integer types, real types with floating-point, Boolean, character, string and object type. We will continue with the variables, with their characteristics, how to declare them, how they are assigned a value and what is variable initialization.
In this lesson you will learn how to use basic syntax, conditions, if-else statements and loops (for-loop, while-loop and do-while-loop) in Java and how to use the debugger.
Watch the video lesson and access the hands-on exercises here: https://softuni.org/code-lessons/java-foundations-certification-basic-syntax-conditions-and-loops
One of the fundamental issues in computer science is ordering a list of items. Although there is a number of sorting algorithms, sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research, because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. This paper presents a new sorting algorithm which runs faster by decreasing the number of comparisons by taking some extra memory. In this algorithm we are using lists to sort the elements. This algorithm was analyzed, implemented and tested and the results are promising for a random data
A New Approach for Video Encryption Based on Modified AES Algorithmiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Arm recognition encryption by using aes algorithmeSAT Journals
Abstract To provide the security of the Military confidential data we use encryption algorithm which take over reward of superior encryption algorithm. The proposed implementation using encryption algorithm was implemented on ARM 7 to encrypt and decrypt the confidential data on data storage devices such as SD card or Pen drive. The main objective of proposed implementation is to provide protection for storage devices. The ARM and encryption algorithm protect the data accessibility, reliability and privacy successfully. Since (AES) Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm is widely used in an embedded system or fixed organization. These AES algorithms are used for proper designs in defense for security. Keywords: Plain text, Cipher text, Data security, AES, Embedded System.ARM, storage device.
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data also called Rijndael. The algorithm described by AES is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data. Hardware-based cryptography is used for authentication of users and of software updates and installations. Software implementations can generally not be used for this, as the cryptographic keys are stored in the PC memory during execution, and are vulnerable to malicious codes. Hardware-based encryption products can also vary in the level of protection they provide against brute force rewind attacks, Offline parallel attacks, or other cryptanalysis attacks. The algorithm was implemented in FPGA due to its flexibility and reconfiguration capability. A reconfigurable device is very convenient for a cryptography algorithm since it allows cheap and quick alterations. The implementation of pipelined cryptography hardware was used to improve performance in order to achieve higher throughput and greater parallelism. The AES hardware was implemented in three modules contains of the encryption, the decryption and the key expansion module.
A Cryptographic Hardware Revolution in Communication Systems using Verilog HDLidescitation
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is an
advancement of Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) which is an initiated Process Standard of NIST. The
AES specifies the Rijndael algorithm, in which a symmetric
block cipher that processes fixed 128 bit data blocks using
cipher keys with different lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits.
The earliest Rijndael algorithm had the advantage of
combining both data block sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits with
any key lengths. AES can be programmed in pure hardware
Verilog HDL, Which includes Multiplexer to enhance more
secure to Cipher text. The results indicate that the hardware
implementation proposed in this project is Decrementing
Utilization of resource and power consumption of 113 mW
than other implementation. Using FPGA lead to reliability on
source modulations. This project presents the AES algorithm
with regard to FPGA and Verilog HDL. The software used for
Simulation is ModelSim-Altera 6.3g_p1 (Quartus II 8.1).
Synthesis and implementation of the code is carried out on
Xilinx ISE 13.4 (XC6VCX240T) device is used for hardware
evaluation.
Hardware implementation of aes encryption and decryption for low area & power...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
FPGA Implementation of an Area Optimized Architecture for 128 bit AES AlgorithmIJERA Editor
This paper aims at FPGA Implementation of an Area Optimized Architecture for 128 bit AES Algorithm. The
conventional designs use a separate module for 32 bit byte substitution and 128 bit byte substitution. The 32 bit
byte substitution is used in round key generation and the 128 bit byte substitution is used in the rounds. This
report presents a modified architecture of 128 bit byte substitution module using a single 32 bit byte substitution
module to reduce area.The AES encryption and decryption algorithm were designed using Verilog HDL. The
functionality of the modules were checked using ModelSim. The simulations were carried out in ModelSim and
Quartus II. The algorithm was implemented in FPGA and achieved a 2% reduction in the total logic element
utilization
Security Analysis of AES and Enhancing its Security by Modifying S-Box with a...IJCNCJournal
Secured and opportune transmission of data alwaysis a significant feature for any organization. Robust
encryption techniques and algorithms always facilitate in augmenting secrecy, authentication and
reliability of data. At present, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) patronized by NIST is the most secure
algorithm for escalating the confidentiality of data. This paper mainly focuses on an inclusive analysis
related to the security of existing AES algorithm and aim to enhance the level security of this algorithm.
