Deficiency in millets
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The document describes nutrient deficiency symptoms and correction measures for various crops including maize, pearl millet, sorghum, and finger millet. It details symptoms such as chlorosis, necrosis, and stunted growth that occur from deficiencies in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, iron, copper, manganese, and zinc. Correction measures include foliar sprays of urea, DAP, potassium chloride, and other nutrients or soil applications of fertilizers to remedy deficiencies.
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Deficiency in millets
- 2. Maize Nitrogen Deficiency Symptoms • Chlorosis occurs in older leaves • Appearance of golden yellow colour near the tips • Margins progresses both side. Correction Measure • Foliar spray of 0.5% urea (5 g /lit) for twice at 10 days interval.
- 3. Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms Stunted plant growth and occurrence of pink Pigmentation in the older leaves. Correction Measure Foliar spray of DAP 2%. Potassium Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency occurs in older leaves. Irregular necrotic patterns intermingled with red pigmentation. Streaked patterns on the interveinal tissue symptoms at tips and margins move towards the base. Correction Measure Foliar spray of KCl 1%
- 4. Calcium Deficiency Symptoms Young leaf tips stick together form sword-like projections. Serrated leaf edges, leaves brittle, brown, sticky near margins and turn brown. Correction Measure Foliar application of CaSO4 2% twice Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appear first on older leaves, irregular necrotic spots on tips and margins, leaves become brittle and turn brown. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MgSO4 2%.
- 5. Sulphur Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears in upper leaves and emerging leaves appear as pale yellow. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MgSO4@1% Boron Deficiency Symptoms Apical growing points stop developing leaves thick brittle and irregular chlorosis. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Borax 0.5 % at fortnightly intervals.
- 6. Iron Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in newly emerging leaves. Interveinal tissue turns pale yellow with green veins chlorotic pattern uniformly leaves turn yellow or white. The entire crop show bleached appearance. Correction Measure Soil application of 20-25 Kg FeSO4 or foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 at weekly interval Copper Deficiency Symptoms Younger leaf tips turn brown roll up and break Correction Measure Foliar spray of CuSO4 @ 0.2%.
- 7. Manganese Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in younger leaves. Leaves pale colour in a streaked pattern and long narrow lesions on leaves. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MnSO4@2% Zinc Deficiency Symptoms Emerging leaves uniformly pale green. Chlorosis staring at the base progressive toward the tip. Margins with distinct red line. Bleached white patches on the leaves. Correction Measure Soil application of ZnSO4 20-25 Kg/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.5%
- 8. Pearl millet - Cumbu Nitrogen Deficiency Symptoms Stunted plant growth, spindly pale yellow or deep yellow colour near the tips and margins progresses toward the base. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Urea 1% or DAP 2% Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms Grain filling inhibited. Stunted growth, spindly, dark green leaves with dark red coloration. Leave appear to be erect and leathery. Correction Measure Foliar spray of DAP 2% 2-3 sprays
- 9. Potassium Deficiency Symptoms Symptoms first seen in older leaves. Irregular necrotic patterns intermingled with red pigmentation. Streaked patterns on the interveinal tissue symptoms at tips and margins move towards the base. Correction Measure Foliar spray of KCl 1% Calcium Deficiency Symptoms Plants stunted. Young leaf tips stick together form sword-like projections. Serrated leaf edges, leaves brittle, brown, sticky near margins and turn brown. Correction Measure Foliar application of CaSO4 2% twice.
- 10. Sulphur Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears in upper leaves. Emerging leaves pale yellow in colour. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CaSO4 2% Boron Deficiency Symptoms Apical growing points stop developing leaves thick brittle and irregular chlorosis. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Borax 0.5 % at fortnightly intervals
- 11. Iron Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in newly emerging leaves. Interveinal tissue turns pale yellow with green veins chlorotic pattern uniformly leaves turn yellow or white. Newly formed leaves exhibit chlorotic symptoms. Correction Measure Soil application of 20-25 Kg FeSO4 or foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 at weekly interval. Copper Deficiency Symptoms Younger leaf tips turn brown roll up and break. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CuSO4 0.2%
- 12. Zinc Deficiency Symptoms Deficiencies first in the younger leaves. Emerging leaves uniformly pale green. Chlorosis staring at the base progressive toward the tip. Bleached white patches on the leaves. Older leaves have yellow streaks or chlorotic striping between veins. Correction Measure Soil application of ZnSO4 20-25 Kg/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.5%
- 13. Sorghum Nitrogen Deficiency Symptoms Plants stunted, spindly pale yellow or deep yellow color near the tips and margins progresses toward the base heads small seed numbers reduced. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Urea 1% or DAP 2%.
