Definition with Classification, PMP Study, PM Process Groups, PM Processes, Inputs and Outputs, Tools and Techniques of Processes

1. Project Integration Management
Project Integration Management includes the processes and activities
needed to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various
processes and project management activities within the Project Management
Process Groups
Project Scope Management
Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that
the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to
complete the project successfully.
Project Time Management Project Time Management includes the processes required to manage the
timely completion of the project.
Project Cost Management
Project Cost Management includes the processes involved in planning,
estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling costs so
that the project can be completed within the approved budget.
Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the processes and activities of the
performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives, and
responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was
undertaken.
Project Human Resource Management Project Human Resource Management includes the processes that organize,
manage, and lead the project team.
Project Communications Management
Project Communications Management includes the processes that are
required to ensure timely and appropriate planning, collection, creation,
distribution, storage, retrieval, management, control, monitoring, and the
ultimate disposition of project information.
Project Risk Management
Project Risk Management includes the processes of conducting risk
management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and
controlling risk on a project
Project Procurement Management
Project Procurement Management includes the processes necessary to
purchase or acquire products, services, or results needed from outside the
project team
Project Stakeholder Management
Project Stakeholder Management includes the processes required to identify
all people or organizations impacted by the project, analyzing stakeholder
expectations and impact on the project, and developing appropriate
management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project
decisions and execution.

2. Develop Project Charter
The process of developing a document that formally
authorizes the existence of a project and provides the
project manager with the authority to apply organizational
resources to project activities.
Develop Project Management Plan
The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all
subsidiary plans and integrating them into a
comprehensive project management plan.
Direct and Manage Project Work
The process of leading and performing the work defined in
the project management plan and implementing approved
changes to achieve the project’s objectives.
Monitor and Control Project Work
The process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting the
progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the
project management plan
Perform Integrated Change Control
The process of reviewing all change requests; approving
changes and managing changes to deliverables,
organizational process assets, project documents, and the
project management plan; and communicating their
disposition
Close Project or Phase
The process of finalizing all activities across all of the
Project Management Process Groups to formally complete
a project or phase

3. Plan Scope Management
The process of creating a scope management plan that
documents how the project scope will be defined,
validated, and controlled
Collect Requirements
The process of determining, documenting, and
managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet
project objectives
Define Scope
The process of developing a detailed description of the
project and product
Create WBS
The process of subdividing project deliverables and
project work into smaller, more manageable components.
Validate Scope
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed
project deliverables
Control Scope
The process of monitoring the status of the project and
product scope and managing changes to the scope
baseline

4. Plan Schedule Management
The process of establishing the policies, procedures, and
documentation for planning, developing, managing,
executing, and controlling the project schedule
Define Activities
The process of identifying and documenting the specific
actions to be performed to produce the project
deliverables
Sequence Activities
The process of identifying and documenting relationships
among the project activities
Estimate Activity Resources
The process of estimating the type and quantities of
material, human resources, equipment, or supplies
required to perform each activity
Estimate Activity Durations
The process of estimating the number of work periods
needed to complete individual activities with estimated
resources
Develop Schedule
The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations,
resource requirements, and schedule constraints to
create the project schedule model.
Control Schedule
The process of monitoring the status of project activities
to update project progress and manage changes to the
schedule baseline to achieve the plan

5. Plan Cost Management
The process that establishes the policies, procedures,
and documentation for planning, managing, expending,
and controlling project costs.
Estimate Costs
The process of developing an approximation of the
monetary resources needed to complete project activities.
Determine Budget
The process of aggregating the estimated costs of
individual activities or work packages to establish an
authorized cost baseline.
Control Costs
The process of monitoring the status of the project to
update the project costs and managing changes to the
cost baseline.

6. Plan Quality Management
The process of identifying quality requirements and/or
standards for the project and its deliverables, and
documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance
with quality requirements
Perform Quality Assurance
The process of auditing the quality requirements and the
results from quality control measurements to ensure that
appropriate quality standards and operational definitions
are used
Control Quality
The process of monitoring and recording results of
executing the quality activities to assess performance and
recommend necessary changes

7. Plan Human Resource Management
The process of identifying and documenting project
roles, responsibilities, required skills, reporting
relationships, and creating a staffing management plan.
Acquire Project Team
The process of confirming human resource availability
and obtaining the team necessary to complete project
activities.
Develop Project Team
The process of improving competencies, team member
interaction, and overall team environment to enhance
project performance.
Manage Project Team
The process of tracking team member performance,
providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing
team changes to optimize project performance.

