Germany has a rich cultural heritage in music, theater, and the automotive industry that attracts many tourists. Major festivals celebrating music, carnival, Christmas markets, and Oktoberfest have significant economic and social impacts. Germany also has a long history with the Catholic church, as evidenced by several German Popes, and spiritual travel is promoted through sites related to Martin Luther and passion plays. The country's cultural legacy continues to shape its industries and society today.

1. HTM 2118 Hospitality and Culture Dinatra Jacqueline Joey Lo Samuel Cheung Tommy Au Vivien Law

2. Germany-Brief Introduction Country Name: Federal Republic of Germany Area: 357,027 sq km (137,849 sq miles) Population: 82.5 million (UN, 2008) German 94%, Turks 2.2% Capital: Berlin, 3.4 million inhabitants Major language: Standard German, with substantial differences in regional dialects. Three very small linguistic minorities speak Serbian, Danish, or Frisian. Major religion: Christianity, Protestant 26%, Roman Catholic 26%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%, Muslim 3.7% National flag : Three horizontal stripes in black, red, golden yellow

3. Germany- Brief Introduction Main exports: Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and metals GNI per capita: US $38,860 (World Bank, 2007) Economy: ** GDP: €2,425 bn GDP per head: €29,500 Annual Growth: 2.5% Inflation: 2.6% (2008) Economic Structure: Services 70%, Industry 30%, Agriculture 1%

5. German History Throughout the years, Germany has gone through endless separation and unification.

6. 1864 Franco- Prussian War starts, Germany defeated France

7. 1871 unification of southern & northern German states by chancellor Otto von Bismarck unification

8. 1914 WWI broke out Extreme nationalism Armament race with Britain Alliance System Colonial rivalries Crises in Europe Invasion of Belgium

9. 1919 Germany defeated in WWI & forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles separation

10. 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany & began dictatorship rule in German

11. 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany & began dictatorship rule in German--starts Jews prosecution separation

12. 1939 Germany invades Poland & the outbreak of WWII

13. 1945 Germany surrenders & separated into N & S Germany, Berlin fall under 4 powers’ ruling separation 1961 Communists build the Berlin Wall, separated Northern and Southern Berlin

14. 1990 Berlin Wall collapsed & Germany reunited unification

15. History Influence Nation Extreme nationalism  racism Aryan race VS Jews  Concentration camps @ WWII Totalitarian rule VS democracy  great leaders

16. Nationalism Influence Perfection not easy to relax less passionate Intelligent standardization Masculine Patience formality Punctuality Conservative

17. The Fall of The Berlin Wall After the fall of The Berlin Wall (9, November, 1990) Famous tourist spot Number of tourists in Berlin: 370% from 1993 to 2008 Attract tourists Tourists are attracted by the historical wall Many hotels have been built since then Nowadays : 1,095 hotels in Berlin Favor the relationship between Germany and other countries Segments have been given to various institutions around the world

18. Cultural Items And Impacts

19. German Culture Power Distance Small Large Uncertainty Avoidance Weak Strong Germany Hong Kong

20. Individualism Vs Collectivism Individualistic Collectivistic Masculinity Vs Feminity Masculine Feminine High Context Vs Low Context Low High Germany Hong Kong *Reference : International Management , Richard Mead

21. Architecture Traditional trend: The Archaeological Park

22. Architecture - UNESCO listed this cultural landscape World Cultural Heritage Middle Rhine Valley Extends from the ancient Roman city of Koblenz to the legendary Loreley to the wine towns of Bingen and Rüdesheim

23. Architecture Bamberg Town in Bavaria - One of the few cities in Germany that was not destroyed by World War II bombings UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Unites under the stony eyes of the Bamberger Rider Germany‘s vastest coherent historical centre

24. Architecture Cologne: Cathedral Roman Catholic church - ‘Exceptional work of human creative genius’ by UNESCO One of the world's largest churches - Largest Gothic church in Northern Europe

25. Architecture Bremen: Schnoor quarter Little houses lined up closely together in a row - Originally home to fishers and skippers - A lively historical quarter with a broad variety of architectural styles

26. Architecture Future trend The Allianz Arena

27. Architecture Düsseldorf: MediaPort

28. Neuschwanstein Castle - Commissioned by Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and as a homage to the King's inspiring muse - After the king’s death (1886) the castle was opened to the public - Inspiration for Sleeping Beauty Castle Attractions--Munich

