Erosion Test Review

1. a. soil conservation.
b. deposition.
c. abrasion.
d. erosion.
The process by which natural forces move
weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called

2. d. erosion.

3. a. mechanical weathering.
b. runoff.
c. mass movement.
d. soil formation.
Landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep
are all examples of

4. c. mass movement.

5. a. plucking and abrasion.
b. gravity.
c. chemical weathering.
d. erosion and deposition.
Mass movement is caused by

6. b. gravity.

7. a. tributary.
b. meander.
c. turbulent stream.
d. gully.
A stream or river that runs into another
stream or river is called a

8. a. tributary.

9. a. rills.
b. meanders.
c. outside curves.
d. deltas.
A river flowing across a wide flood plain
begins to form looplike bends called

10. b. meanders.

11. a. oxbow lake.
b. gully.
c. waterfall.
d. delta.
Where a river flows from an area of harder rock to
an area of softer rock, the softer rock may wear
away, eventually forming a drop called a(an)

12. c. waterfall.

13. a. divide.
b. drainage basin.
c. alluvial fan.
d. slump.
A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where
a stream leaves a mountain range is called a(an)

14. c. alluvial fan.

15. a. speeds up.
b. crosses a depression in the ground.
c. slows down or hits an obstacle.
d. cools after nightfall.
Wind carrying sand grains deposits the sand
when the wind

16. c. slows down or hits an obstacle.

17. a. snowman
b. plucking
c. glacier
d. abrasion
A __________________ is any large mass of ice
that moves slowly over land.

18. c. glacier

19. a. abrasion.
b. deflation.
c. deposition.
d. erosion.
________________________ is the process by
which wind removes surface materials and
picks up the smallest particles of sediment and
may create desert pavement.

20. b. deflation.

21. a. deflation and abrasion
b. sand dunes and loess
c. rill and gully
d. stalactite and stalagmite
Wind erosion and deposition may form
________________ and ____________ deposits.

22. b. sand dunes and loess

23. a. gravity
b. weathering
c. erosion
d. deposition
The force that moves sediment in a landslide or mudflow
is ____________________.

24. a. gravity

25. a. flood plains
b. water
c. wind
d. gravity
The major agent of erosion that shapes Earth’s land
surface is moving ____________________.

26. b. water

27. a. deltas
b. deposition
c. flood plains
d. sediments
Through erosion, rivers form
____________________, which are wide, flat areas
covered by water during floods.

28. c. flood plains

29. a. delta
b. deposition
c. flood plain
d. sediment
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an
ocean or lake is called a(an) ____________________.

30. a. delta

31. a. abrasion
b. deposition
c. sediment
d. groundwater
____________________ is the term used by geologists
for water that soaks into the ground, fills the
openings in the soil, and trickles into cracks and
spaces in layers of rock.

32. d. groundwater

33. a. currents
b. wind
c. gravity
d. abrasion
Ocean waves contain energy that is transferred to them
by ____________________ moving across the surface.

34. b. wind

35. a. wind
b. water
c. abrasion
d. gravity
The two processes by which waves erode the land
are impact and ____________________.

36. c. abrasion

37. a. middle ages
b. ice times
c. the meltdown
d. ice ages
The times in the past when continental glaciers
covered large parts of Earth’s land surface were
the ____________________.

38. d. ice ages

39. a. sediment
b. abrasion
c. delta
d. flood plain
_____________________, which consists of pieces of
rock or remains of plants and animals, is produced
by weathering and erosion.

40. a. sediment

41. a. sediment
b. gravity
c. abrasion
d. deposition
Weathering, erosion, and ______________ act
together in a cycle that wears down and builds up
the Earth’s surface.

42. d. deposition

43. a. They are carried away.
b. They sink to the bottom.
c. They move up and down, but do not move
forward.
d. They slowly move backward.
As the energy of a wave moves through the water, what
happens to the water particles themselves?

44. c. They move up and down, but do not move
forward.

45. a. there is an ice age.
b. there is a U-shaped valley in the mountains.
c. the amount of snow exceeds the amount of rain.
d. more snow falls than melts.
Glaciers can only form when

46. d. more snow falls than melts.

47. a. Vegetation, rain, and soil type.
b. Climate, the number of rivers nearby, and the
amount of erosion.
c. Deposition, tributaries, and the extent of the
floodplain.
d. The slope of the land, the amount of snowfall, and
the latitude.
The amount of runoff in an area depends on which of
the following factors?

48. a. Vegetation, rain, and soil type.

49. a. limestone is soft and its particles are easily removed through a
process of mechanical weathering.
b. stalactites and stalagmites pull particles of limestone apart and
remove them from the parent material.
c. water combines with calcium as it sinks into the ground, absorbing
and dissolving particles of carbon dioxide that hold limestone
together.
d. water combines with carbon dioxide as it sinks into the ground,
creating carbonic acid, which slowly dissolves the limestone.
Areas of limestone are easily eroded by
groundwater because

50. d. water combines with carbon dioxide as it sinks into the ground,
creating carbonic acid, which slowly dissolves the limestone.