8. Plan Communications Management
The process of developing an appropriate approach and
plan for project communications based on stakeholder’s
information needs and requirements and available
organizational assets.
Manage Communications
The process of creating, collecting, distributing, storing,
retrieving, and the ultimate disposition of project
information in accordance with the communications
management plan.
Control Communications
The process of monitoring and controlling
communications throughout the entire project life cycle to
ensure the information needs of the project stakeholders
are met.

9. Plan Risk Management
The process of defining how to conduct risk
management activities for a project
Identify Risks
The process of determining which risks may affect the
project and documenting their characteristics
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or
action by assessing and combining their probability of
occurrence and impact
Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
The process of numerically analyzing the effect of
identified risks on overall project objectives
Plan Risk Responses
The process of developing options and actions to
enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project
objectives
Control Risks
The process of implementing risk response plans,
tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks,
identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process
effectiveness throughout the project

10. Plan Procurement Management
The process of documenting project procurement
decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying
potential sellers
Conduct Procurements
The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a
seller, and awarding a contract
Control Procurements
The process of managing procurement relationships,
monitoring contract performance, and making changes
and corrections as appropriate
Close Procurements The process of completing each project procurement

11. Identify Stakeholders
The process of identifying the people, groups, or
organizations that could impact or be impacted by a
decision, activity, or outcome of the project; and analyzing
and documenting relevant information regarding their
interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and
potential impact on project success
Plan Stakeholder Management
The process of developing appropriate management
strategies to effectively engage stakeholders throughout
the project life cycle, based on the analysis of their
needs, interests, and potential impact on project success
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
The process of communicating and working with
stakeholders to meet their needs/expectations, address
issues as they occur, and foster appropriate stakeholder
engagement in project activities throughout the project life
cycle
Control Stakeholder Engagement
The process of monitoring overall project stakeholder
relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for
engaging stakeholders

12. Accepted Deliverables
Products, results, or capabilities produced by a project and
validated by the project customer or sponsors as meeting their
specified acceptance criteria.
Activity Attributes
Multiple attributes associated with each schedule activity that
can be included within the activity list. Activity attributes include
activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical
relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed
dates, constraints, and assumptions.
Activity Cost Estimates
The projected cost of the schedule activity that includes the cost
for all resources required to perform and complete the activity,
including all cost types and cost components
Activity Duration Estimate
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome for
the duration of an activity.
Activity List
A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the
activity description, activity identifier,
Activity Resource Requirements
The types and quantities of resources required for each activity
in a work package.
Agreements
Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions
of a project. This can take the form of a contract, memorandum
of understanding (MOU), letters of agreement, verbal
agreements, email, etc
Approved Change Request
A change request that has been processed through the
integrated change control process and approved.

13. Basis of Estimates
Supporting documentation outlining the details used in
establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints,
level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.
Business Case
A documented economic feasibility study used to establish
validity of the benefits of a selected component lacking sufficient
definition and that is used as a basis for the authorization of
further project management activities
Change Log
A comprehensive list of changes made during the project. This
typically includes dates of the change and impacts in terms of
time, cost, and risk
Change Request
A formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or
baseline
Charter See project charter
Closed Procurements
Project contracts or other procurement agreements that have
been formally acknowledged by the proper authorizing agent as
being finalized and signed off
Communications Management Plan
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management
plan that describes how, when, and by whom information about
the project will be administered and disseminated
Cost Baseline
The approved version of the time-phased project budget,
excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only
through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis
for comparison to actual results
Cost Management Plan
A component of a project or program management plan that
describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled

14. Deliverable
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform
a service that is required to be produced to complete a process,
phase, or project
Enterprise Environmental Factors
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that
influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio
Human Resource Management Plan
A component of the project management plan that describes how
the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships, and staff
management will be addressed and structured
Issue Log
A project document used to document and monitor elements
under discussion or in dispute between project stakeholders
Make-or-Buy Decisions
Decisions made regarding the external purchase or internal
manufacture of a product
Milestone List
A list identifying all project milestones and normally indicates
whether the milestone is mandatory or optional
Organizational Process Assets
Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases
that are specific to and used by the performing organization
Procurement Documents
The documents utilized in bid and proposal activities, which
include the buyer’s Invitation for Bid, Invitation for Negotiations,
Request for Information, Request for Quotation, Request for
Proposal, and seller’s responses.

