Defining and assessing test reliability and validity
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Reliability refers to the consistency of a test in measuring the intended construct. A test-retest method is used to determine reliability by administering the same test twice to students and computing a rank correlation coefficient, such as the Spearman Rho, based on comparing the rank orders of student scores between the two test administrations. The example shows student scores from an initial (FA) and subsequent (SA) administration of a test, with their ranks and the differences between ranks used to calculate the standard deviation.
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Similar to Defining and assessing test reliability and validity
Reliability and validity
Test validity refers to validating the appropriate use of a test score for a specific context or purpose. Validity is determined by studying test results in the intended setting of use, as a test may be suitable for one purpose but not another. Validity is a matter of degree rather than an absolute quality, and establishing validity requires empirical evidence and theoretical justification that the intended inferences from test scores are adequate and appropriate.
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3) There are different ways to measure validity and reliability including calculating correlation coefficients and using formulas like Pearson product-moment correlation, Kuder-Richardson, Cronbach's alpha, and point biserial correlation.
Test-Retest-Reliabilty-Presentation.pptx
The presentation discusses test-retest reliability, which measures the stability of scores over time. It is assessed by administering the same test to participants on two occasions and calculating the correlation between the scores. A high positive correlation indicates the test is reliable. Potential biases like practice effects are addressed. An example calculation demonstrates how to compute the Pearson correlation coefficient r between test-retest scores. An interpretation is given based on the r value. The presentation concludes with notes on important considerations like timing between tests.
Four Methods in testing reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency of measurement and the ability to produce similar results under consistent conditions. There are several methods to test reliability, including test-retest, parallel forms, split-half, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability. Statistical analysis such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha are used to determine the reliability of a measurement tool. A reliability coefficient closer to 1 indicates a strong relationship between variables being measured.
Test standardization
Standardized tests are designed and administered consistently to allow for comparison of student performance. Tests are given to a sample group to determine average scores and the spread of scores. This establishes norms that individual students can be compared to. There are two main types of standardized tests - norm-referenced tests which compare students to peers, and criterion-referenced tests which assess knowledge of a defined subject area. Tests go through a process of development that includes trying out drafts, analyzing results, revising weak questions, and further testing to establish reliability and validity.
AIOU Code 697 Assessment in Science Education Solved Assignment 1.pptx
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AIOU Code 697 Assessment in Science Education Solved Assignment 1.pdf
Skilling Foundation
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0314-4646739
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Sd,t test
Standard deviation (SD) is a measure of variability or dispersion of data from the mean. It is calculated as the square root of the average of the squared deviations from the mean. The t-test is used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the means of two groups, and requires calculation of the standard error of the difference between the means. There are different procedures for the t-test depending on whether the samples are independent or correlated, large or small. The null hypothesis of no difference between means is tested against the alternative hypothesis at a chosen significance level.
Practical Language Testing by Fulcher (2010)
This document discusses key concepts in language testing and standardized tests. It covers two testing paradigms: norm-referenced testing which compares test takers to a group, and criterion-referenced testing which evaluates if a criterion is met. The document also defines standardized tests, explores why testing is viewed as a science, and examines concepts like central tendency, dispersion, reliability, and ways to calculate reliability such as using correlations and item analysis.
Measures of variability to grading and reporting
The document discusses various measures of variability and statistical analysis that can be used to analyze data, including range, standard deviation, z-scores, quartile deviation, and correlation. It also provides examples of how to calculate these measures, such as calculating the range by subtracting the lowest score from the highest, and how to interpret the results, like higher standard deviation indicating more variation in the data. The document also covers topics like grades, grading systems, and guidelines for effective grading.
Nature of Interpretation: Norm referenced, Criterion referenced
The document discusses criterion-referenced assessment and norm-referenced assessment. Criterion-referenced assessment measures student learning against a predetermined standard or level of achievement, regardless of other students' performance. Norm-referenced assessment compares a student's performance to others in the same testing group. It is used to rank students but does not indicate if they achieved a set standard. The document outlines the key differences between the two types of assessment and their respective purposes.
Reliability
Reliability is a key concept in testing and assessment. It refers to the consistency or stability of test scores - whether a test would produce similar results if administered multiple times to the same group. There are two main types of reliability - test-retest reliability, which administers the same test to a group at different times, and parallel forms reliability, which uses two equivalent but different versions of a test. Reliability is calculated using correlation coefficients, with higher positive coefficients indicating greater reliability. A test with a correlation of 0.7 or higher between initial and later administrations would be considered sufficiently reliable to use for assessment purposes. Ensuring reliability requires evaluating questions through pilot tests and recalibrating any unreliable questions through revision and
Lesson 4 analysis of test results
The document discusses methods for establishing the validity and reliability of assessment tools, including correlation coefficients, levels of measurement, reliability measures like test-retest reliability and internal consistency, and validity measures like content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity. It also covers item analysis methods like calculating item difficulty and discrimination indices. The overall aim is to evaluate how well an assessment tool measures what it intends to measure and produces consistent results.
Louzel Report - Reliability & validity
The document discusses reliability and validity in research tools. It defines reliability as consistency of data collection and validity as measuring what is intended. It discusses different types of reliability - stability over time, equivalence of alternate forms, and internal consistency. It also discusses different types of validity - content, criterion, and construct validity. Factors like threats to groups, regression, time, and respondents' history can affect validity. Reliability ensures consistency while validity determines accuracy of what is measured.
Assessment compiled
The document discusses various methods for organizing and analyzing test score data, including:
1) Organizing scores in ascending or descending order. Ranking scores from highest to lowest.
2) Creating a stem-and-leaf plot to separate scores into "stems" and "leaves".
3) Calculating measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and using frequency distributions to analyze grouped score data.
Relibility
This document discusses methods for evaluating the reliability and objectivity of measurement tools and techniques. It describes test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation to measure consistency between repeated tests. It also discusses split-half reliability and Cronbach's alpha for evaluating reliability with a single test administration. Methods for evaluating objectivity include calculating inter-rater reliability and percent agreement between raters. Reliability and objectivity suggest a measurement may be valid but do not establish validity on their own.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Defining and assessing test reliability and validity
- 2. RELIABILITY refers to the consistency of a test in measuring whatever it measures. It is the degree to which a test will yield similar or comparable results for the same students when administered at different times. This is usually measured through the computation of a reliability coefficient.
- 3. TEST – RETEST METHOD Test reliability is determined from the repetition of the same test. Thus, a test is administered twice. Scores obtained by the students in both test administration are rank ordered and a rank correlation coefficient is obtained with the use of Spearman Rho.
- 4. STUDENT SCORES – FA SCORES - SA 1 33 29 2 28 26 3 44 42 4 36 30 5 26 28 6 35 35 7 42 39 8 40 41 9 20 20 10 28 28
- 5. Ss-FA X Ss-SA Y RANK X RANK Y D D 33 29 6 7 1 1 28 26 7.5 10 -2.5 6.25 44 42 1 1 0 0 36 30 4 6 -2 4 26 28 9 8.5 0.5 0.25 35 35 5 5 0 0 42 39 2 4 -2 4 20 40 10 3 7 49 28 28 7.5 8.5 -1 1 SD2 = 62.5