29. Deutsches Museum - First scientific-technological museums in the world - Abundance of technical achievements - Providing comprehensive basic understanding of science and technology Attractions--Munich

30. The New Town Hall - Town hall which hosts the city government - Built between 1867 and 1908 in a Gothic Revival architecture style Attractions--Munich

31. St. Peter's Church - Oldest recorded parish church in Munich - The originating point for the whole city - Spiritual centre-point of the Graggenauer district Attractions--Munich

32. Attractions—Frankfurt The Romerberg - Historical market square of old Frankfurt - Place for celebrations and weddings - Nice space to pop into to escape from the Romerberg crowds - Richly decorated during the annual Christmas Market

33. Dom St. Bartholomaus - Serve as the coronation church of Germanic kings and emperors for hundreds of 300 years - Lines of stone are drawn on in white in the modern reconstruction Attractions—Frankfurt

34. Attractions—Frankfurt The Paulskirche - 1848-1849 The first publicly and freely elected body of Germany - 1849 The Parliament in the Paulskirche was dissolved - After 1852 Used again for religious services

35. Attractions--Berlin The Reichstag building - First parliament of the German Empire - Severely damaged in a fire supposedly set by Dutch communist - Reichstag refers to the building Bundestag refers to the institution

36. Attractions--Berlin Potsdamer Platz - Public square and traffic intersection in the centre of Berlin Laid waste during World War II and left desolate during the Cold War era - Risen again as a glittering new heart for the city after the fall of Berlin Wall

37. Attractions--Berlin The Brandenburg Gate - Former city gate and main symbols of Berlin and Germany - Only remaining gate of a series through which one formerly entered Berlin

38. Historical Heritage Attract tourists - The Neuschwanstein Castle About 1.3 million people visit annually Up to 6,000 per day in the summer - The Deutsches Museum 1.3 million visitors every year - The Brandenburg Gate| One of Europe's most famous landmarks - The Allianz Arena The venue for the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final

39. Historical Heritage Affect society - The Neuschwanstein Castle The inspiration for Sleeping Beauty Castle - The Deutsches Museum Providing a comprehensive basic understanding of science and technology -The balcony of The New Town Hall For large festivals Soccer championships or concerts -The Paulskirche A center used for various displays and events The annual awarding of the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade

40. Historical Heritage Changing building style - Originally full of castles, churches & strongholds - Those are the remaining from WWII - Turn to be Gehry buildings and the new city gate Old commercial port with its quay walls, the stairs, its cast-iron bollards, the old cargo quay with cranes and warehouses is classified as an historical monument

41. Background - 3 rd weekend of September ~ 1 st Sunday in October - Beer tents every where - Snacks and beers overnight Festival History of Oktoberfest - Originated in a wedding ceremony of royal family - Wedding ceremony of Prince and Princess - Celebration with the public Oktoberfest

42. Festival Oktoberfest

43. Power Distance: low Distance between royal family and the public Celebration with the public Festival Culture - Why beer? Oktoberfest

44. Festival A surge in Munich’s economy Impact on sectors (September – October) - Food and Beverage Industry - Hotel Industry - Companies preparing entertainment - Society Oktoberfest

45. Festival Oktoberfest Food and Beverage Industry Amount of food and beverage needed Restaurants run overnight - Hotel Industry Stay at Munich for a period of time - Companies preparing entertainment Operate rides, dancing and music shows - Society Workload Increase Increase employment of part-time workers

46. Festival Karneval

47. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mk0TkMKmvh8&feature=channel Festival Karneval

48. Christmas Market in Meissen Festival Christmas

49. Christmas Day in Munich Christmas Day in Mainz Festival Christmas Christmas Market in Cologne

50. Festival History - Related to religious - NOT originated from Germany Germany Culture: insanely celebrate - Karneval crazy country - The largest scale and the most famous Christmas market E.g. The origin of Christmas Trees Karneval and Christmas

51. Festival Karneval (Mainly in February) - Tourism Industry Parades and costume-balls more tourists - Society Retail shops buy things for disguise Different hierarchical levels have fun together Christmas (December) - Tourism Industry Famous for its romantic Christmas Markets Historic streets full of historic buildings, castles - Society Organizers of the Christmas Markets Karneval and Christmas

