This document summarizes a journal article that analyzed how political, economic, and cultural characteristics affect the textile and apparel industry using the Delphi method. The Delphi method involved questionnaires and consensus building among a panel of 7 experts over 3 steps. They analyzed characteristics of each factor and assigned grades. Their findings showed that political systems strongly influence economic systems, but not cultural environment. Specifically, stable governments promote strong economies beneficial to the textile industry, while instability harms economies and the industry. However, cultural practices did not significantly impact the industry's success or failure.
This document summarizes a literature review on knowledge management (KM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It identifies three gaps in the existing research: 1) barriers hindering KM adoption in SMEs, 2) impact of KM practices on SME performance, and 3) types of knowledge management systems adopted by SMEs. The authors conducted a field study of SMEs to address these gaps. They found that while SMEs face resource constraints, they are overcoming barriers to KM. SMEs also recognize KM's strategic value and use various systems, though these systems tend to be outdated. Finally, the use of KM practices enhances SME performance in multiple areas.
Size and operational performance of manufacturing companies in pakistan using...Alexander Decker
This study uses data envelopment analysis to evaluate the efficiency of 49 manufacturing companies in Pakistan from 2008 to 2010. Three inputs (raw materials, staff expenses, and plant/machinery) and two outputs (net sales and earnings after tax) are used. Companies are categorized as large (assets over $100M), medium ($30-100M assets), or small (under $30M assets). The results show that small companies have the highest relative efficiency, and 2 large, 3 medium, and 5 small companies operate at the most productive scale size throughout the period.
Optimal Alternative Selection Using MOORA in Industrial Sector - A ijfls
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern
lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The
organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and
development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective
decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly
simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for
selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold
manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for
selecting optimal alternative, followed by extending MOORA with interval grey numbers, crisp and interval
grey number and whitening coefficient and future scope of the present work concentrate on highlighting the
scope and gap between MOORA, Multiplicative form of MOORA(MULTIMOORA) and Multi objective
optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) for numerous manufacturing and service
applications.
Selection of Best Alternative in Manufacturing and Service Sector Using Multi...csandit
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization,
modern lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed
competitors. The organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in
science and technology and development of modern strategies. In such an instance,
organizations were in a need of using an effective decision making tool that chooses out optimal
alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly simplified. This paper explores a usage of
new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for selecting the best alternatives by
examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold manner by comparing
MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for selecting
optimal alternative, followed by highlighting the scope and gap of using MOORA approach.
Examination on various case study reveals an existence of huge scope in using MOORA for
numerous manufacturing and service applications.
1) Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a molecular system. It increases when a system changes from a solid to liquid or liquid to gas as the molecules gain more freedom of movement.
2) The mathematical expression for entropy is the ratio of the heat change (q) to the temperature (T) of a reversible cyclic process.
3) According to the second law of thermodynamics, entropy is related to unavailable energy - as heat is applied to a system, some energy is used for work but the remaining heat becomes unavailable, increasing the entropy. Entropy is also associated with increased randomness and more probable molecular states.
Sociology and de-growth; social change, entropy and evolution in a way-down eraGoteo / Platoniq
The document discusses the concept of a steady-state economy and debates whether sustainable development or degrowth is a better approach to achieving it. It notes that while both could lead to a steady-state under carrying capacity, degrowth may be inevitable given environmental limits. The discussion explores human evolution under conditions of scarcity, historical evidence of societal collapses, and different philosophical perspectives. Governance challenges of sustainability in a complex system are also covered.
1. The second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to convert all heat into work in a cyclic process or to transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body without a net change occurring elsewhere.
2. Entropy provides a quantitative measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases according to the second law.
3. Irreversible processes, such as friction or heat transfer across a temperature difference, result in increased entropy and disorder as the system and its surroundings evolve toward thermal equilibrium.
This document summarizes a literature review on knowledge management (KM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It identifies three gaps in the existing research: 1) barriers hindering KM adoption in SMEs, 2) impact of KM practices on SME performance, and 3) types of knowledge management systems adopted by SMEs. The authors conducted a field study of SMEs to address these gaps. They found that while SMEs face resource constraints, they are overcoming barriers to KM. SMEs also recognize KM's strategic value and use various systems, though these systems tend to be outdated. Finally, the use of KM practices enhances SME performance in multiple areas.
Size and operational performance of manufacturing companies in pakistan using...Alexander Decker
This study uses data envelopment analysis to evaluate the efficiency of 49 manufacturing companies in Pakistan from 2008 to 2010. Three inputs (raw materials, staff expenses, and plant/machinery) and two outputs (net sales and earnings after tax) are used. Companies are categorized as large (assets over $100M), medium ($30-100M assets), or small (under $30M assets). The results show that small companies have the highest relative efficiency, and 2 large, 3 medium, and 5 small companies operate at the most productive scale size throughout the period.
Optimal Alternative Selection Using MOORA in Industrial Sector - A ijfls
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern
lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The
organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and
development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective
decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly
simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for
selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold
manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for
selecting optimal alternative, followed by extending MOORA with interval grey numbers, crisp and interval
grey number and whitening coefficient and future scope of the present work concentrate on highlighting the
scope and gap between MOORA, Multiplicative form of MOORA(MULTIMOORA) and Multi objective
optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) for numerous manufacturing and service
applications.
Selection of Best Alternative in Manufacturing and Service Sector Using Multi...csandit
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization,
modern lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed
competitors. The organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in
science and technology and development of modern strategies. In such an instance,
organizations were in a need of using an effective decision making tool that chooses out optimal
alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly simplified. This paper explores a usage of
new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for selecting the best alternatives by
examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold manner by comparing
MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for selecting
optimal alternative, followed by highlighting the scope and gap of using MOORA approach.
