biotech

1. Good
morning!

2. What is the
sugar
component
present in
RNA?
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3. According to
Watson and
Crick, what is the
structure of
DNA?
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4. Which RNA
nucleotide is
complementary to
cytosine?
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5. ROLE OF DNA, RNA AND
PROTIENS IN THE
TRANSMISSION
OF HERIDETARY TRAITS
BIOTECHNOLOGY 8
Prepared by: Novie Joy Catedral Hontiveros

6. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
Recall the
difference
between DNA
and RNA.
1
Explain the steps
in the central
dogma of
Molecular
Biology.
2
Showcase their ability to
accurately identify amino
acids within a given
sequence of peptides or
proteins through
interactive activities.
3
Appraise the
interconnected roles
of DNA, RNA, and
proteins in the
transmission of
hereditary traits.
4

7. Cells- are the basic unit of life.
Reproduction
Digestion
Homeostasis
Organic bases are instructions that
lead to the production of proteins.

8. Cells- are the basic unit of life.
The cell carries out two important
tasks:
• it copies its genes
• it uses its genes to synthesize
proteins that are involved in the
expression of hereditary traits.

9. “LET’S DO IT VIRTUALLY”
Utilizing your gadgets, laptop or android
phones will do. Click the link and
explore the virtual laboratory on how
proteins are synthesized.
https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:fb468b9
e:lx_simulation:1?fullscreen=true&fbclid=IwAR1Df2gshY89q3RV1Do
fVr3Ozw5RE-Vc2vyEbhG80QalfZUM9ULdfQILs-

10. In 1953, J1m2s W1ts4n and Francis
Crick established the structure of
DNA. The shape of DNA is a double
helix. The sides of the ladder are made
up of alternating sugar and phosphate
molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose.
Structure of DNA
PHOSPHATE
BASE
DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR
James Watson and Francis
Crick

11. The rungs of the ladder are pairs of
4 types of nitrogen bases. The
information in DNA is stored as a
code made up of four chemical
bases:
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
Structure of DNA

12. The 'Central Dogma' is
the process by which the
instructions in DNA are
converted into a
functional product which
is protein in the form of
amino acid.

13. The production of
proteins is completed
through two processes:
transcription and
translation

14. Transcription is the first step in gene
expression. It involves copying, or
transcribing, the DNA sequence of a
gene into the similar "alphabet" of
RNA nucleotides.

15. In TRANSLATION, the nucleotide
sequence of an mRNA is "decoded"
to specify the sequence of amino
acids in a protein.

16. The genetic code is the set of
"rules" that a cell uses to interpret
the nucleotide sequence within a
molecule of mRNA
The Genetic Code
RNA molecules only contain four
different types of nitrogenous bases
but there are 20 different amino
acids that are used to build
proteins.

17. Methionine is specified by the
codon AUG, which is also
known as the start codon.
The codons UAA, UAG, and
UGA are the stop codons that
signal the termination of
translation.
Reading the Genetic Code

18. The Genetic Code Table

19. The Genetic Code Chart
RNA DNA

20. Reading The Genetic Code
Use the codon chart to determine the amino acid
sequence. Remember to read through the strand and
ONLY start on AUG and STOP when it tells you to stop.
DNA: CGG TAC CTC CGG GTG ATT
RNA:
Amino
Acid:
GCC
start- Glutamic
acid
Alanine stop
Histidine
Adenine (A)=Uracil (U)
Thymine (T) =Adenine (A
Guanine (G)=Cytosine (C)
AUG GAG GCG CAC UAA