Through some modification of existing AES algorithm by XORing an additional byte with s-box value, we
have successfully increased the Time Security and Strict Avalanche Criterion. We have used random
additional key for increasing security. Since this key is random, result of security measurement sometimes
fluctuates.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Design and Implementation A different Architectures of mixcolumn in FPGAVLSICS Design
This paper details Implementation of the Encryption algorithm AES under VHDL language In FPGA by using different architecture of mixcolumn. We then review this research investigates the AES algorithm in FPGA and the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description language (VHDL). Altera Quartus II software is used for simulation and optimization of the synthesizable VHDL code. The set of transformations of both Encryptions and decryption are simulated using an iterative design approach in order to optimize the hardware consumption. Altera Cyclone III Family devices are utilized for hardware evaluation.
Similar to Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays (20)
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
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impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
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Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
1. IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
Volume 5, Issue 1, Ver. III (Jan - Feb. 2015), PP 01-11
e-ISSN: 2319 – 4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 – 4197
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption
Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
A.Anusha1
, N.Samba Murthy2
1
PG Student, ECE Department, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, India
2
Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, India
1
anuece.anu@gmail.com,2
sambanaga009@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper presents information on AES Encryption and Decryption for multi processors. In this
paper AES algorithm is used. The AES algorithm is a round based algorithm. The round based algorithm is
used to provide security to the information. In AES algorithm there are different types of keys, they are 128,192
and 256 bits. These bits are used to encrypt and decrypt the information. In this paper 128bits are used. In this
paper the main functional blocks are key generation, encryption and decryption. In order produce a new key sub
byte, rotate word, round constant and add round key operations are used. In order to convert plain text to
cipher message the sub bytes, shift rows, mix column and add round key operations are used. By doing these
operations the cipher information is obtained. This cipher will be given to the decryption and it is the total
reverse process of encryption. After completion of reverse process the outcome is original information.
Index terms- Advanced Encryption Standards, cipher, multi processor.
I. Introduction
Encryption is the process of converting original message into cipher information by using key. In this
process the information must be in the form of hexadecimal or integer format only. Decryption is the process of
converting cipher information to original information by using same key. In decryption the format of message
must be in Hexadecimal or integer. In this paper the advanced encryption standard algorithm technique uses the
symmetric key that means private key. The main advantage of symmetric key is provide security to the data and
reduces the area also. This types of private keys mainly used in ATM machines and software’s also.
This paper mainly concentrates on developing suitable method for rapid and efficient way to perform
hardware implementation for some applications to provide security to the information. To accomplish high
security for a system the AES technique is used. Most of the users now a day’s using wireless communication
for fast sending and receiving the mails in less time and less cost. When this way of communication is going on,
the unauthorized people who have the intension to know about the conversation will hack the information. The
AES algorithm is used to provide security and hackers cannot hack the data even if they know the key and
algorithm also. In this paper the sub bytes and inv sub bytes operation will be done word wise. By doing these
operations reduce the area and increase the speed of the operation.
2. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page
Fig1. Block Diagram Of AES
There are mainly 3 types of operations in advanced encryption standard algorithm. They are key generation;
encryption and decryption.
II. Key Generation
The key generation processes the data block of fixed size i.e. 128 bits using cipher key length of 128,192
and 256 bits. The number of operations will be depending on number of bits. By using different type of bits it
has some constant rounds of operation. For 128 bits it has 10 rounds of operations. By rounds of operations, it
provides security because by doing this types operation they cannot hack the data. The below table [1] shows the
number of keys and number of rounds for particular bits.