Examination on various case study reveals an existence of huge scope in using MOORA for
numerous manufacturing and service applications.
1) Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a molecular system. It increases when a system changes from a solid to liquid or liquid to gas as the molecules gain more freedom of movement.
2) The mathematical expression for entropy is the ratio of the heat change (q) to the temperature (T) of a reversible cyclic process.
3) According to the second law of thermodynamics, entropy is related to unavailable energy - as heat is applied to a system, some energy is used for work but the remaining heat becomes unavailable, increasing the entropy. Entropy is also associated with increased randomness and more probable molecular states.
Sociology and de-growth; social change, entropy and evolution in a way-down eraGoteo / Platoniq
The document discusses the concept of a steady-state economy and debates whether sustainable development or degrowth is a better approach to achieving it. It notes that while both could lead to a steady-state under carrying capacity, degrowth may be inevitable given environmental limits. The discussion explores human evolution under conditions of scarcity, historical evidence of societal collapses, and different philosophical perspectives. Governance challenges of sustainability in a complex system are also covered.
1. The second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to convert all heat into work in a cyclic process or to transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body without a net change occurring elsewhere.
2. Entropy provides a quantitative measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases according to the second law.
3. Irreversible processes, such as friction or heat transfer across a temperature difference, result in increased entropy and disorder as the system and its surroundings evolve toward thermal equilibrium.
The document summarizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework for understanding technology adoption. TAM models how users come to accept new technologies based on perceived usefulness and ease of use. It is built on expectancy-value theory and the theory of reasoned action. TOE framework examines how three contexts - technological, organizational, and environmental - influence organizations' decisions to adopt innovations. The document provides details on the key constructs of each model and examples of how they have been applied to study different technologies and industries.
This document reviews and compares eight prominent models of user acceptance of information technology: the theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model, motivational model, theory of planned behavior, combined TAM and TPB model, model of PC utilization, innovation diffusion theory, and social cognitive theory. It aims to empirically compare the models, formulate a unified model integrating elements of the eight models called UTAUT, and validate UTAUT using multiple data sets. The eight models are described and their constructs defined. Prior empirical comparisons of the models are discussed, noting limitations that the current study aims to address.
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monéta...aminellaoui
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monétaires
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monétaires
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monétaires
Online payment portals are a powerful tool that makes our life simple and gives the luxury to make all required payment transactions around any part of the World. The advancement of internet and logistics systems, now it is possible for anybody to shop any product around the world and get it shipped to his\her. The main objectives are to study the problems faced through the online payment system. To study the factors influencing the online payment system.
The document discusses communication audits, which involve evaluating an organization's communication processes and systems. A communication audit aims to determine if all stakeholders are receiving intended messages, identify strengths and weaknesses, and indicate areas for improvement. The key steps of conducting an audit involve securing management commitment, identifying current practices, setting success standards, developing an action plan, and measuring results. Common audit methods include questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and analyzing communication outputs and stakeholder feedback. The goals are to improve communication quality and relationships within the organization.
Operational research is the scientific approach to problem solving and decision making. It involves formulating problems mathematically and using scientific techniques like simulation, optimization, and data analysis to solve complex real-world problems. Some key applications of operational research include supply chain management, transportation and logistics, production scheduling, and resource allocation in industries like airlines, manufacturing, and healthcare. The goal is to help decision makers identify optimal solutions and improve performance.
This document discusses developing a standardized set of indicators and metrics to assess the sustainability of aircraft designs. It proposes indicators within three pillars: environmental, economic, and societal. Potential indicators are identified through literature review. A survey of industry experts is used to validate the indicator set. The survey employs a Delphi method, sending multiple rounds of questionnaires to determine the relative importance of indicators and gather feedback to refine the set. The goal is to allow aircraft designers to quantitatively evaluate sustainability impacts during conceptual design.
This document summarizes a research paper that uses multiple criteria decision analysis to evaluate hazardous waste management in the United States. It applies a hybrid DEA-TOPSIS method, which uses data envelopment analysis and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. The researchers collected data on hazardous waste generation, treatment, and facilities from the Environmental Protection Agency. They then analyzed the data using the DEA-TOPSIS method to determine which states manage hazardous waste most effectively and which need improvement, in order to help the EPA enhance hazardous waste management nationwide.
This document provides an overview of operational research (OR) and its application in health management. It defines OR as the scientific study of operations to improve decision making. The document outlines the main features of OR, including taking a total systems approach and using tools from various disciplines. It discusses several quantitative techniques used in OR, such as linear programming, simulation, and inventory control. The document explains how these techniques can help optimize resource allocation and improve efficiency in health systems.
This document outlines Heather Zumpano's unpublished manuscript on measuring and managing the financial variables of telemedicine. It provides an overview of telemedicine evolution and barriers to implementation. It also summarizes three studies that developed models to assess telemedicine readiness and outcomes. The studies considered costs and developed a maturity model, decision modeling approach, and Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST). MAST incorporated stakeholder feedback to improve on an existing European Commission model. Future research is needed to further test the models and understand relationships between factors influencing telemedicine success.
Reflection paper NO PLAGIARISM TIMES NEW ROMAN FONT. DO NOT U.docxlillie234567
Reflection paper: NO PLAGIARISM / TIMES NEW ROMAN FONT. / DO NOT USE CITATIONS EXCEPT FOR THE VIDEO.
For this assignment, you will take some time to reflect on what you know, what you are learning, and what you still want/need to learn in relation to this course. Opportunities to reflect on our profession’s learning competencies, practice behaviors, and methods for how to be an effective social worker are important moments in our development as lifelong learners. To complete this assignment, you will reflect on the assigned readings, classroom discussions, activities, and assignments.
INSTRUCTIONS:IT SHOULD BE REFLECTIVE WRITING. Please divide your paper up by competency. Each competency should be a new paragraph (1 paragraph for competency) that includes all of the information below:
EACH PARAGRAPH MUST CONTAIN THE INFORMATION BELOW:
1.
Describe the assignment/activity you engaged in. Describe the purpose of this assignment/activity. What did you do?
2.
Briefly describe the competency you are linking the assignment/activity to. Provide a brief synopsis of the competency in your own words.
3.
Describe how the assignment/activity helped you obtain certain knowledge and skills for each competency covered. how the assignment/activity helped you in the process of mastering the competency? How did this assignment/activity help you in learning the skill and/or obtaining the knowledge that the competency discusses?
4.
What do you still want and/or need to know in order to master the competency? This can be briefly summarized in a short conclusion paragraph at the end of your paper, or briefly discussed throughout the paper under each competency.
Core Competencies:
CC 1 – Demonstrate Ethical & Professional Behavior: I did a Response Paper on the Day It Snowed in Miami.
CC2 – Advance human rights and social, racial, economic, and environmental justice: I did a Response Paper on the 13th Film (13th Amendment).
CC3 – Engage Anti-racism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ADEI) in Practice: I did a Social Justice & Action Project on the Women's Rights Movement.
CC4 – Engage in research-informed practice and practice-informed research: We talk in class about the TEDMED of Nadine Burke Harris regarding How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetime.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk
CC5 – Engage in Policy Practice: I did a Policy Research Paper on Student Loans Forgiveness.
CC6 – Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities: I learn how to do an action plan and I created one Action Plan with goals and objectives for someone on how to work on anger management and how to find a job.
CC7 – Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities: I did an Individual & Family Assessment Paper on the movie (Precious) the principal actor.
This document outlines a two-phase process to identify priorities for state health department action on end-of-life issues. Phase 1 involved concept mapping to generate 124 recommendations, which participants sorted into 9 clusters. Participants rated recommendations on importance and feasibility. Phase 2 used a modified Delphi process where experts reached consensus on 5 priority clusters and 29 short-term priority statements within those clusters. The priorities focused on public education, patient/family education, research, and professional education.
This document discusses frameworks and indices for assessing sustainability. It begins by introducing common types of sustainability assessment tools, focusing on indicators and indices. It then outlines several widely-used sustainability frameworks, including the Triple Bottom Line framework and pressure-state-response model. Next, it describes the process for constructing sustainability indices, including selecting indicators, standardizing data, assigning weights, and aggregating the results. It notes that indicator selection and weighting are often inconsistent due to a lack of standardized requirements. Finally, it argues that sustainability frameworks can effectively guide indicator selection for both standalone indicators and composite indices.
Applying Lean Six Sigma To Reduce Linen Loss In An Acute CareFelicia Clark
This document describes a case study where a hospital formed a cross-functional team to apply Lean Six Sigma methodology to reduce linen loss. The team's goal was to identify and implement process improvements to reduce the soil to clean linen ratio metric by at least 16%, saving over $77,000 annually. Through applying DMAIC phases of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control, the team was able to analyze linen processes, identify root causes of loss, and make operational improvements like automated linen dispensers.
A rule based higher institution of learning admission decision support systemAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses the development of a rule-based decision support system for admission decisions in higher education institutions.
2) It reviews literature on decision support systems and decision modeling approaches. Knowledge is gathered from education administrators to develop rules for the system.
3) The system aims to help school managers make better admission decisions by building a better information system using a rule-based approach.
A rule based higher institution of learning admission decision support systemAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses the development of a rule-based decision support system for admission decisions in higher education institutions.
2) It reviews literature on decision support systems and decision modeling approaches. Knowledge is gathered from education administrators to develop rules for the system.
3) The system aims to help school managers make better admission decisions by building a better information system using a rule-based approach.
Operational research (OR) is the scientific approach to problem solving and decision making. It involves modeling complex real-world situations and using analytical methods to evaluate solutions and help decision makers choose optimal alternatives. Some key OR techniques include linear programming, simulation, and data analysis. OR has been successfully applied in many fields like transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, and the airline industry to improve efficiency, maximize profits, and aid strategic planning. The document provides an overview of OR methodology, history, applications, and examples of its use.
A virtual environment for formulation of policy packagesAraz Taeihagh
The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.
This document discusses research on the influence of social media on the travel and tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the research design, which includes a literature review and empirical investigation to examine how the pandemic impacted operations and the role of social media platforms. Both primary and secondary data will be collected through questionnaires surveys of visitors and interviews with industry professionals. The data will be analyzed qualitatively to explore challenges and how businesses can effectively use social media. Ethical considerations for protecting participants are also discussed.
Customer-based brand equity has many dimensions, however a general acceptance as to which dimensions to use when measuring customer-based brand equity has not being decided. This study reviews empirical results of literatures that utilized Aaker’s and Keller’s model in measuring brand equity and sum up the main or significant customer-based brand equity. The findings indicate that it is empirical difficult differentiating between brand awareness and brand association.
Exploring trends of tourism demand from the past is essential in measuring the different tourism movement volatility which occurred either nature or man-made. This study analyzes the volatility of tourism demand by data mining tourist numbers arriving in Hong Kong from 1999 to 2010. Eight different markets will be examined, both short haul and long haul, to compare and contrast the characteristic tourist profile and the behavior and attitude changes of each market according to the volume of visitors that come to Hong Kong. There have been significant changes over the past 12 years in different countries with some positive and negative impacts from natural disasters, an economic crisis and mega-events. This paper will compare and contrast different markets and analyze the tourism demand with regards to volatility in relation to the profile characteristics, spending pattern behaviors with tourist’s satisfaction level.
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The document summarizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework for understanding technology adoption. TAM models how users come to accept new technologies based on perceived usefulness and ease of use. It is built on expectancy-value theory and the theory of reasoned action. TOE framework examines how three contexts - technological, organizational, and environmental - influence organizations' decisions to adopt innovations. The document provides details on the key constructs of each model and examples of how they have been applied to study different technologies and industries.
This document reviews and compares eight prominent models of user acceptance of information technology: the theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model, motivational model, theory of planned behavior, combined TAM and TPB model, model of PC utilization, innovation diffusion theory, and social cognitive theory. It aims to empirically compare the models, formulate a unified model integrating elements of the eight models called UTAUT, and validate UTAUT using multiple data sets. The eight models are described and their constructs defined. Prior empirical comparisons of the models are discussed, noting limitations that the current study aims to address.
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monéta...aminellaoui
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monétaires
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monétaires
de l'Economie et des Finances | En charge des questions financières et monétaires
Online payment portals are a powerful tool that makes our life simple and gives the luxury to make all required payment transactions around any part of the World. The advancement of internet and logistics systems, now it is possible for anybody to shop any product around the world and get it shipped to his\her. The main objectives are to study the problems faced through the online payment system. To study the factors influencing the online payment system.
The document discusses communication audits, which involve evaluating an organization's communication processes and systems. A communication audit aims to determine if all stakeholders are receiving intended messages, identify strengths and weaknesses, and indicate areas for improvement. The key steps of conducting an audit involve securing management commitment, identifying current practices, setting success standards, developing an action plan, and measuring results. Common audit methods include questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and analyzing communication outputs and stakeholder feedback. The goals are to improve communication quality and relationships within the organization.
Operational research is the scientific approach to problem solving and decision making. It involves formulating problems mathematically and using scientific techniques like simulation, optimization, and data analysis to solve complex real-world problems. Some key applications of operational research include supply chain management, transportation and logistics, production scheduling, and resource allocation in industries like airlines, manufacturing, and healthcare. The goal is to help decision makers identify optimal solutions and improve performance.
This document discusses developing a standardized set of indicators and metrics to assess the sustainability of aircraft designs. It proposes indicators within three pillars: environmental, economic, and societal. Potential indicators are identified through literature review. A survey of industry experts is used to validate the indicator set. The survey employs a Delphi method, sending multiple rounds of questionnaires to determine the relative importance of indicators and gather feedback to refine the set. The goal is to allow aircraft designers to quantitatively evaluate sustainability impacts during conceptual design.
This document summarizes a research paper that uses multiple criteria decision analysis to evaluate hazardous waste management in the United States. It applies a hybrid DEA-TOPSIS method, which uses data envelopment analysis and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. The researchers collected data on hazardous waste generation, treatment, and facilities from the Environmental Protection Agency. They then analyzed the data using the DEA-TOPSIS method to determine which states manage hazardous waste most effectively and which need improvement, in order to help the EPA enhance hazardous waste management nationwide.
This document provides an overview of operational research (OR) and its application in health management. It defines OR as the scientific study of operations to improve decision making. The document outlines the main features of OR, including taking a total systems approach and using tools from various disciplines. It discusses several quantitative techniques used in OR, such as linear programming, simulation, and inventory control. The document explains how these techniques can help optimize resource allocation and improve efficiency in health systems.
This document outlines Heather Zumpano's unpublished manuscript on measuring and managing the financial variables of telemedicine. It provides an overview of telemedicine evolution and barriers to implementation. It also summarizes three studies that developed models to assess telemedicine readiness and outcomes. The studies considered costs and developed a maturity model, decision modeling approach, and Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST). MAST incorporated stakeholder feedback to improve on an existing European Commission model. Future research is needed to further test the models and understand relationships between factors influencing telemedicine success.
Reflection paper NO PLAGIARISM TIMES NEW ROMAN FONT. DO NOT U.docxlillie234567
Reflection paper: NO PLAGIARISM / TIMES NEW ROMAN FONT. / DO NOT USE CITATIONS EXCEPT FOR THE VIDEO.
For this assignment, you will take some time to reflect on what you know, what you are learning, and what you still want/need to learn in relation to this course. Opportunities to reflect on our profession’s learning competencies, practice behaviors, and methods for how to be an effective social worker are important moments in our development as lifelong learners. To complete this assignment, you will reflect on the assigned readings, classroom discussions, activities, and assignments.
INSTRUCTIONS:IT SHOULD BE REFLECTIVE WRITING. Please divide your paper up by competency. Each competency should be a new paragraph (1 paragraph for competency) that includes all of the information below:
EACH PARAGRAPH MUST CONTAIN THE INFORMATION BELOW:
1.
Describe the assignment/activity you engaged in. Describe the purpose of this assignment/activity. What did you do?
2.
Briefly describe the competency you are linking the assignment/activity to. Provide a brief synopsis of the competency in your own words.
3.
Describe how the assignment/activity helped you obtain certain knowledge and skills for each competency covered. how the assignment/activity helped you in the process of mastering the competency? How did this assignment/activity help you in learning the skill and/or obtaining the knowledge that the competency discusses?
4.
What do you still want and/or need to know in order to master the competency? This can be briefly summarized in a short conclusion paragraph at the end of your paper, or briefly discussed throughout the paper under each competency.
Core Competencies:
CC 1 – Demonstrate Ethical & Professional Behavior: I did a Response Paper on the Day It Snowed in Miami.
CC2 – Advance human rights and social, racial, economic, and environmental justice: I did a Response Paper on the 13th Film (13th Amendment).
CC3 – Engage Anti-racism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ADEI) in Practice: I did a Social Justice & Action Project on the Women's Rights Movement.
CC4 – Engage in research-informed practice and practice-informed research: We talk in class about the TEDMED of Nadine Burke Harris regarding How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetime.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk
CC5 – Engage in Policy Practice: I did a Policy Research Paper on Student Loans Forgiveness.
CC6 – Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities: I learn how to do an action plan and I created one Action Plan with goals and objectives for someone on how to work on anger management and how to find a job.
CC7 – Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities: I did an Individual & Family Assessment Paper on the movie (Precious) the principal actor.
This document outlines a two-phase process to identify priorities for state health department action on end-of-life issues. Phase 1 involved concept mapping to generate 124 recommendations, which participants sorted into 9 clusters. Participants rated recommendations on importance and feasibility. Phase 2 used a modified Delphi process where experts reached consensus on 5 priority clusters and 29 short-term priority statements within those clusters. The priorities focused on public education, patient/family education, research, and professional education.
This document discusses frameworks and indices for assessing sustainability. It begins by introducing common types of sustainability assessment tools, focusing on indicators and indices. It then outlines several widely-used sustainability frameworks, including the Triple Bottom Line framework and pressure-state-response model. Next, it describes the process for constructing sustainability indices, including selecting indicators, standardizing data, assigning weights, and aggregating the results. It notes that indicator selection and weighting are often inconsistent due to a lack of standardized requirements. Finally, it argues that sustainability frameworks can effectively guide indicator selection for both standalone indicators and composite indices.
Applying Lean Six Sigma To Reduce Linen Loss In An Acute CareFelicia Clark
This document describes a case study where a hospital formed a cross-functional team to apply Lean Six Sigma methodology to reduce linen loss. The team's goal was to identify and implement process improvements to reduce the soil to clean linen ratio metric by at least 16%, saving over $77,000 annually. Through applying DMAIC phases of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control, the team was able to analyze linen processes, identify root causes of loss, and make operational improvements like automated linen dispensers.
A rule based higher institution of learning admission decision support systemAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses the development of a rule-based decision support system for admission decisions in higher education institutions.
2) It reviews literature on decision support systems and decision modeling approaches. Knowledge is gathered from education administrators to develop rules for the system.
3) The system aims to help school managers make better admission decisions by building a better information system using a rule-based approach.
A rule based higher institution of learning admission decision support systemAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses the development of a rule-based decision support system for admission decisions in higher education institutions.
2) It reviews literature on decision support systems and decision modeling approaches. Knowledge is gathered from education administrators to develop rules for the system.
3) The system aims to help school managers make better admission decisions by building a better information system using a rule-based approach.
Operational research (OR) is the scientific approach to problem solving and decision making. It involves modeling complex real-world situations and using analytical methods to evaluate solutions and help decision makers choose optimal alternatives. Some key OR techniques include linear programming, simulation, and data analysis. OR has been successfully applied in many fields like transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, and the airline industry to improve efficiency, maximize profits, and aid strategic planning. The document provides an overview of OR methodology, history, applications, and examples of its use.
A virtual environment for formulation of policy packagesAraz Taeihagh
The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.
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Delphi, Entropy and TOPSIS Analysis of Political, Economic and Cultural Characteristics that Affect Textile and Apparel Industry
1. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
Journal of Engineering Management Research
MAY 2013 VOL.1, No,3
Delphi, Entropy and TOPSIS Analysis of Political, Economic
and Cultural Characteristics that Affect Textile and
Apparel Industry.
Akyene Tetteh
School of Management Science and Engineering,
1882 Yan’an Road West, 200051 P.R. China, Donghua University,
Accepted 8 May 2013
Abstract
Textiles and apparel industry sprung up industrialization but political system, economic system
and cultural environment characteristics may affect its survival positively or negatively. This paper
uses Delphi Method for forecasting in a different fashion to analyze some characteristics of political
system, economic system and cultural environment to ascertain how they affect the textiles and
apparel industry. The Delphi method exercise in this paper consists of 3 steps and 2 questionnaires
format coupled with analysis and consensus. The paper further employed two multiple criteria
decision making methods Entropy and TOPSIS to analyze the Delphi result. It was realized that
political system dummy is economic system but not cultural environment. The textiles and apparel
industry suffers negatively/positively if government disarray/array the political system which intend
affect the economic system negatively/positively but does not affect the cultural environment. The
textiles and apparel industry can fuse their cultural practice into their company strategy for efficient
and effective productivity.
Keywords: Delphi Method, Entropy, TOPSIS, Textile and Apparel, Political, Economic and Cultural
Characteristics.
1. Introduction
Textiles and apparel industry sprung up industrialization, which can be traced back to 1733 when
John Kay made a shuttle that speed back and forth on wheels. His invention led to another invention in
which we now have heavy machines which can cut and sew apparel in some modern factories today.
Most nations derive foreign exchange from exporting textiles and apparel to other countries which
boost their GDP growth. United States imports of textiles and apparel in 2010 totaled to $93.3 billion
with China being number one exporter (Kim 2011).The textile and apparel industry growth can be
hindered/promoted by political benefits (peace, good governments laws, good education system,
effective and efficient economy, etc.), economic benefits (good land turner system, labor, good access
to capital, low inflation, good exchange rate, etc.) and cultural environment (belief system, language,
dressing, food, dance, etc.). This paper seeks to find which of these three conditions hinders/promotes
growth of textiles and apparel industry using Delphi Method. The Delphi method is essentially defined
as “a method for measuring consensus among group of experts”. The method is used to analyze the
characteristics of each condition (Political, Economic and Cultural (PEC)) in no order of priority. The
paper further employed two multiple criteria decision making methods (Entropy and TOPSIS) to
analyze the Delphi result. The paper found that, political system dummy is economic system but not
cultural environment. The textiles and apparel industry suffers negatively/positively if government
70
2. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
disarray/array the political system which intend affect the economic system negatively/positively but
does not affect the cultural environment. The textiles and apparel industry can fuse their cultural
practice into their company strategy for efficient and effective productivity. The rest of the paper is
organized as follows; section 2 covers Delphi method, questionnaires and Delphi method steps whiles
section 3 describes the methodology. Section 4 touches on results discussion and finally section 5
conclude with conclusion and limitations.
2. Delphi Method
The Delphi method was developed at Rand Corporation by Olaf Helmer, the Delphi method is
based on expert opinion 24. This was necessary because the existing methods of forecasting were
insufficient to generate the report wanted because historical data for this subject were unavailable. In
such cases, when a reliable forecast must be issued by qualitative means, the Delphi Method is
generally preferred. The Delphi method is a structured technique used to generate forecasting in
business, technology, science, education, health and other fields. The traditional Delphi Method aims
to identify a consensus from the experts, on the research problem under consideration. Delphi Method
is essentially defined 25 as “a method for measuring consensus among group of experts”. The method
is a long-range forecasting method of aggregating the forecast of experts on multidisciplinary issues, it
is an interactive process for soliciting and collating opinions on a particular topic, through a set of
carefully designed sequential questionnaires with a summarized feedback of opinions derived from
earlier responses 26.
The Delphi methodology has it strength and weakness. Some of its strengths are: can produce
agreements when other methods may not be possible, time for reflection, improving the strength of
opinion, learning and motivating experience for participants, and participants have an equal say whiles
its weakness are: can be extremely time consuming for participants, ambiguity regarding panel size
and consensus levels required, fatigue tendency and care needed to avoid facilitator bias. This paper is
the first paper to use Delphi Method of forecasting in a different fashion to analyze the characteristics
of government, economic and cultural environment affecting textile and apparel industries.
2.1 Questionnaires
The questionnaires were coin from the characteristics of political systems, economics systems
and cultural environment that affect the textiles and apparel industry. These characteristics that affect
textiles and apparel industries were listed and analyzed one by one. The questionnaires come in three
(3) folds. The first questionnaire aimed at capturing more characteristics of PEC as per the one stated
in appendix 1. The second analyze each characteristics of PEC by grade: points 1 represent strong
disagreement whiles 7 points indicates a strong agreement (i.e. 1≡ 20% to 7≡ 95%). The entire
questionnaires are displayed in appendix 2a to 2c.
2.2 Delphi Method Application and Steps
The essence of the Delphi Method is to use the assessment of opinions and predictions made by a
number of experts; it is an interactive process used to collect and distil the judgment of experts using a
series of questionnaires in a number of stages 27. The Delphi Method comprises several steps involving
participants, who may or may not meet face to face. The Delphi research team (DRT) comprise of 7
PHD scholars, made of three males and four females: 7 where chosen in case of any dead heat. Each
classification political, economic and cultural environment was analyzed based on their characteristics
and reports were taken as per their characteristics table. The DRT grade each PEC characteristics on 1
to 7 points. The DRT took two weeks to deliberate on each classification characteristics affecting
textiles and apparel industry. After these deliberations all the analysis by each steps on PEC’s
characteristics affecting textile and apparel industry were arranged in a table form (shown in appendix
5, 6 and 7) for further analysis using entropy and TOPSIS. Delphi method steps for each PEC’s:
Step 1, (Individual Analysis): Each DRT member was giving questionnaire 1 (appendix 2) to compare
24
James A. & Mona J Fitzsimmons “Service Management Operations, Strategy and Information
Technology”, 2002.
25
Burns et al.
26
Tam et al., (2006)
27
Skulmoski et al. (2007)
71
3. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
with those stated in the characteristics table in appendix 1. This was amide to extract more
characteristics of each PEC’s from the individual analyst. They proceeded to the second questionnaire
by awarding grade to each PEC’s and in step 1 each DRT member did independent analysis (not
meeting face to face).
Step 2 (Group Analysis): The 7 DRT members were divided into two groups (i.e. 3:4 per group).
Each group skips questionnaire 1 but all the additional characteristics raised by each individual analyst
were amalgamated into the updated PEC characteristics table shown in appendix 3. The groups
proceed with questionnaire 2 and award grades and to each updated PEC characteristics. Step 2 is far
different from step one since most of the grades were awarded by intense deliberation, debate and
consensus reaching.
Step 3 (DRT Analysis): This stage the 7 DRT members did the analysis of the each PEC
characteristics together. They also skip questionnaire 1 and deal attentively with questionnaire 2
grading the updated PEC characteristics. This step is time consuming and needs a lot of patient in
terms of deliberations and approving each grade. In concluding their task they gather all the various
steps works and formed a PEC characteristics table (appendix 5, 6 and 7) by finding the mean average
of each PEC characteristics analyzed in each step.
3. Methodology
Multiple criteria decision making method (MCDM) is a decision making analysis method which
has being developed since 1970. A decision making problem is the process of finding the best option
from all feasible alternatives. A MCDM problem can be concisely expressed in a matrix format as:
Where A1, A2, A3… Am are possible alternatives among which decision makers have to choose, C1, C2,
C3… Cn are criteria with which alternatives performance are measured, Xij is the performance value
alternatives Ai with respect to criterion Cj and wj is the weight of criterion Cj. Two MCDM related
methods are discussed below.
3.1 Entropy
Entropy is a concept use to measure information that is the average amount of information (Ding
and Shi, 2005). In this paper we calculate the Delphi analysis index weight by using entropy. Entropy
method of weight calculation is highly reliable, free of decision makers’ biasness and can be easily
adopted (Zou et al. 2005). If a decision matrix B shown above with m alternatives and n indicators
entropy steps of weight calculation are as follows:
In matrix B, feature weight pij is of the ith alternatives to the jth factor,
The output entropy ej of the jth factor becomes,
Variation coefficient of the jth factor gj can be defined by the following equation,
Note that the larger gj is the higher the weight should be.
Calculate the weight of entropy wj,
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4. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
3.2 Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Method (TOPSIS)
Hwang and Yoon (1981) developed the techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal
solution (TOPSIS) method to rank alternative over multiple criteria. TOPSIS finds the best
alternatives by minimizing the distance to the ideal solution and maximizing the distance to the nadir
or negative-ideal solution (Jahanshahloo et al 2006). Several researchers have used TOPSIS in
evaluating several MCDM (Tetteh 2012, Kou et al. 2011, Dai and Wang 2011, Uyun and Riadi 2011,
Shahanaghi and Yazdian 2008, Chen 2000) problems. TOPSIS six steps listed below:
Calculate the normalized decision matrix A. The normalized value aij is calculated as;
Calculate the weighted normalized decision matrix,
Were wj is the weight of the ith criterion and
Calculate the ideal solution V+ and the negative ideal solution V-,
Calculate the separation measures, using the m-dimensional Euclidean distance,
Calculate the relative closeness to the ideal solution
Where
The larger Yi is, the closer the alternative is to the ideal solution.
The larger TOPSIS value, the better the alternative.
4. Results Discussion
4.1 Political System
Political system (democracy, communist, religious, etc.) in nations was not of great interest in
this research since this research was interested in the benefits political system provides for textile and
apparel industry to function effectively and efficiently. Individual analysis, group analysis and 7 DRT
members analysis were grouped together into a table format by finding their average of each political
characteristic (appendix 5) for entropy and TOPSIS analysis. Entropy analysis were used to obtained
the various weight for each analysis (ten in number) and the result were shown in appendix 5a.
TOPSIS followed entropy analysis to rank political characteristics and TOPSIS top five characteristics
are: effective economy, peace, good education system, fight against corruption and government laws
(appendix 5b). Thou TOPSIS analysis ranked peace number two top characteristics, the 7 DRT
members’ final conclusions were in every political system, what textiles and apparel industry valued
most is peace since without peace whatever production the industry creates cannot see the light of
profit.
4.2 Economic System
The same procedure used for political system were administered to economic system in terms of
how economic benefit affect textiles and apparel industry (entropy weight, appendix 6a) but an
interesting revelation cropped up: for any economic system to function effectively and efficiently it
depends on the political system of the day. The DRT realized that the political system puppet is
economic system. This revelation is proved in the TOPSIS analysis of political system characteristics
were effective economy were ranked number one. TOPSIS rank for economic characteristics are:
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5. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
inflation, information technology, purchasing power of money, capital and exchange rate (appendix
6b).
4.3 Cultural Environment
Under cultural environment the panel proceeded with the same analysis as per that of political
system and economic system. The DRT members realized that cultural environment cannot be
influenced by any political system or economic system. Entropy weight analysis is shown in appendix
7a and TOPSIS top five rank characteristics that affect textiles and apparel industry are; language,
attitude, food, belief system, color perception and religion (appendix 7b).
Conclusion and Limitations
This paper has utilized Delphi method of forecasting in another fashion to analyzed political
system, economic system and cultural environment that affect textile and apparel industry. After
Delphi analysis we used two MCDM entropy and TOPSIS to further analyze each PEC’s
characteristics after all the Delphi steps were arranged in a table format. From our analysis we can
conclude that in any country, political party in power controls the economic and political system. If
the government manipulates the political and economic system in any conventional/unconventional
fashion it affects textiles and apparel industry in a positive/negative way. Textiles and apparel industry
should fuse their cultural system into their organization structure since political and economic systems
cannot manipulate its effective usage in their organization system. The limitations of this paper are:
(i) small DRT member size, (ii), consensus difficulty and (iii) time frame for DRT members’
discussion on each issue were not enough.
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Acknowledgement
I wish to thank the entire PhD colleagues for participating in this analysis. My regards also goes to two
anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments.
Appendix
Appendix 1, Characteristics of PEC Affecting Textile and Apparel Industry
Political System
Economic System
Cultural Environment
Peace
Land
Belief System
Government Laws
Labor
Language
Basic needs Provision (Water, Capital
Attitudes
Electricity, fuel and other)
Good Education System
Inflation
Religion
Effective Economy
Exchange Rate
Food
High Efficiency and Promptly Entrepreneurship
Music
Effective Reaction to Emergency
Situations
Fight Against Corruption
Roads, Railways, Aviation
Dance
Right to Vote
Ports and Harbor
Ornaments
Right of Association
Information, Technology
Appendix 2a: Questionnaires to capture more PEC’s Characteristics
Questions
1. Do you agree that all the characteristics listed in appendix 1 affect PEC’s?
2. If No, list other characteristics that affect PEC.
Appendix 2b: PEC’s Characteristics Affecting Textile and Apparel Industry
Questions
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
Yes
GRADES
3
4
5
No
6
7
How do you value peace in a Nations?
How do you value peace in textile and apparel production?
How does peace in a Nation affect textile and apparel industry?
How does peace affect the profit of textile and apparel industry?
How does peace propel the Textile and apparel industry?
Note: 1. Strong Disagreement; 2. Disagreement; 3. Disagree Somewhere; 4. Uncertain; 5. Agree Somewhere; 6. Agree;
and 7. Strong Agreement
75
7. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
Appendix 3: Updated PEC’s Characteristics Affecting Textile and Apparel Industry
Political System
Economic System
Cultural Environment
Peace
Land
Belief System
Government Laws
Labor
Language
Basic needs Provision (Water, Capital
Attitudes
Electricity, fuel and other)
Good Education System
Inflation
Religion
Effective Economy
Exchange Rate
Food
High Efficiency and Promptly Entrepreneurship
Music
Effective Reaction to Emergency
Situations
Fight Against Corruption
Roads, Railways, Aviation
Dance
Right to Vote
Ports and Harbor
Ornaments
Right of Association
Information, Technology
Color Perception
Tax system
Interest rate
Factory Incentives
Import / Export duties
Purchasing Power of Money
Appendix 4:
Delphi Method Steps
Delphi Research Team (7 PHD Scholars)
Expert 1
Expert 2
Expert 3
FIRST
ROUND
FIRST
ROUND
FIRST
ROUND
Expert 4
FIRST
ROUND
Expert 5
Expert 6
Expert 7
FIRST
ROUND
FIRST
FIRST
ANSWERS FIRST ROUND QUSTIONS
SECOND
ROUND
SECOND
ROUND
SECOND
ROUND
SECOND
ROUND
SECOND
ROUND
SECOND
ROUND
SECOND
ROUND
ANSWERS SECOND ROUND QUSTIONS
THIRD
ROUND
THIRD
ROUND
THIRD
ROUND
THIRD
ROUND
THIRD
ROUND
ANSWERS THIRD ROUND QUSTIONS
76
THIRD
ROUND
THIRD
ROUND
8. WORLD ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & APPLIED SCIENCES-MARCH-SEPTEMBER 2013 EDITION
Appendix 5: Political Characteristics Table.
PhD 1
PhD 2
PhD 3
PhD 4
PhD 5
PhD 6
PhD 7
Group 1
Group 2
DRT
Good Education System
-0.20046
-0.19512
-0.21436
-0.20523
-0.21296
-0.21894
-0.21203
-0.24702
-0.20430
-0.20627
Government Laws
-0.22291
-0.24203
-0.20398
-0.20755
-0.20763
-0.21778
-0.22437
-0.21358
-0.21968
-0.21301
Effective Economy
-0.22319
-0.22115
-0.21646
-0.23061
-0.21239
-0.21217
-0.20399
-0.23117
-0.20220
-0.20836
Peace
-0.22449
-0.23139
-0.19641
-0.21059
-0.20787
-0.20744
-0.21371
-0.23431
-0.20940
-0.22046
Factory Incentive
-0.19788
-0.22854
-0.19922
-0.20882
-0.20245
-0.20957
-0.21912
-0.22361
-0.21943
-0.21094
High Efficiency and Prompt Action
-0.22344
-0.21133
-0.22473
-0.22868
-0.22230
-0.22464
-0.21912
-0.20903
-0.22460
-0.22071
Fight Against Corruption
-0.22838
-0.21359
-0.23394
-0.20755
-0.20613
-0.20982
-0.24218
-0.20903
-0.23260
-0.23089
Right to Vote
-0.22037
-0.21359
-0.22691
-0.23166
-0.23042
-0.22987
-0.21374
-0.20602
-0.22204
-0.21579
Right of Association
-0.21000
-0.21861
-0.21898
-0.22327
-0.23071
-0.20772
-0.21943
-0.20602
-0.21461
-0.22071
Tax System
-0.21755
-0.21109
-0.22124
-0.22091
-0.23016
-0.22727
-0.21646
-0.20602
-0.22460
-0.22834
Basic Needs Provision
-0.22627
-0.20672
-0.23672
-0.22014
-0.23120
-0.23038
-0.21097
-0.20602
-0.22204
-0.22071
Ej
0.99877
0.99803
0.99794
0.99880
0.99846
0.99904
0.99884
0.99748
0.99900
0.99928
dj
0.00123
0.00197
0.00206
0.00120
0.00154
0.00096
0.00116
0.00252
0.00100
0.00072
wj
0.08577
0.13713
0.14343
0.08366
0.10699
0.06687
0.08075
0.17564
0.06967
0.05010
Appendix 5a: Political Characteristics data after Normalization, Entropy value and variation coefficient.
PhD 1
PhD 2
PhD 3
PhD 4
PhD 5
PhD 6
PhD 7
Group 1
Group 2
DRT
Good Education System
4.46421
4.32995
4.86180
4.28347
4.57403
4.61405
4.49267
5.55087
4.27491
4.22012
Government Laws
5.34167
6.26880
4.47276
4.36483
4.38284
4.57214
4.95073
4.29202
4.83334
4.45475
Effective Economy
5.35322
5.34167
4.94317
5.23184
4.55322
4.37339
4.21066
4.92326
4.20210
4.29202
Peace
5.40789
5.78208
4.20210
4.47276
4.39140
4.21066
4.55322
5.04254
4.45475
4.72451
Factory Incentive
4.36996
5.65711
4.30148
4.40941
4.20210
4.28347
4.75198
4.64404
4.82388
4.38194
High Efficiency and Prompt Action
5.36367
4.94317
5.27375
5.15446
4.92326
4.82388
4.75198
4.13876
5.02263
4.73396
Fight Against Corruption
5.57287
5.03309
5.66070
4.36483
4.32995
4.29202
5.67225
4.13876
5.34167
5.12201
Right to Vote
5.23661
5.03309
5.36367
5.27375
5.24229
5.02263
4.55412
4.03938
4.92326
4.55412
Right of Association
4.82388
5.23661
5.04254
4.94317
5.25384
4.22012
4.76333
4.03938
4.64404
4.73396
Tax System
5.12201
4.93371
5.13246
4.85325
5.23184
4.92326
4.65350
4.03938
5.02263
5.02263
Basic Needs Provision
5.48295
4.76333
5.78208
4.82388
5.27375
5.04254
4.45475
4.03938
4.92326
4.73396
Appendix 5b: Political Characteristics separation measure Si+, Si- , relative closeness Yi and ranking
Si+
SiYi
Ranking
Good Education System
0.02119
0.01909
0.92002
3
Government Laws
0.02092
0.01731
0.84469
5
Effective Economy
0.01684
0.01643
0.99182
1
Peace
0.01880
0.01759
0.95329
2
Factory Incentive
0.02134
0.01334
0.63851
9
High Efficiency and Prompt Action
0.02103
0.01451
0.70434
8
Fight Against Corruption
0.02123
0.01782
0.85724
4
Right to Vote
0.02171
0.01592
0.74925
7
Right of Association
0.02215
0.01364
0.62956
11
Tax System
0.02242
0.01390
0.63393
10
Basic Needs Provision
0.02263
0.01777
0.80331
6
77