DENTIGEROUS CYST- an odontogenic cyst that surrounds the crown of impacted tooth , develops by fluid accumulation between REE(reduced enamel epithelium) and the enamel surface , resulting in a cyst which the crown located within the lumen.
This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
This document provides information about calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs). It defines COCs and classifies them according to the WHO. COCs are rare jaw lesions characterized by ghost cells and calcifications. They are thought to arise from odontogenic epithelial remnants. Clinically, they typically present in the second decade of life with lesions more common in the maxilla than mandible. Radiographically, COCs appear well-defined with variable calcifications. Histologically, they contain ghost cells and basal cell layer with hyperchromatic nuclei. Prognosis is generally good when treated with surgical removal.
The document provides information about Pindborg tumor, also known as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). It defines CEOT as a locally invasive epithelial odontogenic neoplasm characterized by the presence of amyloid material that may become calcified. The document discusses the pathogenesis, histopathological features including epithelial cells, amyloid-like material and calcific deposits, immunohistochemical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment of CEOT. It also mentions the recurrence rate of CEOT is typically 10-15% but can be higher in certain variants.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of dentin in both primary and permanent teeth. It is classified into two main types - dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene and affects only the teeth. Type 2 may be caused by mutations in two tightly linked genes and is characterized by multiple pulp exposures and shell-like teeth. Treatment aims to prevent wear of enamel and dentin through full coverage restorations.
This document discusses and compares different types of non-odontogenic (not related to teeth) cysts. It separates them into developmental and inflammatory cysts. Developmental cysts form due to epithelial cell remnants becoming trapped during embryonic development, while inflammatory cysts form due to duct obstruction or trauma. Some examples of developmental cysts mentioned are nasopalatine duct cysts, median palatal cysts, and dermoid cysts. Inflammatory cysts include mucoceles, ranulas caused by salivary gland duct obstruction, and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. The document provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment of several of these cyst types.
Peripheral and central giant cell granulomaRijuwana77
This document discusses two types of non-epithelial tumours of the oral cavity: peripheral giant cell granuloma and central giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma originates from the periodontal membrane or alveolar bone and presents as a soft tissue nodule composed of multinucleated giant cells. Central giant cell granuloma is a rare, benign, intraosseous lesion most commonly found in the mandible of young people that causes expansion of the bone and resorption of tooth roots. Both lesions contain proliferation of multinucleated giant cells and other cells and may require surgical excision, with central giant cell granuloma having a higher rate of recurrence.
Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental anomaly affecting the ectodermal and mesodermal components of tooth development, causing teeth to be small, mottled brown, and hypocalcified. It most commonly impacts the central and lateral incisors. Radiographically, affected teeth appear ghost-like with reduced density and large pulp chambers. While the etiology is uncertain, factors like trauma, infection, and vascular defects have been suggested. Clinical diagnosis is based on irregular tooth shape and brown discoloration, while radiographs reveal a shell-like appearance. Treatment typically involves early extraction and prosthetic replacement, though restorative procedures like root canals may attempt to save affected teeth.
This case report describes CBCT findings of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCOD) in a 45-year-old woman. CBCT imaging revealed a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion extending from the right lateral incisor to the left lateral incisor. Axial and cross-sectional CBCT images showed expansion and thinning of the buccal cortex in two areas. 3D reconstructed images showed erosion of the buccal and lingual cortices. Differential diagnosis included periapical lesions and osteomyelitis, but vitality tests and imaging findings supported a diagnosis of PCOD. As PCOD is generally asymptomatic, no treatment was required beyond periodic follow
This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
This document provides information about calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs). It defines COCs and classifies them according to the WHO. COCs are rare jaw lesions characterized by ghost cells and calcifications. They are thought to arise from odontogenic epithelial remnants. Clinically, they typically present in the second decade of life with lesions more common in the maxilla than mandible. Radiographically, COCs appear well-defined with variable calcifications. Histologically, they contain ghost cells and basal cell layer with hyperchromatic nuclei. Prognosis is generally good when treated with surgical removal.
The document provides information about Pindborg tumor, also known as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). It defines CEOT as a locally invasive epithelial odontogenic neoplasm characterized by the presence of amyloid material that may become calcified. The document discusses the pathogenesis, histopathological features including epithelial cells, amyloid-like material and calcific deposits, immunohistochemical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment of CEOT. It also mentions the recurrence rate of CEOT is typically 10-15% but can be higher in certain variants.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of dentin in both primary and permanent teeth. It is classified into two main types - dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene and affects only the teeth. Type 2 may be caused by mutations in two tightly linked genes and is characterized by multiple pulp exposures and shell-like teeth. Treatment aims to prevent wear of enamel and dentin through full coverage restorations.