52. Religion The basic law of Germany guarantees the freedom of religion No State religion Two thirds of Germans are Christians 26M Catholics 26M Protestants The rest of them have no religion or have other religions 3.3M Muslims 0.1M Jews

53. Pope Boniface II (530-532) Pope Gregory V (996–999) Bruno von Kärnten, Pope Clement II (1046–1047) Suitger Graf von Morsleben und Hornburg Pope Damasus II (1048) Poppo von Brixen Pope Saint Leo IX (1049–1054) Bruno Graf von Egisheim-Dagsburg Pope Victor II (1055–1057) Gebhard von Dollnstein-Hirschberg Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058) Friedrich von Lothringen, Pope Adrian VI (1522 –1523) Hadriaen Florenszoon Boeyens Pope Benedict XVI(since 2005) Joseph Alois Ratzinger There were nine German Pope of Catholic Church Religion

54. Pope Benedict XVI Joseph Alois Ratzinger Born in Bavaria, Germany Appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising in 1977 Elected on 19 April 2005 to be the 253th pope Religion

55. Spiritual Travel Promotion made by the German National Tourist Board Attracts culture lovers, people with religious beliefs, churches and universities Pilgrimage Holiday - Passions Plays in Oberammergau - Luther Decade

56. Passions Plays in Oberammergau In 1633, bubonic plague was ravaging the region The people in Oberammergau pleaded with God to spare them A vow: passion play every ten years The death rate declined In 1634,the first passion play was presented Spiritual Travel

57. Passions Plays in Oberammergau About the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ The 41th play in 2010 Stage for 102 days between May and October 8 hours running time with 3 hours meal break Attracted 420,000 to 530,000 visitors since the 1930's Spiritual Travel

58. Luther Decade 9/2008 to 10/2017 500 years since the reformation Coordinates with regional marketing organizations, the Protestant churches, tour operators and town associated with Luther Packages Spiritual Travel

59. Martin Luther Initiated the Protestant Reformation Confronted indulgence salesmen with his “The Ninety-Five Theses” in 1517 Disputed their claims: God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money - The first person to translate and publish the Bible in German dialect Fostered the development of standard version of the German language Added several principles to translation Spiritual Travel

60. Attract tourists People come to watch the Passions Plays in Oberammergau Tickets were already on sale in spring 2009 During the Luther Decade, protestant Christians will focus on Germany People come to explore the history of Martin Luther Hospitality make arrangements Strengthen Germany’s position as an international cultural destination More people will have a deeper understanding about Christianity Spiritual Travel

61. Adidas A German-based sports apparel manufacturer - Consists of Reebok sportswear Company Taylor-Made-addidas golf company, and Rockport. - Bags, shirts, watches, eyewear Largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe Second biggest sportswear manufacturer in the world, after its U.S. rival Nike. Brands

62. PUMA A large German multinational company Produces high-end athletic shoes, lifestyle footwear - Known for its association football shoes Sponsored footballers and Jamaica track athlete Usain Bolt. Best–known product: Suede Basketball Shoe Introduced in 1968 Brands

63. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, German musical Achievements were almost unrivalled. Receives generous government subsidies and every major City has its own operatic company. Several states have their own academies of music. ( 50 universities of music and performing arts) German love carrying an accordion and performing on the street. People always dress properly (e.g. evening dress/tuxedo) to hear a concert in the concert hall. Music

64. Types of Music Classical Music Most cultural institutions are maintained by the states and municipalities. 80 publicly financed concert halls in Germany The best orchestra: Berlin Philharmonic

65. Jazz and Blues - Dozens of clubs host live music most evenings - Jazz capital : Frankfurt Rock pop - Influenced by Britain and America. “ Pop Academy” in Mannheim Types of Music

66. Virtuoso ( Yesterday Vs Today) There are two representatives in 15th-20th century. Johann Sebastian Bach ( 1685 – 1750 ) - Virtuoso Baroque Church Music Perfected the stringent “ art of the fugue” Wrote more than 200 cantata and oratories Ludwig van Beethoven ( 1770 – 1827 ) Pioneer of Romanticism Brought a completely new measure of personal expression and sensibility to bear in music. Types of Music