- 14. Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms Small root systems; grain filling inhibited. Growth stunted, spindly, dark green leaves with dark red coloration. Leaf sheaths bend upward with red coloration leaf. Leave appear to be erect and leathery. Roots turn dark brown purple or black. Correction Measure Foliar spray of DAP 2% 2-3 sprays Potassium Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency first seen on older leaves. Irregular necrotic patterns intermingled with red pigmentation. Streaked patterns on the interveinal tissue symptoms at tips and margins move towards the base. Correction Measure Foliar spray of KCl 1%
- 15. Calcium Deficiency Symptoms Plants stunted. Young leaf tips stick together form sword-like projections. Serrated leaf edges, leaves brittle, brown, sticky near margins and turn brown. Correction Measure Foliar application of CaSO4 2% twice Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appear first on older leaves irregular necrotic spots on tips and margins deep red colour on leaves become brittle, turn brown Correction Measure Foliar spray of MgSO4 2%
- 16. Sulphur Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears in upper leaves. Emerging leaves pale yellow. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CaSO4 2% Boron Deficiency Symptoms Apical growing points stop developing leaves thick brittle and irregular chlorosis. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Borax 0.5 % at fortnightly intervals
- 17. Copper Deficiency Symptoms Younger leaf tips turn brown roll up and break. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CuSO4 0.2% Iron Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in newly emerging leaves. Interveinal tissue turns pale yellow with green veins chlorotic pattern uniformly leaves turn yellow or white. Correction Measure Soil application of 20-25 Kg FeSO4 or foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 at weekly interval
- 18. Manganese Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in younger leaves. Leaves pale colour in a streaked pattern and long narrow lesions on leaves. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MnSO4 0.2% Zinc Deficiency Symptoms Deficiencies first in the younger leaves. Emerging leaves uniformly pale green. Margins with distinct red line. Bleached white patches on the leaves. Correction Measure Soil application of ZnSO4 20-25 Kg/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.5%
- 19. Nitrogen Deficiency symptoms Older leaves become light green and chlorotic at the tip. Leaves die under severe stress. The entire field may appear yellowish and stunted growth of plants Nitrogen deficiency often occurs at critical growth stages such as tillering and panicle initiation, when the demand for N is large. Correction measures Urea 2% foliar spray at 40 and 50 days after sowing increased the grain yield of Ragi Finger millet
- 20. Phosphorus Deficiency symptoms It occurs throughout the growth cycle of the crop. In the initial stages, red or purple discoloration appear on the leaves. In severe cases, the plants shows stunting, reduced tillering, poor root development and early flowering. Correction measures Application of Farm yard manure @ 12.5 ton/ha Apply optimum dose of phosphatic fertilizers ( 30 to 40 Kg/ha) at the time of sowing Potassium Deficiency symptoms First appear as pale to lemon-yellow margins on older leaves. Browning followed by necrosis of leaf margins denotes an increase in severity of the deficiency Correction measures Foliar spray of Poatssium chloride 1%
- 21. Calcium Deficiency symptoms Necrosis along the lateral margins of leaves Old leaves turn brown and die Stunting and death of growing points Corrective Measures Apply CaCl2 or Ca containing foliar sprays for rapid treatment of severe Ca deficiency. Apply gypsum in Ca-deficient high pH soils, e.g., on sodic & high K soils. Magnesium Deficiency symptoms The Mg-deficient leaves show advanced interveinal chlorosis, with necrosis developing in the highly chlorotic tissue Corrective Measures Application of soluble Magnesium source such as Magnesium chloride. Foliar application of Mgcl2 @ 2%
- 22. Sulphur Deficiency symptoms Yellowing or pale green whole plant Young leaves chlorotic or light green coloured with the tips becoming necrotic Correction measures Incorporate straw instead of completely removing or burning it. About 40-60% of the S contained in straw is lost during burning Applying 15-20 kg S ha-1 gives a residual effect for two subsequent ragi crops Zinc Deficiency Symptoms Stunted growth of plants. Younger leaves become chlorotic Correction measures Application of Zinc sulphate at the rate of 20-25 Kg/ha before sowing or transplanting Foliar spray of Zinc sulphate at tillering stage.