This document discusses and compares different types of non-odontogenic (not related to teeth) cysts. It separates them into developmental and inflammatory cysts. Developmental cysts form due to epithelial cell remnants becoming trapped during embryonic development, while inflammatory cysts form due to duct obstruction or trauma. Some examples of developmental cysts mentioned are nasopalatine duct cysts, median palatal cysts, and dermoid cysts. Inflammatory cysts include mucoceles, ranulas caused by salivary gland duct obstruction, and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. The document provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment of several of these cyst types.
Peripheral and central giant cell granulomaRijuwana77
This document discusses two types of non-epithelial tumours of the oral cavity: peripheral giant cell granuloma and central giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma originates from the periodontal membrane or alveolar bone and presents as a soft tissue nodule composed of multinucleated giant cells. Central giant cell granuloma is a rare, benign, intraosseous lesion most commonly found in the mandible of young people that causes expansion of the bone and resorption of tooth roots. Both lesions contain proliferation of multinucleated giant cells and other cells and may require surgical excision, with central giant cell granuloma having a higher rate of recurrence.
Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental anomaly affecting the ectodermal and mesodermal components of tooth development, causing teeth to be small, mottled brown, and hypocalcified. It most commonly impacts the central and lateral incisors. Radiographically, affected teeth appear ghost-like with reduced density and large pulp chambers. While the etiology is uncertain, factors like trauma, infection, and vascular defects have been suggested. Clinical diagnosis is based on irregular tooth shape and brown discoloration, while radiographs reveal a shell-like appearance. Treatment typically involves early extraction and prosthetic replacement, though restorative procedures like root canals may attempt to save affected teeth.
This case report describes CBCT findings of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCOD) in a 45-year-old woman. CBCT imaging revealed a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion extending from the right lateral incisor to the left lateral incisor. Axial and cross-sectional CBCT images showed expansion and thinning of the buccal cortex in two areas. 3D reconstructed images showed erosion of the buccal and lingual cortices. Differential diagnosis included periapical lesions and osteomyelitis, but vitality tests and imaging findings supported a diagnosis of PCOD. As PCOD is generally asymptomatic, no treatment was required beyond periodic follow
This document describes vesiculo-bullous lesions, which present clinically as vesicles or bullae that often rupture early, appearing as ulcerated or erosive areas. Some key points:
- Vesicles are fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm, while bullae contain fluid and are over 1 cm.
- Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmunity, and genetic factors.
- Examples described include herpes simplex infection, varicella zoster infection, and hand foot and mouth disease. Clinical features, pathogenesis, management are provided for each. Classification is discussed based on acute vs chronic presentation, clinical presentation, and histopathological location.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and classifies them based on their origin and location. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance and histology of specific cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Dentigerous cysts are defined as cysts originating from the separation of the dental follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are distinctive cysts that arise from cell rests of the dental lamina and have more aggressive behavior than other cysts. Complications of cysts include recurrence, development of
This document discusses different types of odontogenic tumors. It classifies them into three categories: tumors of odontogenic epithelium, mixed odontogenic tumors, and tumors of odontogenic ectomesenchyme. Key tumors discussed include ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor and can be solid/multicystic, unicystic, or peripheral. AOT typically occurs in younger females in the anterior maxilla. CEOT accounts for less than 1% of odontogenic tumors and resembles cells of the enamel organ or dental lamina.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral region, dividing them into odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic cysts include radicular, dentigerous, primordial, odontogenic keratocyst, and lateral periodontal cysts. Non-odontogenic cysts include globulomaxillary, nasolabial, median palatal, and nasopalatine canal cysts. Each cyst type is described in terms of etiology, clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, and treatment.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
This document discusses radicular cysts, which are the most common inflammatory cysts in the oral cavity. Radicular cysts arise from epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament as a result of periapical periodontitis following pulp necrosis. They are usually asymptomatic but can cause swelling and bone resorption as they expand. The cyst forms from the proliferation of epithelial cell rests in the granulation tissue surrounding the apex of an infected tooth. Histologically, they are lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by fibrous connective tissue that may contain cholesterol crystals. Treatment involves root canal therapy or extraction with curettage of the cyst lining.
Radicular cysts originate from epithelial cell rests of Malassez and form through three phases: initiation, cyst formation, and growth/enlargement. They are usually painless unless infected and associated with nonvital teeth. Calcifying odontogenic cysts contain ghost cells, which represent abnormal keratinization and have an affinity for calcification. They may also induce dental tissue formation. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors initiate from dental lamina proliferation and enlarge through factors like osmolality, inflammatory exudate, glycosaminoglycans, and collagenolytic/bone resorbing molecules. Their thin fragile linings and intrinsic growth potential contribute to high recurrence rates.
