Catalonia

1. CASE STUDY: CATALONIA

2. Context
Catalonia16%
Spain84%

3. Million of people able to (use)
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
Read
Write
Speak
Listen
All skills
French
English
Castilian
Catalan
Idescat: Institutd’Estadisticade Catalunya, available at www.idescat.cat

4. Languages in different life spheres
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Home
Friends
Classmates
Colleagues
Catalonian administration
State administration
Catalan
Catalan > Castilian
Both
Castilian > Catalan
Castilian
Other languages
%
Idescat: Institutd’Estadisticade Catalunya, available at www.idescat.cat

5. Linguistic Policy
Middle agesHigh level of original literature
1516 Dynastic union
17thcenturyAttempt to centralize policy
1640-1659Harvesters' War
1716Castilian was imposed
Renaixença(19th) Re-emergence of Catalan
1978Spanish Constitution

6. Linguistic Policy (Recent History)
1983Linguistic Normalization Act
1998Linguistic Policy Act
2007/12101/2012, 181/2008,
142/2007, 143/2007
2014LOMCE
Catalonia’s Autonomy Statute, in its 6tharticle, determines that Catalonia’s own language is Catalan, which must be the language usually used as vehicular and of learning in education. Both official languages, Catalan and Castilian, must be known by Catalonia’s citizens.
Educational administrations will take the convenient measures to assure that the use of Castilian language or co-official languages will not be the origin of discrimination in education.

7. Bilingual Programs
Catalanisthevehicularlanguagefrompre-schooleducationtotheendofthesecondaryeducation.
CastilianSpanishisasubject(420hoursoutofthe5250hoursinPrimaryEducation)
CatalanLanguagehasthesameacademicloadasCastilian
ThroughoutPrimaryEducationthereasubjectaboutcommonlinguisticstructures(Catalan-Castilian)
InprivatecentersmaybeCastilianbasededucation.
TOTAL IMMERSION BILINGUAL EDUCATION

8. Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Catalan
Castilian
Catalan
Castilian
Catalan
Castilian
2003
2008
2013
All skills
Listen
Speak
Write
Read
Idescat: Institutd’Estadisticade Catalunya, available at www.idescat.cat

9. Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1996
2001
2007
2011
1996
2001
2007
2011
1996
2001
2007
2011
From 2 to 14
From 15 to 29
From 30 to 44Read
WriteSpeak
Listen

10. Results
InformationfromPISAandEDG(GeneralDiagnosisEvaluation)
LevelsofreadingandoralcomprehensionandlinguisticcommunicationinCastilianaresimilartotheaveragefromSpain.
Nosignificantdifferenceinotherschoolcontents(evensuggestingbetterperformance)

11. Conclusions
StudentsperformsaswellinCastilianastheaverageofSpanishresults.
ImprovementintheuseofCatalanisnotseenamongtheyoungestmembersofsociety.
KnowledgeofCatalanisquitesimilartotheoneobtained15yearsago.
Bilingualismhasnonegativeeffectingenerallearning.
KnowledgeofCatalanhasnotbeenboostedbythispolicies.