Deposition learn earth science 2
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The document discusses various factors that influence rates of deposition including: particle size and density, with larger and denser particles settling fastest; slope, with lower slopes having higher deposition rates; stream velocity, with slower velocities resulting in more deposition; and stream discharge, with higher discharge carrying more sediment farther. Deposition is greatest inside curves of rivers and at river mouths where velocity is lowest. Particle size decreases in deposited sediments as velocity decreases due to larger particles settling out first. Deltas form at river mouths. Wind deposits sediments in areas downwind in the form of dunes, while glaciers deposit unsorted sediments including till, erratics, and striations.
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Deposition learn earth science
The document discusses various factors that influence rates of deposition including: particle size and density, with larger and denser particles settling fastest; slope, with lower slopes having higher deposition rates; stream velocity, with slower velocities resulting in more deposition; and stream discharge, with higher discharge carrying more sediment farther. Deposition is greatest inside curves of rivers and at river mouths where velocity is lowest. Particle size decreases in deposited sediments as velocity decreases due to larger particles settling out first. Deltas form at river mouths. Wind deposits sediments in piles called dunes that are oriented with the prevailing wind direction. Glacial deposits like till are unsorted while features like erratics and striations are left by glaciers.
Permeability and factors affecting permeability
Permeability is the property of soil that allows water to flow through it, denoted by 'K'. Factors that affect permeability include grain size, properties of pore water, temperature, void ratio, stratification, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, degree of saturation, shape of particles, and structure of the soil mass. Permeability generally increases with larger grain size, higher temperatures, and void ratios, and decreases with stratified layers perpendicular to flow, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, partial saturation, angular particles, and dispersed soil structures.
Permeability
Permeability is a measure of how easily fluids can flow through the pore spaces in a rock. It depends on properties like pore size, shape, and connectivity. Porosity refers to the total pore space in a rock, while permeability reflects how readily fluids can move through that space. Factors like grain size, clay content, and compaction influence a rock's permeability. Larger, well-sorted grains generally yield higher permeability, as do rocks with fewer obstructions to fluid flow in their pore networks. Permeability is quantified using units like square meters or millidarcies.
Porosity and permeability
The document summarizes key concepts related to oil and gas reservoirs. It discusses how reservoirs are formed from the remains of ancient organisms subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. The formation of reservoirs requires sedimentary basins to undergo deep burial, pressure cooking, hydrocarbon migration, and trapping by impermeable rock. Porosity refers to the open space in rock that can hold fluids, while permeability measures the ability of rock to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces. Absolute and effective porosity and permeability are defined in relation to single or multiple fluid phases present in the rock.
ICCWS_27_Wasif
This study analyzes changes to the morphological characteristics of the Bishkhali Estuary in Bangladesh due to Cyclone SIDR in 2007 using the Delft3D morphology model. The study found the greatest changes at locations close to where the cyclone made landfall, with a maximum deposition of 2383.56 sqm found near the mouth. Overall, cross-sectional area and bed level elevation changes were greater downstream compared to upstream. The maximum bed shear stress during the cyclone was over 5 times higher than normal conditions near the landfall location, contributing to the more significant morphological changes observed downstream.
Soil color and soil water
This document summarizes key concepts about soil water, including:
- The three types of water in soil: hygroscopic, capillary, and gravitational. Capillary water is most available to plants.
- Critical levels of soil water including field capacity, wilting point, and hygroscopic coefficient.
- Factors that influence the movement and retention of soil water such as matric potential, osmotic potential, and pore size.
- Soil water potential represents the work required to remove water from soil. Water moves from high to low potential areas.
Agnes Pockels Discoveries
Agnes Pockels discovered several important properties of surface tension through her experiments on water surfaces:
1) The surface tension of a contaminated water surface varies depending on whether the surface is compressed or expanded.
2) A water surface can exist in two states - normal or anomalous - depending on how compression affects surface tension.
3) The cleaner the surface, the more it can be compressed before reaching maximum surface pressure.