The document discusses various types of oral papillomas including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, and condyloma acuminatum. Squamous papilloma is the most common oral mucosal mass, caused by HPV types 6 and 11, and appears as a soft, painless growth. Verruca vulgaris (common wart) is associated with HPV types 2, 4, 6, and 40 and presents as rough, thickened white lesions. Condyloma acuminatum (genital wart) is sexually transmitted and associated with high-risk HPV types. The clinical and histological features of these lesions are summarized.
benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue originmadhusudhan reddy
This document discusses various connective tissue tumors that can occur in the oral cavity. It describes benign fibrous lesions like fibroma and giant cell fibroma. It also discusses benign adipose tissue lesions like lipoma. Various benign vascular lesions are described, including hemangiomas and lymphangiomas. Finally, it summarizes benign bone tissue tumors like osteoma and osteoid osteoma. For each lesion, the clinical features, histopathology, radiographic appearance, and treatment are summarized.
This document summarizes various radiopaque lesions seen in dental radiographs. It describes normal anatomical radiopacities such as those seen in the maxilla and mandible. It then discusses pathological radiopacities associated with teeth including condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, Garre's osteomyelitis, and hypercementosis. Non-tooth associated radiopacities like tori, exostoses, osteomas, and foreign bodies are also mentioned. The document provides details on the clinical features, radiographic appearance, differential diagnosis, and management of conditions like condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, periapical cemental dysplasia, and Garre
This document provides an overview of gingival enlargement (gingival overgrowth). It begins with definitions and classifications including by etiology, location/distribution, and degree. The main types discussed are inflammatory (chronic, acute), drug-induced, idiopathic, and those associated with systemic diseases. Neoplastic and false enlargements are also covered. Clinical features and treatments are described for various types. Treatment involves scaling, root planing, gingivoplasty and gingivectomy which can be performed conventionally, with electrosurgery, lasers, or chemosurgery.
The document summarizes information about periapical cysts, also known as radicular cysts or apical cysts. It defines a periapical cyst as an odontogenic cyst derived from cell rests of Malassez that proliferate in response to inflammation from pulpal necrosis. Periapical cysts typically present as round radiolucencies associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth. Histologically, they contain a lumen lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue wall. Treatment involves extraction of the involved tooth along with cyst enucleation or marsupialization.
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the size, shape, number and structure of teeth. Regarding size, it describes microdontia where teeth are smaller than normal, and macrodontia where teeth are larger. For shape, it discusses anomalies such as gemination, fusion, concrescence and dilaceration. It also covers rare formations like talon cusps, dens in dente and dens evaginatus. The number of teeth can be affected by complete anodontia where no teeth form, or supernumerary teeth where extra teeth are present. Radiographic and clinical features of each condition are provided along with potential causes and treatments.
This document describes fibroma, a benign mesenchymal tumor that is the most common benign soft tissue neoplasm in the oral cavity. It can occur peripherally or centrally, appears well-defined with a normal or pale color, and has a smooth, non-ulcerated surface. Histologically, it is covered by stretched stratified squamous epithelium with flattened rete pegs and can contain hyperplastic fibrous connective tissue, calcifications, or ossifications. When traumatized, it may develop inflammatory cells, vasodilation, and edema. Treatment is conservative surgical excision, with rare recurrence.
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
Brief notes on the inflammation of Alveolar bone that surrounds a tooth that has recently been extracted. It occurs as a complication of tooth extraction.
This document provides an overview of aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores. It discusses their other names, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, presentations as minor, major or herpetiform ulcers, diagnosis, differentials, associated systemic disorders, and treatment. The three main types are minor aphthae (Mikulicz ulcers), major aphthae (Sutton’s ulcers) and herpetiform aphthae (Cooke’s ulcers). Diagnosis involves meeting major and minor criteria. Aphthous ulcers can be associated with conditions like celiac disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Treatment options are also covered.
Clinical features and histopathology of dental cariesSAGAR HIWALE
This document provides an overview of the classification of dental caries based on various factors such as anatomical site, progression, extent of involvement, number of tooth surfaces affected, chronology, and whether caries was fully removed during treatment. It discusses 12 different classification systems for dental caries and provides details on types of caries such as pit and fissure, smooth surface, root surface, incipient, occult, and others based on these classification criteria. The document also covers the histopathology of caries in enamel and dentin.
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
This seminar consists of various cysts seen in the oral cavity alonh with various classifications and added case repots for better understanding and the various treatment protocols followed for treating various cysts.
1) Cysts are pathological cavities that can form in hard or soft tissues and may contain fluid, semisolid, or gaseous material.
2) Cysts are generally classified as intraosseous or soft tissue cysts, and epithelial or non-epithelial cysts.
3) Common intraosseous cysts include odontogenic cysts like dentigerous and radicular cysts arising from dental tissues, and non-odontogenic cysts such as nasopalatine duct cysts arising from other epithelial tissues.
This document describes vesiculo-bullous lesions, which present clinically as vesicles or bullae that often rupture early, appearing as ulcerated or erosive areas. Some key points:
- Vesicles are fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm, while bullae contain fluid and are over 1 cm.
- Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmunity, and genetic factors.