67. Usually held in the summer and early autumn Most popular Festival Dedicated to the works of a single composer e.g. Wagner in Bayreuth - Different types of music have different music events Jazz and Blues : Frankfurt’s German Jazz Festival Opera : Outdoor opera festival in Berlin Classical Music : International Music Festival Heidelberger Fruhling Pop Music : Love Parade in Dortmund Music Festivals

68. Theater Germany posses a theater system that is admired the world ever Even small towns boast opera houses and ballet troupes as well as theaters Create images of our life - Theater giant: with 120 public theaters with more than 750 stages and 185 private theaters. Best-known venues : Thalia Theater in Hamburg

69. Famous attractions (Related to music) Baden-Baden Festival Theatre Bayreuth – monument to a genius

70. The Semper Opera House National Theatre

71. People go for experiencing the culture of music Especially classical music 9 classical music festival every year Most cultural institutions are maintained by the states and municipalities. Attract tourists Participating in music festival and competitions. Studying in music. There are nearly 50 universities of music and performing arts. F&B outlets should adopt menus with international cuisine. Society may contain multi- culture Affect individuals in Germany Know more about music. The Land of Music

72. Invention of Car The birthplace of the modern automobile Karl Benz A German engine designer Invented the first petrol-powered automobile He was granted a patent for the first two-stroke engine in 1879

73. Car Adventure Long tradition of car manufacturing Top car-producing country Brands: Mercedes-Benz Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) AUDI Car museums Scenic routes Car racing

74. Car museums - Mercedes Benz Museum in Stuttgart Deutsches Museum in Munich Motorsport museum in Hockengeimring Motortechnica Museum in Bad Oeynhausen - History of motorcar Exhibitions of vintage cars, motorbike, trackers, locomotives, steam engines and trucks - Information about technology Car Adventure

75. Scenic routes 150 holiday routes German Wine Route Route of industrial Heritage Lower Saxony Milk Route Countryside, castles, palaces, gardens, heritages, culinary Car racing Formula 1 in Hockenheim German Grand Prix Attracts 120,000 fans HEW Cyclassics Cup in Hamburg Car Adventure

76. Attract tourists, especially car lovers Visiting different car museums Watching the car racing The themed holiday routes International tourists drive themselves to explore More German takes their holidays in Germany 2008: 313M domestic overnight stays 1.9% Revenue generated by domestic travel 7% People will know more about cars Fancy More merchandisers and wholesalers Car Adventure

77. Food Bratwurst German sausage made of pork Black Forest ham Smoked ham Black pudding Sausage made by cooking blood with a filler

78. Drink Beer - Ebbelelwoi Apple wine which principally in Hessen - Schnapps Available in hundreds of varieties - Kirschwasser Cherry spirit, principally from the Black Forest - Rhineland wines

79. References Photos: Yahoo Incoming-Tourism Germany edition 2009 GNTB Annual Report 2008 GNTB Facts about Germany, Societats- Verlag, Frankfurt/ Main, in collaboration with the German Federal foreign Office http://www.germany-tourism.de/ Live & Work in Germany, Ian Collier, Vacation Work, “ Entertainment and Culture”, Music P. 163-164 Germany , Wydwnictwo Wiedze, Warsaw, DK, ” Music in Germany” P.24 -25 http://www.muenchen.de/Rathaus/1336/index.html http://www.xanten.de/en/tourism/sights/archaeological_park_xanten/

80. http://es.geocities.com/sucellus23/telos26.htm http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9R47HK4BP1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1048275310&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=7df2cb9c7a21047d95da1957e94db2e5 http://library.thinkquest.org/26576/introductionpage.htm Sweeping the German nation [electronic resource] : domesticity and national identity in Germany, 187 Reagin, Nancy Ruth, 1960- New York : Cambridge University Press, 2007 References

81. http://www.germanytravel.com.tw/?cat=26&paged=3 http://lifetype.hhjhs.tp.edu.tw/post/123/1547 http://www.aswatson.com/c_news_05_May_5.htm Http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Germany/Dining http://www.whenwegetthere.com/tourist_destination_attraction/europe/germany/_/munich/2_183_3051_3567/munich.jsp http://www.travelsthroughgermany.com/website2/bratwurst.htm References

82. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/685633/obera mmergau_passion_play.html?cat=16 http://www.passionplay-berammergau.com/index.php?id=126 http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible- history/martin-luther.html References

84. ENJOY THE VIEDO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQaBYJThtDo