This document outlines a two-phase process to identify priorities for state health department action on end-of-life issues. Phase 1 involved concept mapping to generate 124 recommendations, which participants sorted into 9 clusters. Participants rated recommendations on importance and feasibility. Phase 2 used a modified Delphi process where experts reached consensus on 5 priority clusters and 29 short-term priority statements within those clusters. The priorities focused on public education, patient/family education, research, and professional education.
Leadership for Affordable Housing Evaluation Studymjbinstitute
The Leadership Program for Affordable Housing is a multi-sectoral program that was created in the context of the sharp increase in housing costs incurred by Israeli households and the belief that a concerted multi-sectoral effort is required to address the challenge.
The program was a collaboration between the Ministry of Construction and Housing and the JDC Institute for Leadership and Governance, together with senior level professional representatives from ten ministries and government agencies, local government, civil society organizations and the business sector.
It was implemented under the professional guidance of Dr. Chaim Fialkoff and Dr. Emily Silverman.
The Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute was commissioned to evaluate the program. For more information on this or other MJB research studies, please contact us at brook@jdc.org, visit our webpage at http://brookdale.jdc.org.il/ or catch us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/MJBInstitute
June 23, 2017
At this event, leading health care executives, experts, policymakers, and other thought leaders gathered to conclude a project to develop a guiding framework for providing improved care for people with serious illness. Participants observed the final working session where distinguished panelists discussed innovations in program design and pathways for delivering high quality care to an aging population with chronic illnesses, especially those with declining function and complex care needs. The panelists engaged audience members in Q&A sessions during each panel, as well as at breakout sessions over lunch.
This project was funded by the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, and this convening was part of the Project on Advanced Care and Health Policy, a collaboration between the Coalition to Transform Advanced Care (C-TAC) and the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School.
Learn more on the website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/critical-pathways-to-improved-care-for-serious-illness-2
Leadership for Affordable Housing Evaluation Studymjbinstitute
The Leadership Program for Affordable Housing is a multi-sectoral program that was created in the context of the sharp increase in housing costs incurred by Israeli households and the belief that a concerted multi-sectoral effort is required to address the challenge.
The program was a collaboration between the Ministry of Construction and Housing and the JDC Institute for Leadership and Governance, together with senior level professional representatives from ten ministries and government agencies, local government, civil society organizations and the business sector.
It was implemented under the professional guidance of Dr. Chaim Fialkoff and Dr. Emily Silverman.
The Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute was commissioned to evaluate the program. For more information on this or other MJB research studies, please contact us at brook@jdc.org, visit our webpage at http://brookdale.jdc.org.il/ or catch us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/MJBInstitute
June 23, 2017
At this event, leading health care executives, experts, policymakers, and other thought leaders gathered to conclude a project to develop a guiding framework for providing improved care for people with serious illness. Participants observed the final working session where distinguished panelists discussed innovations in program design and pathways for delivering high quality care to an aging population with chronic illnesses, especially those with declining function and complex care needs. The panelists engaged audience members in Q&A sessions during each panel, as well as at breakout sessions over lunch.
This project was funded by the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, and this convening was part of the Project on Advanced Care and Health Policy, a collaboration between the Coalition to Transform Advanced Care (C-TAC) and the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School.
Learn more on the website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/critical-pathways-to-improved-care-for-serious-illness-2
This session (from CORE Group Fall 2008 meeting) provides an overview of the things to consider when seeking to publish an article in a public health journal. Elements discussed included: developing a focus for your article, writing an abstract, working with field staff to gather data and information, space limitations, and working with an editorial review board.
Helping chronically ill or disabled people into work: what can we learn from ...StephenClayton11
This project has added to knowledge in five main areas:
It has mapped the range and types of policies and interventions that have been
implemented in Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK that may influence
employment chances for chronically ill and disabled people. By doing so it has added
to understanding about what has actually been tried in each country and what might be
considered in others.
It has refined a typology of the focussed interventions that have been identified, based
on the underlying programme logic of the intervention, which aids strategic thinking
about national efforts to help chronically ill and disabled people into work.
It has produced systematic reviews of the impact of the focussed interventions on the
employment chances of chronically ill and disabled people and demonstrated the use of
the typology in helping to interpret the results of the evaluations.
The project’s empirical analyses of individual-level data have identified how
chronically ill people from different socio-economic groups have fared in the labour
markets of the five countries over the past two decades. It has then tested these findings
against hypotheses about the impact of macro-level labour market policies on
chronically ill people to provide insights into the influence of the policy context.
The project has contributed to methodological development in evidence synthesis and
the evaluation of natural policy experiments. By studying a small number of countries
in great depth, we gained greater understanding of the policies and interventions that
have been tried in these countries to help chronically ill and disabled people into work,
against the backdrop of the wider labour market and macro-economic trends in those
countries. We then integrated evidence from the wider policy context into the findings
of systematic reviews of effectiveness of interventions, to advance interpretation of the
natural policy experiments that have been implemented in these countries.
Deciding For the Future: Balancing Risks, Costs and Benefits Fairly Across Ge...Larry Boyer
Increasingly decisions we make have impacts for many future generations. Traditional cost benefit analysis breaks down as the fundamental economic and philosophical theory and mathematics each cry for another solution. The National Academy of Public Administration convened a panel to explore the issue.
As a project staff member and economist I identified leading authorities to participate on the panel, write white papers on topics of interest to the panel, provide research materials, draft document and develop graphics for the reports.
An evaluation of the Route to Success resources, related tools and frameworks covering disease specific areas: heart failure; advanced kidney disease; dementia; and long term neurological conditions
13 December 2012 - Institute of Healthcare Management / National End of Life Care Programme
This project set out to review how the series of publications and supporting tools, resource guides and frameworks developed and supported by the National End of Life Care Programme (NEoLCP) have been utilised across four disease specific pathways.
The disease specific pathways to be included in the review are:
Heart Failure
Advanced Kidney Disease
Dementia
Long term neurological conditions
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health.docxmariuse18nolet
Introduction to
Program Evaluation
for Public Health Programs:
A Self-Study Guide
Suggested Citation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Office of the Director, Office of Strategy and Innovation.
Introduction to program evaluation for public health
programs: A self-study guide. Atlanta, GA: Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011.
OCTOBER 2011
Acknowledgments
This manual integrates, in part, the excellent work of the many CDC programs that have used
CDC’s Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health to develop guidance documents and
other materials for their grantees and partners. We thank in particular the Office on Smoking
and Health, and the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, whose prior work influenced the
content of this manual.
We thank the following people from the Evaluation Manual Planning Group for their assistance in
coordinating, reviewing, and producing this document. In particular:
NCHSTP, Division of TB Elimination: Maureen Wilce
NCID, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Jennifer Weissman
NCCDPHP, Division of Diabetes Translation: Clay Cooksey
NCEH, Division of Airborne and Respiratory Diseases: Kathy Sunnarborg
We extend special thanks to Daphna Gregg and Antoinette Buchanan for their careful editing
and composition work on drafts of the manual, and to the staff of the Office of the Associate
Director of Science for their careful review of the manual and assistance with the clearance
process.
Contents
Page
Executive Summary
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
Step 1: Engage Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 13
Step 2: Describe the Program ................................................................................................ 21
Step 3: Focus the Evaluation Design ..................................................................................... 42
Step 4: Gather Credible Evidence ......................................................................................... 56
Step 5: Justify Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 74
Step 6: Ensure Use of Evaluation Findings and Share Lessons Learned ......................... 82
Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Program Evaluation Resources ..................................................................................................... 99
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health Programs Executive Summary - 1
Executive Summary
This documen.
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health.docxbagotjesusa
Introduction to
Program Evaluation
for Public Health Programs:
A Self-Study Guide
Suggested Citation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Office of the Director, Office of Strategy and Innovation.
Introduction to program evaluation for public health
programs: A self-study guide. Atlanta, GA: Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011.
OCTOBER 2011
Acknowledgments
This manual integrates, in part, the excellent work of the many CDC programs that have used
CDC’s Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health to develop guidance documents and
other materials for their grantees and partners. We thank in particular the Office on Smoking
and Health, and the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, whose prior work influenced the
content of this manual.
We thank the following people from the Evaluation Manual Planning Group for their assistance in
coordinating, reviewing, and producing this document. In particular:
NCHSTP, Division of TB Elimination: Maureen Wilce
NCID, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Jennifer Weissman
NCCDPHP, Division of Diabetes Translation: Clay Cooksey
NCEH, Division of Airborne and Respiratory Diseases: Kathy Sunnarborg
We extend special thanks to Daphna Gregg and Antoinette Buchanan for their careful editing
and composition work on drafts of the manual, and to the staff of the Office of the Associate
Director of Science for their careful review of the manual and assistance with the clearance
process.
Contents
Page
Executive Summary
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
Step 1: Engage Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 13
Step 2: Describe the Program ................................................................................................ 21
Step 3: Focus the Evaluation Design ..................................................................................... 42
Step 4: Gather Credible Evidence ......................................................................................... 56
Step 5: Justify Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 74
Step 6: Ensure Use of Evaluation Findings and Share Lessons Learned ......................... 82
Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Program Evaluation Resources ..................................................................................................... 99
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health Programs Executive Summary - 1
Executive Summary
This documen.
An evaluation of the Route to Success resources, related tools and frameworks covering four settings: acute, care homes, domiciliary care and hostels for the homeless
13 December 2012 - Institute of Healthcare Management / National End of Life Care Programme
The project set out to review how the Route to Success (RtS) series of publications and supporting tools, resource guides and frameworks developed and supported by the National End of Life Care Programme (NEoLCP) have been utilised within site-specific settings.
Four publications were included in the evaluation:
Acute Hospitals
Care Homes
Domiciliary Care; and
Hostels for the Homeless.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
This session (from CORE Group Fall 2008 meeting) provides an overview of the things to consider when seeking to publish an article in a public health journal. Elements discussed included: developing a focus for your article, writing an abstract, working with field staff to gather data and information, space limitations, and working with an editorial review board.
Helping chronically ill or disabled people into work: what can we learn from ...StephenClayton11
This project has added to knowledge in five main areas:
It has mapped the range and types of policies and interventions that have been
implemented in Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK that may influence
employment chances for chronically ill and disabled people. By doing so it has added
to understanding about what has actually been tried in each country and what might be
considered in others.
It has refined a typology of the focussed interventions that have been identified, based
on the underlying programme logic of the intervention, which aids strategic thinking
about national efforts to help chronically ill and disabled people into work.
It has produced systematic reviews of the impact of the focussed interventions on the
employment chances of chronically ill and disabled people and demonstrated the use of
the typology in helping to interpret the results of the evaluations.
The project’s empirical analyses of individual-level data have identified how
chronically ill people from different socio-economic groups have fared in the labour
markets of the five countries over the past two decades. It has then tested these findings
against hypotheses about the impact of macro-level labour market policies on
chronically ill people to provide insights into the influence of the policy context.
The project has contributed to methodological development in evidence synthesis and
the evaluation of natural policy experiments. By studying a small number of countries
in great depth, we gained greater understanding of the policies and interventions that
have been tried in these countries to help chronically ill and disabled people into work,
against the backdrop of the wider labour market and macro-economic trends in those
countries. We then integrated evidence from the wider policy context into the findings
of systematic reviews of effectiveness of interventions, to advance interpretation of the
natural policy experiments that have been implemented in these countries.
Deciding For the Future: Balancing Risks, Costs and Benefits Fairly Across Ge...Larry Boyer
Increasingly decisions we make have impacts for many future generations. Traditional cost benefit analysis breaks down as the fundamental economic and philosophical theory and mathematics each cry for another solution. The National Academy of Public Administration convened a panel to explore the issue.
As a project staff member and economist I identified leading authorities to participate on the panel, write white papers on topics of interest to the panel, provide research materials, draft document and develop graphics for the reports.
An evaluation of the Route to Success resources, related tools and frameworks covering disease specific areas: heart failure; advanced kidney disease; dementia; and long term neurological conditions
13 December 2012 - Institute of Healthcare Management / National End of Life Care Programme
This project set out to review how the series of publications and supporting tools, resource guides and frameworks developed and supported by the National End of Life Care Programme (NEoLCP) have been utilised across four disease specific pathways.
The disease specific pathways to be included in the review are:
Heart Failure
Advanced Kidney Disease
Dementia
Long term neurological conditions
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health.docxmariuse18nolet
Introduction to
Program Evaluation
for Public Health Programs:
A Self-Study Guide
Suggested Citation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Office of the Director, Office of Strategy and Innovation.
Introduction to program evaluation for public health
programs: A self-study guide. Atlanta, GA: Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011.
OCTOBER 2011
Acknowledgments
This manual integrates, in part, the excellent work of the many CDC programs that have used
CDC’s Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health to develop guidance documents and
other materials for their grantees and partners. We thank in particular the Office on Smoking
and Health, and the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, whose prior work influenced the
content of this manual.
We thank the following people from the Evaluation Manual Planning Group for their assistance in
coordinating, reviewing, and producing this document. In particular:
NCHSTP, Division of TB Elimination: Maureen Wilce
NCID, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Jennifer Weissman
NCCDPHP, Division of Diabetes Translation: Clay Cooksey
NCEH, Division of Airborne and Respiratory Diseases: Kathy Sunnarborg
We extend special thanks to Daphna Gregg and Antoinette Buchanan for their careful editing
and composition work on drafts of the manual, and to the staff of the Office of the Associate
Director of Science for their careful review of the manual and assistance with the clearance
process.
Contents
Page
Executive Summary
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
Step 1: Engage Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 13
Step 2: Describe the Program ................................................................................................ 21
Step 3: Focus the Evaluation Design ..................................................................................... 42
Step 4: Gather Credible Evidence ......................................................................................... 56
Step 5: Justify Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 74
Step 6: Ensure Use of Evaluation Findings and Share Lessons Learned ......................... 82
Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Program Evaluation Resources ..................................................................................................... 99
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health Programs Executive Summary - 1
Executive Summary
This documen.
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health.docxbagotjesusa
Introduction to
Program Evaluation
for Public Health Programs:
A Self-Study Guide
Suggested Citation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Office of the Director, Office of Strategy and Innovation.
Introduction to program evaluation for public health
programs: A self-study guide. Atlanta, GA: Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011.
OCTOBER 2011
Acknowledgments
This manual integrates, in part, the excellent work of the many CDC programs that have used
CDC’s Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health to develop guidance documents and
other materials for their grantees and partners. We thank in particular the Office on Smoking
and Health, and the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, whose prior work influenced the
content of this manual.
We thank the following people from the Evaluation Manual Planning Group for their assistance in
coordinating, reviewing, and producing this document. In particular:
NCHSTP, Division of TB Elimination: Maureen Wilce
NCID, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Jennifer Weissman
NCCDPHP, Division of Diabetes Translation: Clay Cooksey
NCEH, Division of Airborne and Respiratory Diseases: Kathy Sunnarborg
We extend special thanks to Daphna Gregg and Antoinette Buchanan for their careful editing
and composition work on drafts of the manual, and to the staff of the Office of the Associate
Director of Science for their careful review of the manual and assistance with the clearance
process.
Contents
Page
Executive Summary
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
Step 1: Engage Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 13
Step 2: Describe the Program ................................................................................................ 21
Step 3: Focus the Evaluation Design ..................................................................................... 42
Step 4: Gather Credible Evidence ......................................................................................... 56
Step 5: Justify Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 74
Step 6: Ensure Use of Evaluation Findings and Share Lessons Learned ......................... 82
Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Program Evaluation Resources ..................................................................................................... 99
Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health Programs Executive Summary - 1
Executive Summary
This documen.
An evaluation of the Route to Success resources, related tools and frameworks covering four settings: acute, care homes, domiciliary care and hostels for the homeless
13 December 2012 - Institute of Healthcare Management / National End of Life Care Programme
The project set out to review how the Route to Success (RtS) series of publications and supporting tools, resource guides and frameworks developed and supported by the National End of Life Care Programme (NEoLCP) have been utilised within site-specific settings.
Four publications were included in the evaluation:
Acute Hospitals
Care Homes
Domiciliary Care; and
Hostels for the Homeless.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
National Institute of Health: Theory at a Glance, A Guide for Health Promotio...Zach Lukasiewicz
Introduction viii
Audience and Purpose 1
Contents 1
Part 1: Foundations of Theory in Health Promotion and Health Behavior 3
Why Is Theory Important to Health Promotion and Health Behavior Practice? 4
What Is Theory? 4
How Can Theory Help Plan Effective Programs? 4
Explanatory Theory and Change Theory 5
Fitting Theory to the Field of Practice 5
Using Theory to Address Health Issues in Diverse Populations 7
Part 2: Theories and Applications 9
The Ecological Perspective: A Multilevel, Interactive Approach 10
Theoretical Explanations of Three Levels of Influence 12
Individual or Intrapersonal Level 12
Health Belief Model 13
Stages of Change Model 15
Theory of Planned Behavior 16
Precaution Adoption Process Model 18
Interpersonal Level 19
Social Cognitive Theory 19
Community Level 22
Community Organization and Other Participatory Models 23
Diffusion of Innovations 27
Communication Theory 29
Media Effects 30
Agenda Setting 30
New Communication Technologies 31
1
Stakeholder Involvement In Evaluation Planning
Student Name
Institution Name
Course Number
Due Date
Faculty Name
Topic: Stakeholder Involvement In evaluation Planning
Stakeholders are the people that are at stake on the evaluation. They are individuals that have interest in or are impacted by evaluation and its results. I would consider involving stakeholders in health program planning. Stakeholders have the ability to provide ideas and aidin the creation of potential solutions (Ferreira,et al., 2020). In most cases stakeholders are from various backgrounds; they therefore look at issues from various perspectives.this allows opposing viewpoints to be expressed and also discussed. Engaging stakeholders from the planning stage, maximizes the chance of project success through the final execution. They may as well aid in preventing unforeseen problems (Michnej, & Zwolinski, 2018). They have a great influence on the community of animal lovers, thus it is imperative to have an advocate instead of an adversary.
I would consider facilitating stakeholder’s involvement through maintaining open communication. The stakeholders need to be updated on the organization’s core purpose. It is essential to be consistent in the messages, and use them to show employees how they fit in the plan as well as how their contributions have aided in shaping the decisions made (Smith, 2017). Individuals that know what is expected as well as how they contribute tend to be more engaged and committed in comparison to those that do not. It is essential to ensure that the stakeholders know where they fit in. engaging employees in the planning process aids in building ownership in the firm.
References
Ferreira, V., Barreira, A. P., Loures, L., Antunes, D., & Panagopoulos, T. (2020). Stakeholders’ engagement on nature-based solutions: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(2), 640.
Michnej, M., & Zwoliński, T. (2018). The role and responsibility of stakeholders in the planning process of the sustainable urban mobility in the city Krakow. Transport Economics and Logistics, 80, 159-167.
Smith, P. A. (2017). Stakeholder engagement framework. Information & Security, 38, 35-45.
TOPIC: Strategies and Ethics
As the director of the local public health department, you are preparing to conduct a town hall presentation. In it you will communicate the direction of the strategic plan. Your audience will include collaborative partners (invested stakeholders) such as academicians, health professionals, state health department staff, representatives from affected communities, and representatives from nongovernmental organizations.
Recall that your Stakeholder Involvement in Evaluation Planning discussion in Unit 5 reviewed the planning and evaluation cycle (Figure 11-1 in your textbook). In addition, in that discussion you explained where in the cycle and how you would seek stakeholder involvement in evaluation planning. The town hall presentation is on ...
Better Health? Composite Evidence from Four Literature ReviewsHFG Project
The Marshaling the Evidence secretariat agreed that a cross-cutting synthesis paper was necessary to frame the work in the wider context of governance in health systems, drawing distinctions and consensus across all four TWG papers. Members of the secretariat, some of whom also were members of the TWGs, conducted the analysis across each TWG report and wrote the synthesis report. The report compiles results from the TWGs into a searchable database, contained in Annex 1. The report also lays the foundation for future action—from dissemination to further research agendas and policy plans.
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and InterventionSergEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and Intervention
Sergio Osegueda Acuna MSN-FNP-BC
MRC
Nursing Process with communities
Population-focused health planning
Health planning is a continuous social process by which data about clients are collected and analyzed for the purpose of developing a plan to generate new ideas, meet identified client needs, solve health problems, and guide changes in health care delivery.
To date, you have been responsible primarily for developing a plan of care for the individual client.
History of U.S. Health Planning
The history of health planning in the United States has alternated between the federal and state governments.
Before the 1960s, health planning occurred primarily at the state level.
In the 1960s, health planning became a federal effort.
In 1966, the Comprehensive Health Planning and Public Health Service Amendment was passed to enable states and local communities to plan for better health resources.
In the 1980s, President Reagan aimed to reduce both the size of the federal government and the influence the federal government had on states. His administration eliminated the federal budget and planning requirements while encouraging states to make their own planning decisions.
History of U.S. Health Planning
In 1980, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act encouraged the use of noninstitutional services, such as home health care, to fight escalating costs.
In 1983 the Prospective Payment System drastically changed hospital reimbursement, resulted in shorter hospital stays for patients, shifted care into the community, and placed greater responsibilities for care of relatives on family members
The federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act) of 2010 requires access to health care for most Americans.
Rationale for Nursing Involvement in the Health Planning Process
Florence Nightingale and Lillian Wald pioneered health planning based on an assessment of the health needs of the communities they served
Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) (2007) and the American Public Health Association (APHA) (1996) state that the primary responsibility of community/public health nurses is to the community or population as a whole and that nurses must acknowledge the need for comprehensive health planning to implement this responsibility.
Nurses spend a greater amount of time in direct contact with their clients than do any other health care professionals.
Nursing Role in Program Planning
Planning for change at the community level is more complex than at the individual level.
Components to the client system have been increased, and more people and more complex organizations are involved.
Baccalaureate-prepared community/public nurses are expected to apply the nursing process with subpopulations or aggregates with limited supervision (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1986; ANA, 2007)
Planning for community change
To plan and implement programs at a commu ...
Marshalling the Evidence of Governance Contributions to Health System Perform...HFG Project
There is a lack of evidence and understanding of the dynamics of interventions and contexts in which improved health system governance can contribute to improved health outcomes. As donors and governments increase their emphasis on improving the accountability and transparency of health systems, there is an ever increasing need for this evidence. Governance interventions could then more effectively contribute to measurable improvements in health
outcomes such as reduction in maternal or child mortality, or increased coverage of HIV/AIDS treatment.
On September 14, 2016 the USAID Health Finance and Governance Project (HFG) supported the USAID Office of Health Systems (OHS) and WHO to co-sponsor a workshop to launch a major initiative to marshal the evidence of how health governance contributes to health system performance and ultimately health outcomes. The marshaling of evidence activity will culminate in a high level international event in June 2017 to share knowledge and foster dialogue between donors, researchers, health governance practitioners, and policy makers.
The event brings together important USAID and WHO initiatives to elevate the importance of health governance. The HFG workshop included 35 health and governance professionals from across USAID (OHS, the Center of Excellence for Democracy, Rights and Governance, and the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education and Environment), the WHO, World Bank, academic partners, and implementing partners to launch the marshaling the evidence effort.
Introduction
Planning
Definitions
Components
Types of health planning
Steps in planning process
Introduction
Planning
Definitions
Components
Types of health planning
Steps in planning process
Evaluation
Definitions..
Types
Steps in evaluation
Frame work for evaluation of public health program.
Conclusion.
References.
Literary Analysis and Composition II (Sem1) Writing to a Promp.docxSHIVA101531
Literary Analysis and Composition II (Sem1) | Writing to a Prompt | Lesson 3
HW 425: Health and Wellness Programming: Design and Administration
Unit 1 Needs Assessment: The Big Picture
Lesson 3: Conducting Needs Assessments
Conducting a needs assessment entails the completion of a series of activities that are repeated to identify and prioritize the health needs of a target population. (Hodges & Videto, 2005, page 5, ¶3)
“Health educators gather, analyze, and prioritize information across and within groups of similar data to my systematic, well-informed decisions regarding the highest and most feasible health-related needs to be addressed” (Hodges & Videto, 2005, page 5, ¶3)
within a clearly defined, specific, target population.
Conducting needs assessments is the first step in “…the process of creating health education and health promotion programs” (Hodges and Videto, 2005, page 7, ¶3).
Hodges and Videto point out that while “Planning and conducting a needs assessment can seem like a daunting task…there are models and frameworks to help organize your planning” (2005, page 7, ¶3).
Models and Frameworks
Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH)
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed this approach for use in health education and health promotion situations. (Hodges & Videto, 2005, page 7, ¶3)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
PATCH, the acronym for Planned Approach to Community Health, is a cooperative program of technical assistance managed and supported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). PATCH is designed to strengthen state and local health departments' capacities to plan, implement, and evaluate community- based health promotion activities targeted toward priority health problems. (CDC, 2007)
The PATCH concept emerged in 1983 primarily as a CDC response to the shift in federal policy regarding categorical grants to states. One of those categorical grant programs was the Health Education-Risk Reduction (HERR) Grants Program. (CDC, 2007)
Basic Concept: Diffuse Effective Strategies
From its inception, the primary goal of PATCH was to create a practical mechanism through which effective community health education action could be targeted to address local-level health priorities. A secondary goal was to offer a practical, skills-based program of technical assistance wherein health education leaders in state health agencies would work with their local level counterparts to establish community health education programs. (Kreuter, 1984; Nelson, Kreuter, Watkins, & Stoddard, 1987). (CDC, 2007)
During the formative stages of PATCH, knowledge of what constituted effective community-based health education interventions was by no means complete and, of course, remains in a continuous state of development. However, as investigators directing community-based cardiovascular disease intervention programs began to describe resu ...
Similar to End_of_Life_State_Roles report 2004 (20)
3. 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Association of State and Territorial Chronic Disease Program
Directors (CDD) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) facilitated a process to identify and prioritize public health
activities related to end of life issues. Concept mapping and a modi-
fied Delphi process yielded the following five priority recommenda-
tions for state health department action:
1. Identify a chronic disease point person within the state health
department to coordinate/liaison end-of-life activities with
relevant issues (e.g., aging, cancer).
2. Collect, analyze, and share data about end of life through
state surveys such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System (BRFSS).
3. Incorporate end-of-life care into state comprehensive cancer
control plans.
4. Educate the public about the availability of hospice and
palliative care.
5. Educate the public about the importance of advance directives
and health care proxies.
Follow-up to this project will focus on these recommendations and will
include an environmental scan of current state health department
efforts regarding end-of-life issues.
4. 2
PURPOSE
The purpose of this report is to assist state health departments and other
organizations in identifying the role of public health in addressing end-of-
life issues. The Association of State and Territorial Chronic Disease
Program Directors (CDD) conducted this project, which was supported by
the Divisions of Cancer Prevention and Control and Adult and Community
Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
BACKGROUND
Over the past decade, issues related to the dying process have gained a
heightened visibility in the health care system. Only recently has end
of life begun to capture the attention of the public health community
as a health concern that merits public health involvement.1 Although
death itself is ultimately not preventable, much of the suffering that
may accompany the dying process is amenable to population-based
interventions.
The health care system has already begun to address end-of-life issues.
Public health agencies, particularly state health departments, have many
opportunities to contribute to these efforts, but they need a greater under-
standing of their appropriate role with respect to end of life. In October
2002, CDD began a project to solicit recommendations for public health
action on end-of-life issues.
This project had two phases. In each phase, stakeholders with expertise in
end of life, public health, aging, and cancer generously shared their knowl-
edge, ideas, and assistance in developing recommendations and identifying
priorities. Phase I involved a concept mapping process, facilitated by
Concept Systems, Inc., to develop recommendations for public health
action relevant to end of life. Phase II involved a modified Delphi process
to develop consensus on the initial priorities for state health departments.
5. 3
PHASE l: CONCEPT MAPPING
A concept mapping process was used to collect, organize, and visually
represent the ideas submitted by stakeholders. Concept mapping com-
bines qualitative and quantitative methods to develop maps that pro-
vide a framework for stakeholders to use as they formulate recommen-
dations.2 More than 200 individuals from a broad array of institu-
tions, including state and federal agencies, academia, and foundations
participated in this phase.
CONCEPT MAPPING METHOD
1. Participants generated ideas to complete the following focused
statement: “To enhance the lives of seriously ill, injured, or
dying people and their families, a specific thing that the state or
local health department could do (or enable others to do) is….”
More than 200 participants generated 647 statements that were
consolidated into a final set of 124 ideas.
2. A core group of 38 members organized the 124 ideas into cate-
gories to identify themes or patterns.
3. All participants provided input by rating the importance and
feasibility of each idea.
4. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to organize and
visually present the ideas in a series of concept maps. These
maps show the relationships between the ideas, the clustering
of ideas into themes or categories, and how participants rated
the ideas.
5. In the final step of this process, members of the core group par-
ticipated in two regional meetings to review and interpret the
maps and develop recommendations.
6. 4
FINDINGS
The concept mapping
process resulted in several
concept diagrams or
maps. The Cluster Point
Map (Figure 1) shows
each of the final 124
ideas as a point on the
map. Points that are close
together are considered
conceptually similar. This
map also shows the nine
clusters into which the
points were sorted. Ideas
within a cluster are relat-
ed conceptually, and clus-
ters that are close togeth-
er may represent similar
themes.
The Cluster Map (Figure
2) shows the nine clusters
without the points (i.e.
groups of individual); the
labels summarize the
ideas within each cluster:
patient, family and care-
giver education; public
education; professional
education; policy and
planning; quality of serv-
ices; Access to support
services; research, epi-
demiology, and evalua-
tion; funding and finan-
cial issues; and help for
patients, families and
caregivers.
Figure 1: Cluster Point Map: End-of-Life
Recommendations for State Health Departments
Figure 3: Cluster Importance Rating Map: End-of-Life
Recommendations for State Health Departments
Patient, Family &
Caregiver
Education
Public Education
Policy
and Planning
Quality of
Services
Help for Patients, Families &
Caregivers
Funding &
Financial Issues
Professional
Education
Research, Epidemiology &
Evaluation
Acces to
Support
Services
Figure 2: Cluster Map: End-of-Life
Recommendations for State Health Departments
Patient, Family &
Caregiver
Education
Public Education
Policy
and Planning
Quality of
Services
Acces to
Support
Services
Help for Patients, Families &
Caregivers
Funding &
Financial Issues
Research, Epidemiology &
Evaluation
Professional
Education
7. 5
Other analyses examined whether the ideas received different ratings of
emphasis (i.e., importance, feasibility). The Cluster Rating Map
(Figure 3, on page 7) highlights the relative importance of each topic
(cluster), as rated by the participants. The number of layers in a clus-
ter indicates the average importance rating for the topic (more layers
denote more importance). For example, “Help for Patients, Families,
and Caregivers” has only one layer, and thus was considered less
important than “Professional Education,” which has five layers. Note
that these ratings refer to relative importance. Because key stakehold-
ers generated all of these ideas, all ideas were considered important.
Figure 4:
Cluster
Pattern Match
of Importance
and
Feasibility:
End-of-Life
Recommendat
ions for State
Health
Departments
IMPORTANCE FEASIBILITY
3.9 3.9
2.75 2.75
Funding & Financial Issues
Professional Education
Public Education
Quality of Services
Patient, Family &
Caregiver Education
Policy and Planning
Access to Support Services
Research, Epidemiology
& Evaluation
Public Education
Patient, Family &
Caregiver Education
Research, Epidemiology
& Evaluation
Professional Education
Policy and Planning
Quality of Services
Access to Support Services
Help for Patients, Fmilies &
Caregivers
Funding & Financial Issues
Participants also completed a feasibility rating. Figure 4, Pattern Match
of Importance vs. Feasibility, shows the correlation between the aver-
age importance rating and the average feasibility rating for each topic.
The greater the slope of the line between the importance and the feasi-
bility ratings, the less the ratings were correlated. For example, the
average importance rating for “Funding and Financial Issues” was con-
siderably higher than its feasibility rating, indicating that the partici-
pants perceived this topic to be quite important but relatively difficult
to address.
In regional meetings, core group members explored these results,
focusing on ideas that ranked relatively high in both feasibility and
importance. They generated short-term recommendations and longer-
term recommendations for each cluster.
8. PHASE ll: MODIFIED DELPHI PROCESS
In Phase II, a modified Delphi process3 was used to reach a consensus on a
set of short-term priorities generated in Phase I. A subgroup of 23 partici-
pants from Phase I participated in this phase. The Delphi process is a
structured method that allows the development of a consensus among
experts who have diverse opinions. Four features to the Delphi process are
particularly suited to this project: anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback,
and statistical aggregation of a group response.
MODIFIED DELPHI METHOD
A subset of 29 statements4 reflecting short-term priorities from the five
most feasible topics were selected for the Delphi process:
• Public Education: Actions that provide information and increase
awareness regarding end-of-life issues to people who may not yet be
affected by such issues.
• Patient, Family & Caregiver Education: Actions that provide infor-
mation and support for people dealing with end-of-life issues in their
personal lives, such as living wills, organ donation, spirituality, grief,
and caregiving.
• Research, Epidemiology & Evaluation: Actions that assess and
improve understanding of the impact of end of life, barriers to care,
and program efficacy.
• Professional Education: Actions that build skills, knowledge, and
awareness among service providers and public health professionals of
issues related to end of life.
• Policy & Planning: Actions that focus decision-makers on the inte-
gration, regulation, and implementation of programs and services
related to end-of-life.
The modified Delphi process included three iterations. In the first round,
participants ranked the top five overall priorities for the next two years.
The participants’ rankings in Round 1 were collated, and this information
was provided on the Round 2 form. In Round 2, the participants were
again asked to rank the top five priorities. These results were also collated,
and the Round 3 form included information on the Round 1 and Round 2
rankings. In Round 3, participants once again ranked the top five priori-
ties. In Round 3, five recommendations were ranked most frequently (receiv-
ing from 78% to 48% of the votes); the others received five or fewer votes.
6
9. 7
FINDINGS
The top five priority recommendations for state health department
action in the short term are:
1.Identify a chronic disease point person within the state
health department to coordinate/liaison end-of-life activities
with relevant issues (e.g., aging, cancer).
2.Collect, analyze, and share data about end of life through
state surveys such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System (BRFSS).
3.Incorporate end-of-life care into state comprehensive cancer
control plans.
4.Educate the public about the availability of hospice and
palliative care.
5.Educate the public about the importance of advance
directives and health care proxies.
DISCUSSION
End of life is a relatively new area for public health. The project
reported here was successful in bringing a diverse and distinguished
group of experts together to develop a set of recommendations for
public health action regarding End-of-Life issues. In addition to fos-
tering relationships between the different stakeholders and organiza-
tions involved with this work, this project resulted in a framework and
a set of recommendations that will be useful to state health depart-
ments and other public health agencies over a period of time.
The findings of this project will be compared with other consensus-
based recommendations (e.g., Institute of Medicine reports) and will
be disseminated through manuscripts and presentations. Future work
will focus and build on the initial priority recommendations identified
in this project, and will include an environmental scan of current state
health department efforts and comprehensive cancer plans.
10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U58-
CCU311166 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) to the Association of State and Territorial Chronic Disease
Program Directors (CDD). Larry Jenkins, Member Lead, CDD,
and Jaya Rao, Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Adult and
Community Health, CDC, served as co-Chairs of the Steering
Committee and Advisory Committee and lead representatives for
CDD and CDC respectively.
For their input and assistance with the project design and implementation
as well as the dissemination of the results, the co-Chairs wish to recognize
the members of the Steering Committee: Jeanne Alongi (CDD), Lynda
Anderson (CDC – Division of Adult and Community Health), George-
Ann Stokes (CDC – Division of Cancer Prevention and Control), and Fran
Wheeler (CDD).
For their advice and assistance with implementation of this project, we
thank the members of the Advisory Committee: Myra Christopher
(Midwest Bioethics Center), Virginia Dize (National Association of State
Units on Aging), James Donnelly (University of Buffalo), Carolyn Jenkins
(Medical University of South Carolina), and Bonnie Teschendorf
(American Cancer Society).
We also thank the more than 200 participants who contributed their time and
ideas for defining the role of public health in addressing end-of-life issues.
Finally, we thank Mary Kane and Jill Helmle of Concept Systems, Inc.,
for managing the concept mapping process in Phase I of the project.
8
11. REFERENCES
1. Rao JK, Anderson LA, Smith SM. End of life is a public health
issue. Am J Prev Med. 2002;23:215 – 220.
2. Trochim W. An introduction to concept mapping for planning
and evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning. 1989;12:1-16.
3. Tersine RJ, Riggs WE. The Delphi technique: a long-range
planning tool. Business Horizons. 1976;51-56.
4. The Role of State Health Departments in Addressing End-of-Life
Issues - Recommendations from Phase I.
http://www.chronicdisease.org/NEW/chronic_disease_reports.htm
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