decision making process
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The document outlines a six part process for decision making: 1) identify the problem, 2) develop alternatives solutions, 3) evaluate each alternative through a cost-benefit analysis, 4) select the best alternative, 5) implement the selected alternative, and 6) provide feedback on the outcome. Key steps include properly identifying the real problem, creatively generating multiple alternative solutions, thoroughly analyzing each alternative, and ensuring effective implementation of the chosen alternative to solve the problem.
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The document discusses decision making and provides details on:
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- The five step decision making process of defining the problem, clarifying objectives, identifying alternatives, analyzing consequences, and making a choice.
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- The use of decision matrices and tools like brainstorming to aid the decision making process.
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The document discusses various aspects of decision making including:
1. The decision making process involves 7 stages - identifying the problem, criteria, alternatives, analysis, selection, implementation and evaluation.
2. There are different models of decision making like the rational model which uses optimization and bounded rationality which uses satisficing.
3. Decision styles can be reflexive, reflective or consistent. The consistent style balances rushing and wasting time.
4. Key steps in organizational decision making involve outlining goals, gathering data, brainstorming alternatives, analyzing pros and cons, making the decision, taking action and learning from the process.
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The document then discusses implementing, monitoring, and different types of decisions like programmed versus non-programmed, and reversible versus irreversible decisions.
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Here are some suggestions to make sample tests more useful:
1. Ensure tasks are aligned with course objectives and real-world language use. This improves construct validity.
2. Pilot tests with a small sample to check reliability, practicality and receive feedback. Revise unclear/flawed items.
3. When possible, incorporate interactive elements that require productive skills like discussions or role-plays. This increases authenticity.
4. Balance question types (e.g. multiple choice, short answer, essay) to accommodate different learner strengths. Too much of one type reduces practicality.
5. Provide clear scoring criteria and train raters to ensure consistency. Reliability impacts test usefulness.
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This document discusses decision making, including defining it as selecting the most desirable alternative to solve a problem. It describes characteristics of decision making such as having alternatives, being goal-oriented, and involving judgment. It also outlines types of decisions like programmed vs non-programmed and strategic vs tactical. Additionally, it details the rational decision making model as a 6 step process including defining the problem, identifying criteria, evaluating alternatives, and selecting an optimal decision. Finally, it discusses decision making under conditions of certainty, uncertainty, and risk.
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The document discusses decision making and provides information on key concepts related to the decision making process. It defines what a decision is, the different types of decisions (programmed vs non-programmed), elements of the decision making situation, conditions like risk and uncertainty, and the rational decision making process. It also covers tools that can be used, including probability theory, decision trees, and concepts like expected value. The overall document serves to outline the fundamental concepts involved in decision making.
Decision Making In Business
This document outlines the decision making process for a business class. It defines decision making and discusses the role of managers. It also describes the 5 steps of the decision making process: 1) identify the problem, 2) generate alternatives, 3) choose an action, 4) implement, 5) evaluate. Finally, it discusses types of decisions, problem solving styles, and the business environment for decision making.
Decision Making Process
The 6 step decision making process involves: 1) identifying the problem, 2) diagnosing the problem through analysis from different perspectives, 3) discovering alternative courses of action through research and creativity, 4) evaluating alternatives by considering advantages and disadvantages, 5) selecting the best alternative, and 6) implementing and following up on the decision through evaluation of results.
6 steps decision making model
The document summarizes different aspects of decision making including rational models, how decisions are actually made, organizational constraints, and ethics. It discusses how rational models assume complete information and optimization but real decisions involve bounded rationality where people satisfice. Decisions are influenced by heuristics, biases, and the need to appear competent. Organizations further constrain decisions through evaluation and reward systems, time pressures, and historical precedents. Ethics in decision making can focus on utilitarianism, rights, or justice but each approach has tradeoffs for productivity and individual interests.
DECISION MAKING
This document discusses various aspects of decision making. It defines decision making as selecting a course of action from alternatives. There are four stages of group decision making: orientation, conflict, emergence, and reinforcement. Decision making can be routine, innovative, or based on rules, rational thought, or strategy. Factors like experience and conflicts can influence decision making. Principles, tools, and models are presented to improve decision making processes. A SWOT analysis and cost-benefit analysis are techniques that can help with decision making and goal setting. Common mistakes and dangers of delayed decision making are also reviewed.
Decision Making
Decision Making
Subject:- Nursing Management
Final year M.Sc. And Final Year B.Sc.
Nursing Administration
Decision making
This document discusses various models and techniques for decision making. It describes 10 decision making models: 1) Normative model 2) Descriptive model 3) Decision tree model 4) Strategic model 5) Nursing process model 6) Intuitive decision making model 7) Econological model 8) Moral model 9) Ethical decision making model 10) Problem solving model. Each model outlines a different approach and key steps in the decision making process. The document also covers types of decisions, characteristics, stages, principles, qualities of managers, and techniques or bases for decision making.
Decision making class
The document discusses the key steps in the decision making process: [1] identifying the problem and criteria for evaluating alternatives, [2] developing and analyzing potential alternatives, and [3] selecting, implementing, and evaluating the alternative chosen to resolve the problem. It covers identifying structured vs. unstructured problems, programmed vs. non-programmed decisions, and models of rational vs. intuitive decision making. The document also discusses different decision making styles and criteria that may be weighted to analyze alternatives.
A group decision making - copy
The document discusses decision making, including defining it as choosing between alternatives. It outlines the steps in decision making as identifying the problem, criteria, alternatives, choosing one, and evaluating. It also discusses factors that affect decision making like inadequate information, time constraints, and the decision maker's experience and values. Group decision making can benefit from more perspectives but is slower, and individual decisions may be quicker but narrower in perspective. Modern approaches to problem solving include brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi technique.
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EFFECTIVE BUSINESS DECISION MAKING CONCEPTS AND PROCESS
EFFECTIVE BUSINESS DECISION MAKING CONCEPTS AND PROCESS
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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decision making process
- 2. THERE IS SIX PART IN DECISION MAKING PROCESS 1. Identification of problem 2. Development of alternatives 3. Evaluation of each alternative 4. Selection of best alternative. 5. Implementation of selected alternative 6. Feedback.
- 3. 1)IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM • Decisions are made to solve particular problem. The quality of decision is dependent on proper identification of problem. Hence, sufficient care should be taken in identifying a particular problem because sometimes a problem may be apparent and not a real one. 2)Development of alternatives • There can be more than one solution of one problem. After identifying problem, several alternatives should be developed to resolve the problem. It is a creative and generic exercise. The basket of alternative solution can be developed through divergent fluency of thinking and innovative ideas.
- 4. 3)EVALUATION OF EACH ALTERNATIVE AND SELECTION OF BEST ALTERNATIVE • Here cost-benefit analysis of all the alternatives has to be done. For every alternative qualitative and quantitative cost and benefit are considered. On basis of this the best alternative is selected having minimum cost and maximum benefit. This is done through comparative analysis. Sufficient analysis is done before arriving at selection of final alternative because a decision once taken cannot be reversed.
- 5. 4)IMPLEMENTATION OF SELECTED ALTERNATIVE • The implementation of chosen alternative is made in such a way which results into problem solution. Effectiveness of implementation is dependent on factors like quality of decision, cost of decision, resources required and behaviour of persons who are guiding forces in decision process.
Editor's Notes
- Find the line of selection of best alternative.