Table 1: key generation
For 128 bits (which we r using here) there are fixed 10 rounds. For getting 10 keys we have to done
some operations. They are sub bytes, rotate word, round constant and add round key operations.
No. of bits 128 bits 192 bits 256 bits
No. of keys 10 keys 12 keys 14 keys
No. of rounds 10 rounds 12 rounds 14 rounds
3. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 3 | Page
Fig2. Block diagram of key generation
2.1 Sub bytes operation
The sub bytes operations will be done word wise. This is non-linear substitution technique. It works on
every byte of the state independently. By using S-box table, it will operate. The S-box table is developed on 2
transformation techniques. They are
2.1.1 Take the replica of Rijndael’s conditions.
2.1.2 Apply a non-regular technique that is already implemented on Rijndael technique.
The predefined values of substitution table is used here. Every bytes of the state is compared with the value in
the equal positioned value in S-box.
B [1, 1] = S box [b (1, 1)]
Fig 2.1 Sub bytes operation
2.2 Rotate word operatio
Rotate word performs a one byte circular rotate left.
4. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 4 | Page
Rot word [A8 A7 A6 A5] = [A5 A8 A7 A6]
2.3 Round constant operation
The round constant operation is different for each step.
In the example take either one column or row
07 cf 3f 4c
Then rotate the equation
Cf 3f 4c 07
Now put these values through the AES s-box (component wise)
8a 75 29 c5
This is the operation for round1.Now we need the round constant operation. Add round one to the s-box output
8a 01 = 8b
75 00 = 75
29 00 = 29
C5 00 = c5
This is the operation for round constant 1. These are the operations for key generation.
2.4 Add round key operation
Every byte of the value is directly added with the key. The below figure shows the operation of add
round key
W1
1
W2
1
W3
1
W0
1
W3
W2
W1
5. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 5 | Page
Fig 2.2 Add round key operation
This is the operation for key 1.Repeat the above steps up to 10 rounds for every round will get one key total 10
keys because this technique using 128bits. For 128 bits it has 10 rounds of operation for each round it will
get one new key.
III. Encryption
It is defined as converting original message to cipher message.
Fig3. Block diagram of Encryption
There are mainly 4 types of operations in encryption. They are
3.1 Sub bytes operation
The sub bytes operations will be done word wise. This is non-linear substitution technique. It works on
every byte of the state independently. By using substitution table it will operate. The substitution table is
developed on 2 transformation techniques. They are
3.1.1 Take the replica of Rijndael’s conditions.
3.1.2 Apply a non-regular technique that is already implemented on Rijndael technique.
W0
11
W0
1
W3
1
W2
1
W1
1
W0
11
Key 1
6. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 6 | Page
The predefined values of substitution table is used here. Every bytes of the state is compared with the value in
the equal positioned value in s-box.
B [1, 1] = S box [b (1, 1)]
Fig 3.1 sub bytes operation
3.2 Shift rows
The shift rows operations were done with the shifting rows cyclically either right or left.
3.2.1 In first row there is no change.
3.2.2 In second row shift cyclically by one position either left side or right side
3.2.3 In third row shift cyclically by two positions.
3.2.4 In fourth row shift cyclically by three positions.
No change D0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3
1st
shift D4 D5 D6 D7 D5 D6 D7 D4
2nd
shift D8 D9 D10 D11 D10 D11 D8 D9
3rd
shift D12 D13 D14 D15 D15 D12 D13 D14
3.3 Mix column operation
In mix column operation each column of the state array is considered as a multiplicative term. In mix
column operation the 4*4 matrix is multiplied with the constant matrix. In mix column operation, there are only
9 rounds (1 to 9). There is no 10th round for mix column operation. For 10th
round, the shift rows operation is
directly given to the add round key operation because there is no 10th
round for mix column.
3.4 Add round key operation
Every byte of the value is directly added with the key. The operation between mix column output with key
1 to 9 rounds only.
7. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 7 | Page
IV. Decryption
It is defined as the converting cipher message to original message. The decryption is the total reverse
operation of the encryption.
Fig4. Block diagram of Decryption
There are mainly 4 types of operations in decryption. They are
4.1 Inv sub bytes operation
The inv sub bytes operations will be done word wise. This is non-linear substitution technique. It works
on every byte of the state independently. It operates by using inverse substitution table. The inverse substitution
table is develops on 2 transformation techniques. They are
4.1.1 Take the replica of Rijndael’s finite field.
4.1.2 Apply a non-regular technique that is already implemented on Rijndael technique.
B [1, 1] = S box [b (1, 1)]
The predefined values of substitution table is used here. Every bytes of the state is compared with the value in
the equal positioned value in the inverse s-box.
8. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page
Fig. 4.1 sub bytes operation
4.2 Inv shift rows operation
The inv shift rows operations were done with the shifting rows cyclically right. The inv shift rows
operation is same as the shift rows operation.
4.2.1 In first row there is no change.
4.2.2 In second row shift cyclically by one position either left side or right.
4.2.3 In third row shift cyclically by two positions.
4.2.4 In fourth row shift cyclically by three positions.
No change D0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3
1st
shift D4 D5 D6 D7 D5 D6 D7 D4
2nd
shift D8 D9 D10 D11 D10 D11 D8 D9
3rd
shift D12 D13 D14 D15 D15 D12 D13 D14
4.3 Inv mix column operation
In inv mix column operation each column of the state array is considered as a multiplicative term. In
inv mix column operation the 4*4 matrix is multiplied with the constant matrix and we get same dimensional
matrix. In first round there is no inv mix column operation.
4.4 Inv add round key
Every byte of the value is directly added with the key. The key must be in reverse order i.e. 10 to 1 for
decryption
Applications:
1. It is used in online banking.
2. ATM machines and social networking also.
3. It is also used in business purpose also.
9. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page
Fig 2.3 Timing diagram for key generation
After key generation is enabled and reset is high and key load is loaded, then the keys are produced.
Fig 3.2 RTL schematic for Encryption
Fig 3.2 Timing diagram for Encryption
After reset and key generation enabled encryptions starts. As encryption ends, encryption over signal is high
indicating that message is converted into encrypted information
10. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Fig 4.2 RTL schematic for Decryption
Fig 4.3 Timing diagram for Decryption
After reset and key generation enabled decryptions starts. As decryption ends, decryption over signal is high
indicating that message is converted into original information
V. Analysis report:
Encryption Decryption
No .of Slices 717 717
No. of flip-flops 682 682
No. of 4 I/p LUT’s 1076 1075
No. of IOB’s 263 263
No. of CLK’s 1 1
Total Delay 5.014ns 5.014ns
Table2. Analysis report for encryption and decryption
11. Design and Analysis of Parallel AES Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Multi Processor Arrays
DOI: 10.9790/4200-05130111 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
VI. Conclusion
Xilinx is very helpful tool for software and hardware. By using this technique we can provide security
to information. By using AES we can reduce the area and reduction of cost will lead to the reduction of overall
production cost and 100% security of data. The future scope of this project is further to extend up to 256 bits
efficiently and successfully by using the same techniques.
Acknowledgement
I am glad to express my deep sense of gratitude to, Mr. N.Samba Murthy, Assistant Professor of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his guidance and cooperation in completing this project.
Through this, I want to convey my sincere thanks to him for his inspiring assistance during my project. I express
my heartfelt gratitude and deep indebtedness to the beloved Head of the Department, Dr. M.KAMARAJU, for
his great help and encouragement in completion of my project. I also express my gratitude to our principal Dr.
P.NAGESWARA REDDY, for his encouragement and facilities provided for my project. I thank one and all
who have rendered help to us directly or indirectly in the completion of this work.
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