- Examples described include herpes simplex infection, varicella zoster infection, and hand foot and mouth disease. Clinical features, pathogenesis, management are provided for each. Classification is discussed based on acute vs chronic presentation, clinical presentation, and histopathological location.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and classifies them based on their origin and location. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance and histology of specific cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Dentigerous cysts are defined as cysts originating from the separation of the dental follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are distinctive cysts that arise from cell rests of the dental lamina and have more aggressive behavior than other cysts. Complications of cysts include recurrence, development of
This document discusses different types of odontogenic tumors. It classifies them into three categories: tumors of odontogenic epithelium, mixed odontogenic tumors, and tumors of odontogenic ectomesenchyme. Key tumors discussed include ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor and can be solid/multicystic, unicystic, or peripheral. AOT typically occurs in younger females in the anterior maxilla. CEOT accounts for less than 1% of odontogenic tumors and resembles cells of the enamel organ or dental lamina.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral region, dividing them into odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic cysts include radicular, dentigerous, primordial, odontogenic keratocyst, and lateral periodontal cysts. Non-odontogenic cysts include globulomaxillary, nasolabial, median palatal, and nasopalatine canal cysts. Each cyst type is described in terms of etiology, clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, and treatment.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
This document discusses radicular cysts, which are the most common inflammatory cysts in the oral cavity. Radicular cysts arise from epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament as a result of periapical periodontitis following pulp necrosis. They are usually asymptomatic but can cause swelling and bone resorption as they expand. The cyst forms from the proliferation of epithelial cell rests in the granulation tissue surrounding the apex of an infected tooth. Histologically, they are lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by fibrous connective tissue that may contain cholesterol crystals. Treatment involves root canal therapy or extraction with curettage of the cyst lining.
Radicular cysts originate from epithelial cell rests of Malassez and form through three phases: initiation, cyst formation, and growth/enlargement. They are usually painless unless infected and associated with nonvital teeth. Calcifying odontogenic cysts contain ghost cells, which represent abnormal keratinization and have an affinity for calcification. They may also induce dental tissue formation. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors initiate from dental lamina proliferation and enlarge through factors like osmolality, inflammatory exudate, glycosaminoglycans, and collagenolytic/bone resorbing molecules. Their thin fragile linings and intrinsic growth potential contribute to high recurrence rates.
The document discusses various types of oral papillomas including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, and condyloma acuminatum. Squamous papilloma is the most common oral mucosal mass, caused by HPV types 6 and 11, and appears as a soft, painless growth. Verruca vulgaris (common wart) is associated with HPV types 2, 4, 6, and 40 and presents as rough, thickened white lesions. Condyloma acuminatum (genital wart) is sexually transmitted and associated with high-risk HPV types. The clinical and histological features of these lesions are summarized.
benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue originmadhusudhan reddy
This document discusses various connective tissue tumors that can occur in the oral cavity. It describes benign fibrous lesions like fibroma and giant cell fibroma. It also discusses benign adipose tissue lesions like lipoma. Various benign vascular lesions are described, including hemangiomas and lymphangiomas. Finally, it summarizes benign bone tissue tumors like osteoma and osteoid osteoma. For each lesion, the clinical features, histopathology, radiographic appearance, and treatment are summarized.
This document summarizes various radiopaque lesions seen in dental radiographs. It describes normal anatomical radiopacities such as those seen in the maxilla and mandible. It then discusses pathological radiopacities associated with teeth including condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, Garre's osteomyelitis, and hypercementosis. Non-tooth associated radiopacities like tori, exostoses, osteomas, and foreign bodies are also mentioned. The document provides details on the clinical features, radiographic appearance, differential diagnosis, and management of conditions like condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, periapical cemental dysplasia, and Garre
This document provides an overview of gingival enlargement (gingival overgrowth). It begins with definitions and classifications including by etiology, location/distribution, and degree. The main types discussed are inflammatory (chronic, acute), drug-induced, idiopathic, and those associated with systemic diseases. Neoplastic and false enlargements are also covered. Clinical features and treatments are described for various types. Treatment involves scaling, root planing, gingivoplasty and gingivectomy which can be performed conventionally, with electrosurgery, lasers, or chemosurgery.
The document summarizes information about periapical cysts, also known as radicular cysts or apical cysts. It defines a periapical cyst as an odontogenic cyst derived from cell rests of Malassez that proliferate in response to inflammation from pulpal necrosis. Periapical cysts typically present as round radiolucencies associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth. Histologically, they contain a lumen lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue wall. Treatment involves extraction of the involved tooth along with cyst enucleation or marsupialization.
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the size, shape, number and structure of teeth. Regarding size, it describes microdontia where teeth are smaller than normal, and macrodontia where teeth are larger. For shape, it discusses anomalies such as gemination, fusion, concrescence and dilaceration. It also covers rare formations like talon cusps, dens in dente and dens evaginatus. The number of teeth can be affected by complete anodontia where no teeth form, or supernumerary teeth where extra teeth are present. Radiographic and clinical features of each condition are provided along with potential causes and treatments.
This document describes fibroma, a benign mesenchymal tumor that is the most common benign soft tissue neoplasm in the oral cavity. It can occur peripherally or centrally, appears well-defined with a normal or pale color, and has a smooth, non-ulcerated surface. Histologically, it is covered by stretched stratified squamous epithelium with flattened rete pegs and can contain hyperplastic fibrous connective tissue, calcifications, or ossifications. When traumatized, it may develop inflammatory cells, vasodilation, and edema. Treatment is conservative surgical excision, with rare recurrence.
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
Brief notes on the inflammation of Alveolar bone that surrounds a tooth that has recently been extracted. It occurs as a complication of tooth extraction.
This document provides an overview of aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores. It discusses their other names, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, presentations as minor, major or herpetiform ulcers, diagnosis, differentials, associated systemic disorders, and treatment. The three main types are minor aphthae (Mikulicz ulcers), major aphthae (Sutton’s ulcers) and herpetiform aphthae (Cooke’s ulcers). Diagnosis involves meeting major and minor criteria. Aphthous ulcers can be associated with conditions like celiac disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Treatment options are also covered.
Clinical features and histopathology of dental cariesSAGAR HIWALE
This document provides an overview of the classification of dental caries based on various factors such as anatomical site, progression, extent of involvement, number of tooth surfaces affected, chronology, and whether caries was fully removed during treatment. It discusses 12 different classification systems for dental caries and provides details on types of caries such as pit and fissure, smooth surface, root surface, incipient, occult, and others based on these classification criteria. The document also covers the histopathology of caries in enamel and dentin.
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
This seminar consists of various cysts seen in the oral cavity alonh with various classifications and added case repots for better understanding and the various treatment protocols followed for treating various cysts.
1) Cysts are pathological cavities that can form in hard or soft tissues and may contain fluid, semisolid, or gaseous material.
2) Cysts are generally classified as intraosseous or soft tissue cysts, and epithelial or non-epithelial cysts.
3) Common intraosseous cysts include odontogenic cysts like dentigerous and radicular cysts arising from dental tissues, and non-odontogenic cysts such as nasopalatine duct cysts arising from other epithelial tissues.
This document provides information on various types of cysts that can occur in the oral cavity. It defines cysts and discusses their parts and classification. It describes the pathogenesis and factors involved in cyst initiation and enlargement. It then examines several specific cysts in more detail, including their definitions, locations, clinical and radiographic features, pathogenesis and complications. The cysts discussed include dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, eruption cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, nasopalatine duct cysts and nasolabial cysts. Frequency data on common cyst types is also presented.
The document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts that develop in the jaws. It defines odontogenic cysts and provides classifications based on etiology and location. Key cysts discussed in detail include the dentigerous cyst, which forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth, and the lateral periodontal cyst, which occurs on the root surface of a vital tooth. For each cyst, the document outlines clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, pathogenesis and treatment.
The document discusses cysts of the jaws and oral region. It defines a cyst as a fluid or semi-fluid filled cavity lined by epithelium. Cysts are classified as true cysts, which are epithelial lined, or false/pseudocysts without an epithelial lining. Odontogenic cysts are associated with teeth and develop from epithelial cell rests involved in tooth development. Non-odontogenic cysts occur in areas unrelated to teeth. Theories of cyst pathogenesis include proliferation of dormant epithelial cells due to growth factors, central cell death creating a cavity, and growth through osmotic pressure differences.
1. The document discusses different types of cysts found in the oral cavity, including dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts, and odontogenic keratocysts.
2. Dentigerous cysts originate from fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and a tooth crown. Radicular cysts arise from epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament following pulp necrosis. Odontogenic keratocysts arise from dental lamina cell rests.
3. Key diagnostic features, histological characteristics, recurrence risks, and treatment considerations are provided for each cyst type. Differential diagnoses are also mentioned.
Cysts in orofacial regions were discussed. Key points include:
1. Cysts are pathological cavities lined by epithelium and filled with fluid/semi-solid material. Common types are odontogenic cysts like dentigerous and keratocysts.
2. Dentigerous cysts form between reduced enamel epithelium and tooth crown, associated with unerupted teeth. Keratocysts have high recurrence rates due to thin fragile lining.
3. Treatment options are marsupialization to shrink large cysts, and enucleation to remove the cyst lining along with the associated tooth/teeth.
1. The document discusses various cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region, classifying them as either epithelial-lined cysts or non-epithelial lined cysts and further dividing them based on anatomical location and origin.
2. Key cysts discussed in detail include dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and eruption cysts. Dentigerous cysts form around the crowns of unerupted teeth, odontogenic keratocysts have a higher recurrence rate than other cysts, and eruption cysts are blood-filled swellings associated with delayed tooth eruption.
3. Radiographic, hist
cysts of oral and maxillofacial region.pdfasishkp1
The document discusses various cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. It begins by defining cysts and describing their general characteristics such as being fluid-filled cavities lined by epithelium and growing slowly by expansion. It then describes different types of cysts including true cysts lined by epithelium and pseudo cysts not lined by epithelium. The document further classifies cysts based on their location, discusses their pathogenesis, and provides details on specific cysts such as dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, eruption cysts, and lateral periodontal cysts including their definitions, clinical features, radiographic appearances, histology, and complications.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and classifies them based on their origin and location. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance and histology of specific cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Dentigerous cysts are defined as cysts originating from the separation of the dental follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are distinctive cysts that arise from cell rests of the dental lamina and have more aggressive behavior than other cysts. Complications of cysts include recurrence, development of
This document provides information on various odontogenic tumors including:
- Ameloblastoma - A benign but locally aggressive tumor that can cause facial deformities. It has follicular and plexiform histological patterns.
- Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) - A locally aggressive tumor consisting of epithelial strands and spheres often accompanied by calcifications. It can be central or peripheral.
- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) - A non-aggressive lesion usually found around crowns of unerupted teeth consisting of epithelial swirls and ducts with calcifications.
The document describes clinical features, radiographic appearances, histological patterns and characteristics of these
An overview of various pathological processes affecting the Jaw Bones- Maxilla and Mandible including odontogenic cysts and tumours including their radiological findings!
The document provides information about dentigerous cysts, including their definition, characteristics, and pathogenesis. Some key points:
- Dentigerous cysts originate from the separation of the dental follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. They enclose the crown and are attached to the cementoenamel junction.
- They most commonly occur in males in the first to third decades of life, associated with mandibular third molars or maxillary canines. Large cysts can cause bone expansion and displacement of teeth.
- Radiographically, they appear as well-defined radiolucencies surrounding the crown of an impacted tooth. Histologically, the lining is non-
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2. TOPICS
CYST
❖ DENTIGEROUS CYST
⮚ INTRODUCTION
⮚ ETIOLOGY
⮚ CLINICAL FEATURES
⮚ RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
⮚ HISTOPATHALOGY
⮚ TREATMENT AND PROBNOSIS
❖ CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST
⮚ INTRODUCTION
⮚ ETIOLOGY
⮚ CLINICAL FEATURES
⮚ RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
⮚ HISTOPATHALOGY
⮚ TREATMENT AND PROBNOSIS
3. CYST
� It is Defined as a pathological cavity , may or may
not be lined by epithelium and containing fluid ,
semisolid or gaseous material.
� It is more common in orafacial region and it is most
common cause for chronic jaw swellings.
4. CYST
� Epithelium of the cysts of oral and paraoral
region usually derived from odontogenic
apparatus , their remnants or the epithelium
get entrapped at line of fusion of various
facial processes during development.
� Wall/capsule of cyst consist of collagenous
fiberous connective tissue which produce
various bone resorption factor for its growth
and expansion.
8. DENTIGEROUS CYST(FOLLICULAR
CYST)
It defined as odontogenic
cyst that surrounds the
crown of impacted tooth ,
develops by fluid
accumulation between
REE(reduced enamel
epithelium) and the enamel
surface , resulting in a cyst
which the crown located
within the lumen.
9. DENTIGEROUS CYST
� Most common
developmental odontogenic
cyst (about 20% of all jaw
cysts).
� Population estimation :-1.44
cyst for every 100 unerupted
teeth.
� 10% of impacted teeth
formed a dentigerous cyst.
� It mainly involves the crown
of permanent tooth
(deciduous tooth is rarely
involved).
10. DENTIGEROUS CYST
� Mostly developmental in origin
but some example appear
inflammatory pathogenesis-when
dentigerous cyst develop around
crown of unerupted permanent
tooth due to periapical
inflammation from overlying
primary tooth.
� Misdiagnosed :- KERATOCYST OF
ENVELOPMENTAL
VARIENTY,FOLLICULAR
KERATOCYST,UNILOCULAR
AMELOBLASTOMA,- radiologically-
so diagnosis-based upon
defination
11. PATHOGENESIS
INTRAFOLLICULAR
� Occurs due to
accumulation of fluid
between the layers of
reduced enamel
epithelium i.e inner
enamel and outer
enamel epithelium
after formation of
crown.
EXTRAFOLLICULAR
�Cyst forms by
accumulation of
fluid between
the unerupted
tooth and
reduced enamel
epithelium.
Two origins
12. PATHOGENESIS
INTRAFOLLICULAR
� Occurs within
enamel organ- by
degeneration of
stellate reticulum at
an early stage of
tooth development-
resulting in cyst
formation
associated with
enamel hypoplasia.
EXTRAFOLLICULAR
� Crown of
permanent tooth
may impinge into
the already existing
radicular cyst
around the
deciduous teeth but
this is rare because
radicular cyst rarely
associated with
deciduous teeth.
13. PATHOGENESIS
INTRAFOLLICULAR
� The fluid pressure incites
a proliferation of OEE
which remains attached
to tooth at CEJ and the
IEE is then pressed onto
the crown surface.
EXTRAFOLLICULAR
� but an inflammatory
follicular cyst - may
develop due to
inflammation at apex of
decidous tooth.
16. CYST EXPANSION
3.Release of GAG from the walls &
their diffusion into cyst fluids - play
an important role in expansile cyst
growth by increasing osmolality of
cyst fluid,hence raising internal
hydrostatic pressure of cyst.
4.Passage of Desquamated
Epithelial cells & Inflammatory cells
into cyst cavity contribute to
increase in intracystic osmotic
tension further expansion of cyst.
17. Clinical features
� 2nd and 3rd decade -most of lesion
� Male:Female ratio - 3:2
� Always associated with impacted,
embedded or unerupted tooth.
� Common Sites :- Mandibular and
Maxillary third molar and Maxillary
cuspid area (commonly impacted
teeth).
� mostly dentigerous cyst are solitary
,bilateral dentigerous cysts are rare if
present due to associated with
numerous syndrome (cleidocranial
dysplasia and Maroteaux-lamy
syndrome).
Cleidocranial dysplasia:-rare ,
genetic condition that affects
teeth and bones.
Maroteaux-lamy syndrome:-
inherited disease caused by
deficiency in the enzyme
ASRB(arylsulfatase B)
responsible for breakdown of
large sugar molecules.
18. Clinical Features
• Potent to become
aggressive lesion.
• Expastion of bone with
1. Subsequent facial
asymmetry
2. Extreme displacement of
teeth
3. Severe root resorption of
adjacent teeth
4. Pain are brought by
continued enlargement of
the cyst or secondary
infection.
19. Clinical Features
� Unerupted 3rd
molar -result in
“hallowing out” -
entire ramus
,extending upto
coronoid process
and condyle or
cortical plates are
also involved due
pressure exerted by
lesion.
20. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
� Unerupted tooth crown lined by symmetrically by
radiolucency area.
� distinction between small dentigerous cyst and
enlarged dental follicle by follicular space (normal
3-4mm,D.cyst- more than 5mm).
21. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
• Three Radiological
variation of
dentigerous cyst are:-
1. Central dentigerous
cyst
2. Lateral dentigerous
cyst
3. Circumferential
dentigerous cyst
22. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURE :-
• Radiolucent area surrounded by
thin sclerotic line represent bony
reaction.
• Cyst is smooth, unilocular lesion but
sometime multilocular appearance
may occur
1. CENTRAL DENTIGEROUS CYST
• Crown enveloped symmertically
• Pressure applied to crown push
tooth away from direction of
eruption.
• mandibular 3rd molar pushed to
lower border of mandible.
• maxillary canine pushed into
maxillary sinus.
23. 2. LATERAL DENTIGEROUS CYST
• Dilatation of follicle -in one
aspect of crown.
• Commonly seen in
impacted mandibular 3rd
molar which is partially
erupted-as its superior
aspect is exposed.
3. CIRCUMFERENTIAL
DENTIGEROUS CYST
• Follicle expands in such
manner in which the entire
tooth appearsto be
enveloped by cyst.
24. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
� No characteristic microscopic features
can reliably distinguish dentigerous
cyst from other type of odontogentic
cysts.
� Composed of thin connective tissue
wall with thin layer of stratified
squamous epithelium lining the lumen.
� Rete pegs formation is generally
absent except in secondary infection.
� consist loose fibrous connective tissue
or sparsely collagenized myxomatous
tissue which can be mistakenly
diagnosed as either odontogenic
fibroma or odontogenic myxoma.
25. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
� Presence of varying number of
islands of odontogenic epithelium
� Cyst exhibit inflammation have
Rushton bodies within the lining
epithelium.
� Cyst lumen thin,watery yellow fluid,
occasionally blood tinged.
� Pluripotentialities of epithelium
emphasized by Gorlin who
described -mucus secreting cells in
-lining stratified squamous
epithelium, -respiratory epithelium
lining,-sebaceous cell in C.T wall ,-
lymphoid follicles with germinal
centres
26. TREATMENT
� Treatment usually dictated
by size of lesion:-
� small lesions can removed
entirely by surgically with
little difficulty.
� large cyst lead to serious
loss of bone often treated
by surgical drain or
marsupializaton.
� In complete surgical
removal may potentially
danger of fracturing the
jaw.
� recurrence is relatively
uncommon.
27. POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS
� Development of an ameloblastoma either from the
lining epithelium or from rests of odontogenic
epithelium in the wall of the cyst.
� Development of epidermoid carcinoma from the
same two sources of epithelium.
� Development of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
� Vickers and Godin have stressed that
hyperchromatism of basal cell nuclei, palisading
with polarization of basal cells and cytoplasmic
vacuolization with intercellular spacing of the lining
epithelium, when observed together, are
manifestations of impending neoplasia .
29. CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC
CYST
▪ ALSO KNOWN AS:-
• Keratinizing and/or calcifying
epithelial odontogenic cyst
• Gorlin cyst
• Cystic keratinizing tumor
It first described by
Gorlin(1962):-
A distinct clinicopathologic
entity and a possible oral
analogue of pilomatrixoma of
skin,showing to the presence of
ghost cell keratinization.
30. TERMS
� GOLD(1963)-termed as namely
“Keratinizing and COC”
� KURT THOMA and HENRY GOLDMAN:-
consider these lesion to odontogenic
tumors of ectodermal and
mesodermal origin.
� Striking histological feature:- “ghost
cell” keratinization of odontogenic
epithelium.
� Lesion share more histologic feature
with rare , intracranial neoplasm K/a
'Craniopharyngioma'
31. CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC
CYST
� According to the dualistic concept. COC
contains two entities- a cyst and a
neoplasm.
� Some regarded COC as a tumor with a
tendency for cyst formation.
� WHO(2004) based on this monistic concept
classified all COCS as neoplasms.
� The cystic lesion is termed as “calcifying
cystic odontogenic tumor”.
� The neoplastic variant as ''Dentinogenic
32. CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC
CYST
� WHO latest classification (2017), they are moved back
to cyst category they clinically behave like “Non-
Neoplastic lesion”.
� COC represents a heterogeneous group of lesions
that exhibit a variety of clinicopathologic and
behavioral features.
� Because of this diversity, there is confusion and
disagreement on the terminology and classification of
these lesions.
� This lesion present either as cyst or neoplasm (Solid).
33. DUALISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF COC (BY
TOIDA ET AL)
� CYST:
-Calcifying Ghost Cell Odontogenic Cyst (CGCOC)
� NEOPLASM:
A. Benign: Calcifying Ghost Cell Odontogenic Tumour
a. Cystic variant: Cystic CGCOT
b. Solid Variant: Solid CGCOT
B. Malignant: Malignant CGCOT
� COMBINED LESION : Each of the categories mentioned above ( CGCOC,
CGCOT and malignant CGCOT) associated with the following lesions.
� α Odontoma
� β Ameloblastoma
� γ Other odontogenic lesion
34. CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC
CYST
� Neoplastic variant -
aggressive and behave as
malignant neoplasm, which is
termed as “Ghost cell
Odontogenic Carcinoma”.
� Cystic variant-more common
than the neoplastic or solid
variant.
� In the extraosseous variants-
two-thirds are cystic.
35. Etiology
� Pathogenesis - uncertain
� Believed to develop from dental lamina,
reduced enamel epithelium,
odontogenic epithelial remnants,
gingiva or bone.
36. CLINICAL FEATURE
� AGE:- Average (30 year old).
� No gender Predilecation.
� Site :- both in maxilla and
mandible, with increased
occurrence in incisor and
canine region.
� COC associated with other
odontogenic lesions such as:-
odontomas, adenomatoid
odontogenic tumors and
{ameloblastomas}.
� COC with Odontomas:-
younger patient [age-17 year
old(avg)], Painless Swelling ].
37. CLINICAL FEATURE
� Extraosseous lesions-
tender,painful swelling of
gingiva and they account 5%-
17% of all cases.
� Occur in 6th to 8th decades of
life
� Presence as fibroepithelial
polyp, pyogenic granuloma or
peripheral giant cell
granuloma.
38. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
� Well defined unilocular radiolucent lesions and may have scalloped
borders.
� Resorption and Displacement of adjacent teeth are not un-common.
� Radio-opacities representing the calcifications or odontomes are seen in
1/2(half) of the cases.
� Extra osseous lesions may have saucer shaped radiolucencies.
39. HISTOPATHALOGIC FEATURES
� It is a Simple cyst with a fibrous
wall lined by ameloblastoma like
epithelium,with focal collections
of ghost cells which may -
calcify.
� The lining epithelium may be of 4
to 10 cells in thickness(fig A).
� The basal layer is made up of
cuboidal or palisaded tall
columnar cells (fig C).
� The epithelial cells above this
layer are many cells thick and
40. HISTOPATHALOGIC FEATURES
� Characteristic feature -
presence of ghost cells.
� Pale, eosinophilic enlarged,
ballooned, elongated
elliptoid or ovoid epithelial
cells,with indistinct outline
and appear as fused when
in groups.
� Nuclear membrane is faint
due to the degeneration of
the nuclear content.
� Cells represent an abnormal
keratinization process and
tend to calcify.
41. HISTOPATHALOGIC FEATURES
� Calcifications appear as
basophilic and are
believed to be of
dystrophic type.
� Juxtaepithelial dyplastic
dentin (dentinoid)
formation.
� Lining epithelium may
proliferate into the
lumen and the lumen
may be filled with
masses of ghost cells
and calcifications(fig D).
42. TREATMENT AND PROBNOSIS
� Enucleation is the treatment of
choice for calcifying cystic
odontogenic tumour.
� Few recurrences of the
intraosseous type have been
reported.
� Central (intraosseous)
dentinogenic ghost cell tumour
is treated by surgical excision.
� Removal of the tumour may
require block excision or
segmental resection,
depending on its size or
anatomic extent.