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This document discusses the hydrological cycle and soil moisture in the unsaturated zone. It describes:
1) The process of rainfall infiltration and groundwater recharge. Water is stored in the pores of the unsaturated zone below the ground surface.
2) Forces that act on soil moisture in the unsaturated zone, including adsorption, osmotic, and capillary forces. Capillary action causes smaller pores to fill with water before larger pores.
3) The soil moisture curve and Staring series, which relate soil type to water pressure and volume of water stored. Finer textured soils like clay can store more water than coarser soils like sand.
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Deposition learn earth science
The document discusses various factors that influence rates of deposition including: particle size and density, with larger and denser particles settling fastest; slope, with lower slopes having higher deposition rates; stream velocity, with slower velocities resulting in more deposition; and stream discharge, with higher discharge carrying more sediment farther. Deposition is greatest inside curves of rivers and at river mouths where velocity is lowest. Particle size decreases in deposited sediments as velocity decreases due to larger particles settling out first. Deltas form at river mouths. Wind deposits sediments in piles called dunes that are oriented with the prevailing wind direction. Glacial deposits like till are unsorted while features like erratics and striations are left by glaciers.
Permeability and factors affecting permeability
Permeability is the property of soil that allows water to flow through it, denoted by 'K'. Factors that affect permeability include grain size, properties of pore water, temperature, void ratio, stratification, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, degree of saturation, shape of particles, and structure of the soil mass. Permeability generally increases with larger grain size, higher temperatures, and void ratios, and decreases with stratified layers perpendicular to flow, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, partial saturation, angular particles, and dispersed soil structures.
Permeability
Permeability is a measure of how easily fluids can flow through the pore spaces in a rock. It depends on properties like pore size, shape, and connectivity. Porosity refers to the total pore space in a rock, while permeability reflects how readily fluids can move through that space. Factors like grain size, clay content, and compaction influence a rock's permeability. Larger, well-sorted grains generally yield higher permeability, as do rocks with fewer obstructions to fluid flow in their pore networks. Permeability is quantified using units like square meters or millidarcies.
Porosity and permeability
The document summarizes key concepts related to oil and gas reservoirs. It discusses how reservoirs are formed from the remains of ancient organisms subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. The formation of reservoirs requires sedimentary basins to undergo deep burial, pressure cooking, hydrocarbon migration, and trapping by impermeable rock. Porosity refers to the open space in rock that can hold fluids, while permeability measures the ability of rock to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces. Absolute and effective porosity and permeability are defined in relation to single or multiple fluid phases present in the rock.
ICCWS_27_Wasif
This study analyzes changes to the morphological characteristics of the Bishkhali Estuary in Bangladesh due to Cyclone SIDR in 2007 using the Delft3D morphology model. The study found the greatest changes at locations close to where the cyclone made landfall, with a maximum deposition of 2383.56 sqm found near the mouth. Overall, cross-sectional area and bed level elevation changes were greater downstream compared to upstream. The maximum bed shear stress during the cyclone was over 5 times higher than normal conditions near the landfall location, contributing to the more significant morphological changes observed downstream.
Soil color and soil water
This document summarizes key concepts about soil water, including:
- The three types of water in soil: hygroscopic, capillary, and gravitational. Capillary water is most available to plants.
- Critical levels of soil water including field capacity, wilting point, and hygroscopic coefficient.
- Factors that influence the movement and retention of soil water such as matric potential, osmotic potential, and pore size.
- Soil water potential represents the work required to remove water from soil. Water moves from high to low potential areas.
Agnes Pockels Discoveries
Agnes Pockels discovered several important properties of surface tension through her experiments on water surfaces:
1) The surface tension of a contaminated water surface varies depending on whether the surface is compressed or expanded.
2) A water surface can exist in two states - normal or anomalous - depending on how compression affects surface tension.
3) The cleaner the surface, the more it can be compressed before reaching maximum surface pressure.
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This document discusses the hydrological cycle and soil moisture in the unsaturated zone. It describes:
1) The process of rainfall infiltration and groundwater recharge. Water is stored in the pores of the unsaturated zone below the ground surface.
2) Forces that act on soil moisture in the unsaturated zone, including adsorption, osmotic, and capillary forces. Capillary action causes smaller pores to fill with water before larger pores.
3) The soil moisture curve and Staring series, which relate soil type to water pressure and volume of water stored. Finer textured soils like clay can store more water than coarser soils like sand.
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Factor Affecting Run off
The document discusses the main factors that affect runoff from a catchment area. It lists seven factors: 1) precipitation characteristics like intensity and duration, 2) the shape and size of the catchment, 3) topography such as slope, 4) geological characteristics of the surface and subsurface, 5) meteorological characteristics like temperature and humidity, 6) the character of the catchment surface such as whether it is cultivated or drained, and 7) the storage characteristics of the catchment including natural depressions or artificial reservoirs. Each of these factors can increase or decrease the amount of runoff from a catchment area depending on the specific characteristics.
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The document discusses the water cycle and sources of water. It explains that water comes from surface sources like oceans, rivers and lakes as well as ground sources like wells and ponds. It describes how rainwater percolates into porous soil and rock, getting stored in interconnected spaces within these materials. Some rocks and clay are more porous and permeable than others, affecting how much water they can store. The stored groundwater fills up the spaces and forms an underground water table. Maintaining porous and permeable materials is important for replenishing groundwater supplies.
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Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
Weathering breaks rocks down into smaller pieces through physical or chemical processes when exposed to the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Physical weathering breaks rocks without changing their chemical composition through processes like frost wedging and abrasion. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rocks through oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation. The products of weathering accumulate as soil and are further eroded by agents such as water, wind, and ice. Erosion transports eroded material which is eventually deposited elsewhere, usually in bodies of water, based on factors like particle size, shape, density, and transport velocity.
erosion.pptxsefwakjsdmmxmslkkkmmjjss,ddk
This document discusses the key processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition that shape Earth's landscapes. It describes how weathering breaks rocks down physically through processes like frost wedging and chemically through reactions with water and carbon dioxide. The resulting soil and sediment are then transported by erosional forces like streams and glaciers, and are eventually deposited elsewhere. Factors like particle size, shape, and stream velocity determine where sediments are laid down. Through these interconnected natural cycles, the landscape is continually modified over geological timescales.
weathering
The document discusses various landscape-shaping processes including weathering, erosion, and deposition. It provides details on:
- Weathering processes like physical weathering (frost action, abrasion) and chemical weathering (oxidation, hydration, carbonation) break rocks down into sediments.
- Running water is the primary agent of erosion, carrying sediments in streams based on factors like gradient, discharge, and particle size/shape. Meanders, floodplains, and deltas are landforms formed by streams.
- Deposition occurs when sediment transport capacity decreases, arranging particles from largest to smallest in a process called horizontal sorting. Particle size, shape, density, and water velocity impact deposition rates
Geomorphological variations within drainage basins
1) Erosion by rivers occurs through various processes including abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution which break down river banks and beds.
2) Transportation in rivers includes suspension of small particles, solution of dissolved materials, and bedload movement of larger particles through saltation or traction.
3) Deposition happens when river velocity decreases due to factors like lower rainfall, entering a lake, becoming shallower, or overflowing banks, causing sediment to be left behind.
Ocean basics
The document provides an overview of coastal environments and properties of water. It discusses that 97% of water on Earth is in oceans, with the remaining 3% being fresh water. Water covers around 3/4 of the Earth's surface. More than half of the world's population lives within 60km of a coastline. Water has unique properties like absorbing or releasing heat during temperature changes, being a good solvent, and existing in three physical states. Coastal systems include beaches, rocky coasts, estuaries, deltas, and reefs. The document then discusses various chemical and physical properties of water in more detail.
Erosion
Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural forces like wind and water. While erosion is natural, human activities have increased erosion rates globally by 10-40 times, causing problems like land degradation. The main types of erosion are water erosion from rainfall, rivers, coastal areas, glaciers and floods; wind erosion; and gravitational erosion.
Weathering For Sci 8
The document discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the chemical and physical breakdown of rocks due to water, air, organisms and humans. There are two types of weathering: physical and chemical. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks. The byproducts of weathering are sediment and soil. Erosion is then defined as the transport and deposition of these sediments elsewhere by forces like water, wind, and glaciers.
Weathering For Sci 8
The document discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the chemical and physical breakdown of rocks due to water, air, organisms and humans. There are two types of weathering: physical and chemical. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks. The byproducts of weathering are sediment and soil. Erosion is then defined as the transport and deposition of these sediments elsewhere by forces like water, wind, and glaciers.
WEATHERING-EROSION-MASS-WASTING-SEDIMENTATION.pptx
The document discusses weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks at Earth's surface through mechanical or chemical processes. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' chemical and physical makeup. Erosion transports weathered materials, and mass wasting involves downslope rock/soil movement by gravity. Sedimentation is the deposition of eroded and transported particles.
Erosion & weathering change
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
Gathering facts over erosion, weathering & deposition
Q1_M2d_Weathering Erosion.pptx
The document discusses the geological processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition that shape the Earth's surface over long periods of time. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical, chemical, and biological means. Erosion then transports these sediments to different locations via agents such as water, wind, ice, and gravity. Finally, deposition occurs as these sediments are deposited in continental, coastal, or marine environments, forming new layers of the Earth's crust.
Weathering, Erosion & Deposition
The document discusses various natural processes that shape the Earth's surface over time, including erosion, deposition, and weathering. It provides examples of different types of erosion such as water erosion, glacial erosion, and wind erosion. It also describes related landforms that result from erosion and deposition processes, such as deltas, moraines, and meanders. Various agents that cause weathering and erosion are identified, such as water, wind, ice, and plants.
Hydrosphere add By Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
The document discusses the structure and distribution of Earth's hydrosphere. It notes that 96.5% of water is found in oceans, with the remaining 3.5% being fresh water distributed between ice (1.762%), groundwater (1.7%), surface fresh water (0.014%), and the atmosphere and soil (0.002%). It also describes the locations of fresh water including rivers, streams, lakes, aquifers, and wetlands. Finally, it discusses the roles of the hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere in weathering land surfaces and influencing climate through ice ages and global warming.
Revision lesson 40 minutes
This document provides information on physical geography concepts related to rivers and coasts. It begins with a section on rivers that describes the erosion, transportation, and deposition processes that occur in rivers. It then discusses landforms created by rivers such as V-shaped valleys, meanders, and floodplains. The next section covers coastal landforms including spits, deltas, and cliffs, as well as coastal erosion processes like longshore drift. It concludes by examining causes of river flooding and storm hydrographs. Overall, the document presents a concise overview of key physical geography concepts.
Revision lesson 40 minutes
This document provides an overview of physical geography concepts related to rivers and coasts. It discusses the key processes that shape river landscapes including erosion, transportation, and deposition. It explains how rivers form V-shaped valleys and meanders. It also covers coastal landforms such as deltas, spits and cliffs, and the processes of longshore drift and coastal erosion. Examples are given of river flooding including the Boscastle floods of 2004 and factors influencing storm hydrographs.
Coastal environments
This document discusses river processes and landforms. It begins by explaining the hydrological cycle and components of a drainage basin such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff and groundwater flow. River discharge is influenced by several factors like basin size, geology and land use. Meanders, floodplains, levees and deltas are landforms created by fluvial erosion and deposition. The document also examines causes of flooding and different flood management strategies.
Weathering and erosionppt
The Earth's surface is constantly changing through geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. Weathering breaks down rock and sediment into smaller pieces through forces like water, wind, ice, and plants. Erosion then transports this weathered material from one place to another via agents such as water, wind, and glacial ice based on factors like amount, slope, speed, and surface type. Finally, deposition occurs as eroded sediments are deposited in new locations, building landforms over long periods of time like deltas, canyons, river meanders, and floodplains.
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Landscapes
This document discusses weathering, erosion, and deposition processes that shape the Earth's surface. It explains that weathering breaks down rock through physical or chemical means. Erosion then transports weathered material, which is eventually deposited elsewhere. The main agents of erosion are water, wind, ice, and gravity. Glaciers in particular played a major role in shaping landscapes like those in New York State. The document also examines how climate, rock type, and other geologic factors influence landscape development over time.
Lecture and study guide rocks, soils, erosion, weathering and deposition
This document provides an overview of rocks, soils, erosion, weathering, and deposition. It discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and how they are formed. Soil formation through weathering and the layers of the soil profile are explained. Various agents and processes of erosion, weathering, and deposition are defined. Methods for controlling erosion like contour farming, terracing, and planting vegetation are also outlined. The key message is the importance of protecting natural resources and keeping the earth healthy.
Hydrology
- 97% of Earth's water is salt water found in oceans and seas, while only 3% is freshwater. Most freshwater is frozen in glaciers and ice sheets near the poles.
- Water cycles between the hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, atmosphere, and land) through the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. This is known as the water or hydrologic cycle.
- The water cycle involves water evaporating from surfaces, transpiring from plants, condensing in clouds, and falling as precipitation to then collect and flow across the land and into oceans, only to repeat the cycle.
Similar to Deposition learn earth science 2 (20)
Geomorphological variations within drainage basins
Geomorphological variations within drainage basins
WEATHERING-EROSION-MASS-WASTING-SEDIMENTATION.pptx
WEATHERING-EROSION-MASS-WASTING-SEDIMENTATION.pptx
Lecture and study guide rocks, soils, erosion, weathering and deposition
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Deposition learn earth science 2
- 1. Deposition Hydrology NOTES page 11 ©Mark Place, 2009-2010 www.LearnEarthScience.com
- 2. big objects take the least amount of time to settle
- 3. denser particles settle first
- 4. Rate of Settling Particle Shape
- 5. Rate of Deposition Slope
- 6. Rate of Deposition Stream Velocity
- 7. Rate of Deposition Stream Discharge
- 9. Where is deposition greatest? Inside of Curve Mouth of River
- 11. What agent of deposition? glacier
- 12. Deposition by Streams: Graded Bedding fast slow fast slow
- 14. What happens to particle size? Why?
- 15. What happens to particle size? decreases, because the velocity decreases
- 16. What is this? delta
- 17. large small
- 18. What agent? wind
- 19. What direction?
- 20. Glacial Deposits till unsorted
- 23. Glacial Features
- 24. Regents Review This sand dune was most likely formed by 1. water flowing from the left 2. water flowing from the right 3. wind blowing from the left 4. wind blowing from the right 3
- 25. X X X C B A Deposition Equilibrium Erosion
- 26. Which graph best represents the relationship between the discharge of a stream and the velocity of stream flow? 1. 2. 3. 4. 1
- 27. As the velocity of a stream transporting pebbles, sand, silt, and clay decreases from 30 cm/s to 0.1 cm/sec, some sediment deposition will occur. Which choice below best describes the sediments that will be deposited as a result of the decrease in stream velocity? 1. pebbles, sand and some silt 2. clay and some silt 3. pebble, sand, silt, and most of the clay 4. only some sand and clay 1
- 28. Which agent of erosion most likely produced this valley’s shape? 1. wave action 2. moving ice 3. blowing wind 4. flowing water 2
- 29. Transported sediments are usually deposited at locations in which 1. the freeing and thawing of water occurs 2. the chemical breakdown of rocks occurs 3. a decrease in the speed of the agent of erosion occurs 4. an increase in the physical weathering of rocks occurs 3
- 30. In a soil sample, the particles have the same shape but different sizes. Which graph below best represents the relationship between particle size and settling time when these particles are deposited in a quiet body of water? 1. 2. 3. 4. 4
- 31. Which statement best describes sediments deposited by glaciers and rivers? 1. Glacial deposits and river deposits are both sorted. 2. Glacial deposits are sorted, and river deposits are unsorted. 3. Glacial deposits are unsorted, and river deposits are sorted. 4. Glacial deposits and river deposits are both unsorted. 3