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BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS IN DENMARK 
BilingualEducation: Policy, Programmes and Practice–Andrea BacigalupiTroule
INTRODUCTION 
•NordiccountryintheNorthofEurope. 
•LocatedsouthofNorwayandSwedenandborderswithGermany. 
•TheKingdomofDenmarkincludesGreenlandandtheFaroeIslands,butbothhavetheirownautonomy. 
•Monolingualsetting.Danishistheofficiallanguage.
CONTEXT 
•5,627,000 inhabitants. (StatistiksDenmark, 2014) 
-600,674 immigrants. 11.1% of the population. 
•Danish is the official language of Denmark. 
-Most population speaks English. 
-German is the second foreign language most spoken. 
-Danish, Swedish and Norwegian are mutually understandable.
CONTEXT 
Overview of the Danish Education System 
Folkeskole 
(Basic education) 
UpperSecondary 
Education 
Source: Danish Ministry of Education
LINGUISTIC POLICY 
•There’snospecificlegislationestablishingoverallregulationfortheuseoflanguage. 
•ThelocalauthoritiesaretheonesresponsibleforofferinglanguagestimulationtrainingtothebilingualchildrenlivinginDenmark. 
-Beforestartingschool:languagestimulationtraining. 
-Primaryandlowersecondaryeducation:“Danishasasecondlanguage” 
•Extra-curriculareducationinimmigrantlanguagesjustforchildrenfromtheEU,EuropeanEconomicArea,GreenlandandFaroeIslands. 
•LinguisticlegislationisfocusedonstrengtheningDanish. 
Councilof Europe/ERICarts. Country profile Denmark (2012). http://www.culturalpolicies.net/down/denmark_032012.pdfLanguage Rich Europe (2012) http://www.language-rich.eu/fileadmin/content/pdf/LRE_English_Language_Rich_Europe_-_Trends_in_Policies_and_Practices_for_Multilingualism_in_Europe.pdf
BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELSMainstreambilingual education 
Mainstream education with FL teaching 
International basic 
schools
BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS 
Mainstreambilingualeducation 
•Immigrantstudentsareplacedinmainstreamschools. 
•Maingoal:Assimilationofthemajoritylanguage,Danish. 
•Schoolsoffer“Danishasasecondlanguage” 
-Studentswhoneedbasicinstruction:receptionclass. 
-Studentswhotakepartintheordinaryteaching:pull-outclasses. 
Danish Ministry of Education (n.d.). http://eng.uvm.dk/Education
BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS 
Internationalbasicschools 
•Privateelementaryschools. 
•InstructioninalanguagedifferentthanDanish. 
•Designedforinternationalstudents,childrenlivinginDenmarkforashorttime,etc. 
English schools 
French school 
German schools 
•French as the main language of instruction 
•Curriculum model from France 
•Bilingual education in Danish and German 
•Dual language programmes 
International schools in Denmark (n.d.). http://www.expat-quotes.com/guides/denmark/education/international-schools-in-denmark.htm 
•English as the principle language of instruction 
•Different types of curriculums: -International Baccalaurete(IB) programmes. -Cambridge Educational System
BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS 
Mainstream education with FL teaching 
•Danishasthemediumofinstruction. 
•English,FrenchandGermantaughtasforeignlanguages. 
-English:obligatorysubjectfrom3rdto9thgrade. 
-GermanorFrench:electivesubjectfrom7thto10thyear 
•Traditionalmethods. 
•ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)programmeshavenotbeenimplemented. 
Danish Ministry of Education (n.d.). http://eng.uvm.dk/Education
RESULTS OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION 
•Since2000DenmarkhastakenpartinfourPISAassessments.(Horst,2010) 
-PISA2001:lowerperformanceofminoritylanguagebilingualstudents. 
-PISACopenhagen2004:Similarresults,bigdifferencesbetweenDanishandbilingualstudents. 
-PISACopenhagen2007:improvementinreadingcompetence.Stilllowscores. 
•Betterperformanceof2ndgenerationimmigrants 
•PISAresultsshowahighnumberofbilingualstudentsmaynotcompletefurthereducation.
CONCLUSIONS 
•Danishsocietyhaschangedduetothephenomenonofimmigration. 
•Danishschoolsystemhastocopewiththeemergingneedsofthestudents. 
•Danishlinguisticpolicyshouldn’texclusivelybefocusedonDanishlanguage. 
•Extra-curriculareducationinimmigrantlanguagesshouldbeofferedtoallchildren.

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Denmark presentation

  • 1. BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS IN DENMARK BilingualEducation: Policy, Programmes and Practice–Andrea BacigalupiTroule
  • 2. INTRODUCTION •NordiccountryintheNorthofEurope. •LocatedsouthofNorwayandSwedenandborderswithGermany. •TheKingdomofDenmarkincludesGreenlandandtheFaroeIslands,butbothhavetheirownautonomy. •Monolingualsetting.Danishistheofficiallanguage.
  • 3. CONTEXT •5,627,000 inhabitants. (StatistiksDenmark, 2014) -600,674 immigrants. 11.1% of the population. •Danish is the official language of Denmark. -Most population speaks English. -German is the second foreign language most spoken. -Danish, Swedish and Norwegian are mutually understandable.
  • 4. CONTEXT Overview of the Danish Education System Folkeskole (Basic education) UpperSecondary Education Source: Danish Ministry of Education
  • 5. LINGUISTIC POLICY •There’snospecificlegislationestablishingoverallregulationfortheuseoflanguage. •ThelocalauthoritiesaretheonesresponsibleforofferinglanguagestimulationtrainingtothebilingualchildrenlivinginDenmark. -Beforestartingschool:languagestimulationtraining. -Primaryandlowersecondaryeducation:“Danishasasecondlanguage” •Extra-curriculareducationinimmigrantlanguagesjustforchildrenfromtheEU,EuropeanEconomicArea,GreenlandandFaroeIslands. •LinguisticlegislationisfocusedonstrengtheningDanish. Councilof Europe/ERICarts. Country profile Denmark (2012). http://www.culturalpolicies.net/down/denmark_032012.pdfLanguage Rich Europe (2012) http://www.language-rich.eu/fileadmin/content/pdf/LRE_English_Language_Rich_Europe_-_Trends_in_Policies_and_Practices_for_Multilingualism_in_Europe.pdf
  • 6. BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELSMainstreambilingual education Mainstream education with FL teaching International basic schools
  • 7. BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS Mainstreambilingualeducation •Immigrantstudentsareplacedinmainstreamschools. •Maingoal:Assimilationofthemajoritylanguage,Danish. •Schoolsoffer“Danishasasecondlanguage” -Studentswhoneedbasicinstruction:receptionclass. -Studentswhotakepartintheordinaryteaching:pull-outclasses. Danish Ministry of Education (n.d.). http://eng.uvm.dk/Education
  • 8. BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS Internationalbasicschools •Privateelementaryschools. •InstructioninalanguagedifferentthanDanish. •Designedforinternationalstudents,childrenlivinginDenmarkforashorttime,etc. English schools French school German schools •French as the main language of instruction •Curriculum model from France •Bilingual education in Danish and German •Dual language programmes International schools in Denmark (n.d.). http://www.expat-quotes.com/guides/denmark/education/international-schools-in-denmark.htm •English as the principle language of instruction •Different types of curriculums: -International Baccalaurete(IB) programmes. -Cambridge Educational System
  • 9. BILINGUAL EDUCATION MODELS Mainstream education with FL teaching •Danishasthemediumofinstruction. •English,FrenchandGermantaughtasforeignlanguages. -English:obligatorysubjectfrom3rdto9thgrade. -GermanorFrench:electivesubjectfrom7thto10thyear •Traditionalmethods. •ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)programmeshavenotbeenimplemented. Danish Ministry of Education (n.d.). http://eng.uvm.dk/Education
  • 10. RESULTS OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION •Since2000DenmarkhastakenpartinfourPISAassessments.(Horst,2010) -PISA2001:lowerperformanceofminoritylanguagebilingualstudents. -PISACopenhagen2004:Similarresults,bigdifferencesbetweenDanishandbilingualstudents. -PISACopenhagen2007:improvementinreadingcompetence.Stilllowscores. •Betterperformanceof2ndgenerationimmigrants •PISAresultsshowahighnumberofbilingualstudentsmaynotcompletefurthereducation.
  • 11. CONCLUSIONS •Danishsocietyhaschangedduetothephenomenonofimmigration. •Danishschoolsystemhastocopewiththeemergingneedsofthestudents. •Danishlinguisticpolicyshouldn’texclusivelybefocusedonDanishlanguage. •Extra-curriculareducationinimmigrantlanguagesshouldbeofferedtoallchildren.