Describing Five Different Types of Deposits on the Teeth Acquired Pellicle Materia Alba Plaque Calculus Food Debris

1. Dr. Blend Ahmed Omer
M.SC. PERIODONTICS
Deposits on
The Teeth
1
DR. BLEND AHMED
Lecture 4
• LECTURER AT AL-KITAB UNIVERSITY - IRAQ
• LECTURER AT EPU-MEDICAL INST. KURDISTAN/IRAQ

2. Dental
Deposits
2
Any soft or hard substance attached to
tooth surfaces, often associated with
dental diseases such as:
• Caries or
• Periodontal disease
Example of Dental Deposits:
• Dental plaque or
• Dental calculus
DR. BLEND AHMED

3. Types of
Dental
Deposits
1. Acquired Pellicle
2. Materia Alba
3. Dental Plaque (Biofilm)
4. Dental Calculus (tartar)
5. Food Debris
3
1. Soft Deposits
2. Hard Deposits
DR. BLEND AHMED

4. 1. Acquired Pellicle
4
All surfaces in the oral cavity, including the hard and soft
tissues, are coated with a layer of organic material known as
the Acquired Pellicle.
• The pellicle on tooth surfaces consists of more
than 180 peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins.
❖ Consist of What?
❖ Contains:
• No Cells (Acellular)
• No Minerals
• No Bacteria
DR. BLEND AHMED

5. 5
2. Materia Alba
Is a soft white deposits (soft accumulations of bacteria and tissue cells) on
surfaces of the teeth but attachment occur on uncleaned tooth surface or
attach over dental plaque, that lack the organized structure of dental plaque.
Materia Alba differ from dental plaque by:
1. Its non organized structure.
2. Poorly attached to the tooth surfaces so water or air spray will remove it.
DR. BLEND AHMED

6. 6
its soft deposits which form the biofilm on hard surfaces.
Composition of Dental plaque:
1. Proliferating Microorganisms
2. Host Cells: (Macrophages, PMNL, Desquamated epithelial cells).
3. Intercellular matrix :(organic and inorganic contents)
4. Bacterial products and gingival fluid.
3. Dental Plaque/Biofilms
DR. BLEND AHMED

7. Sources of plaque nutrient:
1. Microbial symbiosis
2. Dead bacteria.
3. Lysed bacteria.
4. Saliva.
7
DR. BLEND AHMED

8. Retentive Factors for plaque Accumulation
1. Faulty restoration.
2. Caries.
3. Calculus.
4. Crowding.
5. Appliance (prosthodontic or orthodontic appliances)
8
DR. BLEND AHMED

9. 9
4. Phase FOUR (sequential adsorption of organisms).
Phases of Dental Plaque Development
1. Phase ONE (Molecular Adsorption):
Two days after stopping teeth cleaning, G +ve bacteria (rods and cocci) is more than G -ve bacteria.
2. Phase TWO (Single Organisms)
Three to Four days after stopping teeth cleaning, G-ve increase (fusobacterium nucleatum and
filamentous bacteria).
3. Phase THREE (Multiplication):
Five to Nine days after stopping teeth cleaning, G -ve increase more , spirilla and spirochetes that
mean more destruction of tissues.
DR. BLEND AHMED
Sequential adsorption of further bacteria to form a more complex and mature biofilm.

10. 10
Phases
of
Dental
Plaque
Development
DR. BLEND AHMED
The First Two Phases are representative of HEALTH,
Phase 3 of GINGIVITIS, and Phase 4 of PERIODONTITIS.

11. Classification of Dental Plaque
11
Supra gingival Plaque
1 Sub gingival Plaque
2
which is the marginal plaque and it cause gingivitis. occur under the gingiva with predilection for surface cracks,
defects ,roughness and over hanging margin of dental restoration.
DR. BLEND AHMED

12. Detection of Dental Plaque
12
1 2
By EYE By PROB
BUT some time small
area of plaque cannot
be detected by eye.
A probe by moving it along
gingival margin of tooth to see a
pin point plaque.
1 2 3 4
DR. BLEND AHMED

13. 13
Detection of Dental Plaque
3 4
By
DISCLOSING AGENT
By
FLUORESCENT DYE
Disclosing agents like disclosing tab. Fluorescent dye that give yellow color under
room light ,blue color under UV light.
DR. BLEND AHMED

14. 14
• It's hard deposits that form by mineralization of
dental plaque and is generally covered by a layer of
unmineralized plaque.
4. Dental Calculus
DR. BLEND AHMED

15. Classification of Dental Calculus
15
Supra gingival Calculus
1 Sub gingival Calculus
2
when present on the visible crown of teeth above
the gingival margin.
when present apically to the gingival margin in the
gingival sulcus.
DR. BLEND AHMED

16. 16
Composition of Dental Calculus
1. Hydroxyapatite
2. Magnesium whitlockite
3. Octa calcium phosphate
DR. BLEND AHMED

17. 17
1. Supra gingival calculus:
comprises yellow white deposits, however the color may change to brown as a result of secondary
staining from tobacco or food pigmentation. its follow the opening of major salivary gland.
2. Sub gingival calculus:
Is brown to black in color and often more hardly adherent to the tooth surface evenly distributed
on the various teeth ,but on the individual teeth its more prevalent on the a proximal and
lingual than on the buccal surface .
Clinical appearance of Dental Calculus
DR. BLEND AHMED

18. 18
2. Diagnoses of Sub gingival calculus:
Diagnosis of Dental Calculus
1. Diagnoses of Supra gingival calculus:
1. By clinical inspection when sufficient amount present.
2. Thin layer may be over looked by scraping or probing .
1. Indirectly diagnosed by its dark color shins through thin gingiva.
2. Detachment of the gingival margin from the tooth by air blast or by appropriate instrument .
3. Radiographic methods it may appear on a proximal surface.
4. The deep calculus is diagnosed by reflection of the gingival tissue during periodontal surgery.
DR. BLEND AHMED

19. 19
5. Food Debris
• Loose food particles collect about cervical third and proximal
embrasures of teeth.
• Food may forced between teeth during mastication in open contacts,
irregularities of occlusion and tooth mobility.
• Horizontal food impaction may occurs when interdental papillae are
reduced of missing.
• Self-cleansing through action of tongue, lips, and saliva may take place.
• Full debris removal can be done by tooth brushing, flossing and
using other aids .
DR. BLEND AHMED

20. Thank you
QUESTIONS?
20
DR. BLEND AHMED