15. Procurement Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that
describes how a project team will acquire goods and services
from outside the performing organization
Procurement Statement of Work
Describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow
prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing
the products, services, or results
Product Analysis
For projects that have a product as a deliverable, it is a tool to
define scope that generally means asking questions about a
product and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics,
and other the relevant aspects of what is going to be
manufactured.
Project Calendar
A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are
available for scheduled activities.
Project Charter
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that
formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the
project manager with the authority to apply organizational
resources to project activities.
Project Funding Requirements
Forecast project costs to be paid that are derived from the cost
baseline for total or periodic requirements, including projected
expenditures plus anticipated liabilities.
Project Management Plan
The document that describes how the project will be executed
monitored, and controlled
Project Schedule
An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with
planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.

16. Project Schedule Network Diagram
A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the
project schedule activities.
Project Scope Statement
The description of the project scope, major deliverables,
assumptions, and constraints
Project Statement of Work See statement of work
Quality Checklists
A structured tool used to verify that a set of required steps has
been performed.
Quality Control Measurements The documented results of control quality activities.
Quality Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that
describes how an organization’s quality policies will be
implemented.
Quality Metrics
A description of a project or product attribute and how to
measure it
Requirements Documentation
A description of how individual requirements meet the business
need for the project
Requirements Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that
describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and
managed
Requirements Traceability Matrix
A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the
deliverables that satisfy them

17. Resource Breakdown Structure A hierarchical representation of resources by category and type
Resource Calendar
A calendar that identifies the working days and shifts on which
each specific resource is available
Risk Management Plan
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management
plan that describes how risk management activities will be
structured and performed
Risk Register
A document in which the results of risk analysis and risk
response planning are recorded
Schedule Baseline
The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed
only through formal change control procedures and is used as a
basis for comparison to actual results
Schedule Data
The collection of information for describing and controlling the
schedule
Schedule Forecasts
Estimates or predictions of conditions and events in the project’s
future based on information and knowledge available at the time
the schedule is calculated
Schedule Management Plan
A component of the project management plan that establishes
the criteria and the activities for developing, monitoring, and
controlling the schedule
Scope Baseline
The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown
structure (WBS), and its associated WBS dictionary, that can be
changed only through formal change control procedures and is
used as a basis for comparison
Scope Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that
describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored,
controlled, and verified.

18. Selected Sellers
The sellers which have been selected to provide a contracted set
of services or products
Seller Proposals
Formal responses from sellers to a request for proposal or other
procurement document specifying the price, commercial terms of
sale, and technical specifications or capabilities the seller will do
for the requesting organization that, if accepted, would bind the
seller to perform the resulting agreement
Stakeholder Management Plan
The stakeholder management plan is a subsidiary plan of the
project management plan that defines the processes, procedures,
tools, and techniques to effectively engage stakeholders in
project decisions and execution based on the analysis of their
needs, interests, and potential impact
Stakeholder Register
A project document including the identification, assessment, and
classification of project stakeholders
Work Performance Data
The raw observations and measurements identified during
activities being performed to carry out the project work
Work Performance Information
The performance data collected from various controlling
processes, analyzed in context and integrated based on
relationships across areas
Work Performance Reports
The physical or electronic representation of work performance
information compiled in project documents, intended to generate
decisions, actions, or awareness

19. Acquisition
Obtaining human and material resources necessary to perform
project activities. Acquisition implies a cost of resources, and is
not necessarily financial
Additional Quality Planning Tools
A set of tools used to define the quality requirements and to plan
effective quality management activities. They include, but are not
limited to: brainstorming, force field analysis, nominal group
techniques and quality management and control tools.
Advertising The process of calling public attention to a project or effort
Alternative Analysis
A technique used to evaluate identified options in order to select
which options or
Alternatives Generation
A technique used to develop as many potential options as
possible in order to identify different approaches to execute and
perform the work of the project
Analogous Estimating
A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a
project using historical data from a similar activity or project
Analytical Techniques
Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast
potential outcomes based on possible variations of project or
environmental variables and their relationships with other
variables
Approved Change Requests Review
A review of the change requests to verify that these were
implemented as approved
Assumptions Analysis
A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and
identifies risks to the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or
incompleteness of assumptions

20. Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the comparison of actual or planned practices,
such as processes and operations, to those of comparable
organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for
improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Bidder Conference
The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a
bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear
and common understanding of the procurement. Also known as
contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid
conferences
Bottom-Up Estimating
A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating
the estimates of the lower-level components of the work
breakdown structure (WBS)
Brainstorming
A general data gathering and creativity technique that can be
used to identify risks, ideas, or solutions to issues by using a
group of team members or subject matter experts
Change Control Tools
Manual or automated tools to assist with change and/or
configuration management. At a minimum, the tools should
support the activities of the CCB.
Checklist Analysis
A technique for systematically reviewing materials using a list for
accuracy and completeness
Claims Administration
The process of processing, adjudicating, and communicating
contract claims
Colocation
An organizational placement strategy where the project team
members are physically located close to one another in order to
improve communication, working relationships, and productivity

21. Communication Methods
A systematic procedure, technique, or process used to transfer
information among project stakeholders
Communication Models
A description, analogy or schematic used to represent how the
communication process will be performed for the project
Communication Requirements Analysis
An analytical technique to determine the information needs of the
project stakeholders through interviews, workshops, study of
lessons learned from previous projects, etc
Communication Technology
Specific tools, systems, computer programs, etc , used to
transfer information among project stakeholders
Conflict Management
Handling, controlling, and guiding a conflictual situation to
achieve a resolution.
Context Diagrams
A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business
system (process, equipment, computer system, etc), and how
people and other systems (actors) interact with it
Contingent Response Strategies
Responses provided which may be used in the event that a
specific trigger occurs
Contract Change Control System
The system used to collect, track, adjudicate, and communicate
changes to a contract
Cost Aggregation
Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the
various work packages for a given level within the project’s WBS
or for a given cost control account

22. Cost of Quality
A method of determining the costs incurred to ensure quality.
Prevention and appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include
costs for quality planning, quality control (QC), and quality
assurance to ensure compliance to requirements (i.e., training,
QC systems, etc.). Failure costs (cost of nonconformance)
include costs to rework products, components, or processes that
are non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and loss of
reputation.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A financial analysis tool used to determine the benefits provided
by a project against its costs.
Critical Chain Method
A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers
on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and
project uncertainties
Critical Path Method
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and
determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical
network paths within the schedule model.
Data Gathering and Representation
Techniques
Techniques used to collect, organize, and present data and
information
Decomposition
A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope
and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts
Dependency Determination
A technique used to identify the type of dependency that is used
to create the logical relationships between predecessor and
successor activities.
Design of Experiments
A statistical method for identifying which factors may influence
specific variables of a product or process under development or
in production.
Diagramming Techniques
Approaches to presenting information with logical linkages that
aid in understanding

23. Document Analysis
An elicitation technique that analyzes existing documentation and
identifies information relevant to the requirements.
Documentation Reviews
The process of gathering a corpus of information and reviewing it
to determine accuracy and completeness.
Earned Value Management
A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource
measurements to assess project performance and progress.
Expert Judgment
Judgment provided based upon expertise in an application area,
knowledge area, discipline, industry, etc., as appropriate for the
activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any
group or person with specialized education, knowledge, skill,
experience, or training.
Facilitated Workshops
An elicitation technique using focused sessions that bring key
cross-functional stakeholders together to define product
requirements
Focus Groups
An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified
stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their
expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or
result.
Forecast
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project’s
future based on information and knowledge available at the time
of the forecast. The information is based on the project’s past
performance and expected future performance, and includes
information that could impact the project in the future, such as
estimate at completion and estimate to complete.
Funding Limit Reconciliation
The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project
funds against any limits on the commitment of funds for the
project to identify any variances between the funding limits and
the planned expenditures.

24. Ground Rules
Expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project
team members
Group Creativity Techniques
Techniques that are used to generate ideas within a
group of stakeholders
Group Decision-Making Techniques
Techniques to assess multiple alternatives that will be
used to generate, classify, and prioritize product
requirements
Historical Information
Documents and data on prior projects including project
files, records, correspondence, closed contracts, and
closed projects
Independent Estimates
A process of using a third party to obtain and analyze
information to support prediction of cost, schedule, or
other items
Information Gathering Techniques
Repeatable processes used to assemble and organize
data across a spectrum of sources
Information Management Systems
Facilities, processes, and procedures used to collect,
store, and distribute information between producers and
consumers of information in physical or electronic format
Inspection
Examining or measuring to verify whether an activity,
component, product, result, or service conforms to
specified requirements

25. Inspections and Audits
A process to observe performance of contracted work or
a promised product against agreed-upon requirements
Interpersonal Skills
Ability to establish and maintain relationships with other
people
Interviews
A formal or informal approach to elicit information from
stakeholders by talking to them directly
Lag
The amount of time whereby a successor activity is
required to be delayed with respect to a predecessor
activity
Lead
The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be
advanced with respect to a predecessor activity
Make-or-Buy Analysis
The process of gathering and organizing data about
product requirements and analyzing them against
available alternatives including the purchase or internal
manufacture of the product
Management Skills
The ability to plan, organize, direct, and control
individuals or groups of people to achieve specific goals
Market Research
The process of gathering information at conferences,
online reviews, and a variety of sources to identify market
capabilities

26. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
This technique utilizes a decision matrix to provide a
systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria, such
as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and
rank many ideas
Negotiation
The process and activities to resolving disputes through
consultations between involved parties
Networking
Establishing connections and relationships with other
people from the same or other organizations.
Observations
A technique that provides a direct way of viewing individuals
in their environment performing their jobs or tasks and
carrying out processes
Parametric Estimating
An estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to
calculate cost or duration based on historical data and
project parameters
Payment Systems
The system used to provide and track supplier’s invoices
and payments for services and products
Performance Reporting See work performance reports
Performance Reviews
A technique that is used to measure, compare, and analyze
actual performance of
Precedence Diagramming Method
(PDM)
A technique used for constructing a schedule model in
which activities are represented by nodes and are
graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to
show the sequence in which the activities are to be
performed

27. Precedence Relationship
The term used in the precedence diagramming method for
a logical relationship. In current usage, however,
precedence relationship, logical relationship, and
dependency are widely used interchangeably, regardless of
the diagramming method used. See also logical relationship
Procurement Audits
The review of contracts and contracting processes for
completeness, accuracy, and effectiveness
Procurement Performance Reviews
A structured review of the seller’s progress to deliver
project scope and quality, within cost and on schedule, as
compared to the contract
Project Management Information
System
An information system consisting of the tools and
techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the
outputs of project management processes. It is used to
support all aspects of the project from initiating through
closing, and can include both manual and automated
systems.
Proposal Evaluation Techniques
The process of reviewing proposals provided by suppliers
to support contract award decisions.
Prototypes
A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by
providing a working model of the expected product before
actually building it.
Quality Audits
A quality audit is a structured, independent process to
determine if project activities comply with organizational and
project policies, processes, and procedures.
Quality Management and Control
Tools
They are a type of quality planning tools used to link and
sequence the activities identified.

28. Quantitative Risk Analysis and
Modeling Techniques
Commonly used techniques for both event-oriented and
project-oriented analysis approaches.
Questionnaires and Surveys
Written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate
information from a large number of respondents.
Records Management System
A specific set of processes, related control functions, and
tools that are consolidated and combined to record and
retain information about the project
Reserve Analysis
An analytical technique to determine the essential
features and relationships of components in the project
management plan to establish a reserve for the schedule
duration, budget, estimated cost, or funds for a project
Resource Optimization Techniques
A technique that is used to adjust the start and finish
dates of activities that adjust planned resource use to be
equal to or less than resource availability
Risk Audits
Examination and documentation of the effectiveness of
risk responses in dealing with identified risks and their
root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk
management process
Risk Categorization
Organization by sources of risk (e.g., using the RBS), the
area of the project affected (e.g., using the WBS), or
other useful category (e.g., project phase) to determine
the areas of the project
most exposed to the effects of uncertainty.
Risk Data Quality Assessment
Technique to evaluate the degree to which the data
about risks is useful for risk management

29. Risk Reassessment
Risk reassessment is the identification of new risks,
reassessment of current risks, and the closing of risks
that are outdated
Risk Urgency Assessment
Review and determination of the timing of actions that
may need to occur sooner than other risk items
Rolling Wave Planning
An iterative planning technique in which the work to be
accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while
the work in the future is planned at a higher level
Schedule Network Analysis
The technique of identifying early and late start dates, as
well as early and late finish dates, for the uncompleted
portions of project schedule activities. See also backward
pass, critical path method, critical chain method, and
resource leveling
Scheduling Tool
A tool that provides schedule component names,
definitions, structural relationships, and formats that
support the application of a scheduling method
Seven Basic Quality Tools
A standard toolkit used by quality management
professionals who are responsible for planning,
monitoring, and controlling the issues related to quality in
an organization
Source Selection Criteria
A set of attributes desired by the buyer which a seller is
required to meet or exceed to be selected for a contract
Stakeholder Analysis
A technique of systematically gathering and analyzing
quantitative and qualitative information to determine
whose interests should be taken into account throughout
the project

30. Statistical Sampling Choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.
SWOT Analysis
Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats of an organization, project, or option
Three-Point Estimate
A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying
an average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely
estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual
activity estimates
To-Complete Performance Index
(TCPI)
A measure of the cost performance that is required to be
achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a
specified management goal, expressed as the ratio of the
cost to finish the outstanding work to the remaining
budget
Trend Analysis
An analytical technique that uses mathematical models
to forecast future outcomes based on historical results.
It is a method of determining the variance from a baseline
of a budget, cost, schedule, or scope parameter by using
prior progress reporting periods’ data and projecting how
much that parameter’s variance from baseline might be at
some future point in the project if no changes are made in
executing the project
Variance Analysis
A technique for determining the cause and degree of
difference between the baseline and actual performance