The document provides instructions for transplanting a tree, including digging a trench around the tree's drip line and separating the roots from the soil while preserving smaller roots. The root ball should be wrapped if transporting the tree over a long distance before placing it in a new hole and stabilizing it with ropes if needed. Proper watering is verified by checking the soil moisture a few inches down next to the tree.
Cacao varieties and its climatic requirementsAussie Calibo
The document discusses cacao varieties and their climatic requirements. It begins with the origin and history of cacao, noting it is indigenous to South America. It then describes the three main cacao varieties - Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario - and their characteristics. The document also provides details on cacao morphology, recommended varieties for the Philippines, hybrid breeding programs, and the ideal climatic conditions for cacao cultivation.
This document discusses the origins and development of cocoa cultivation in Malaysia over three phases from the 1880s to present day. It began as an experimental crop but expanded in the mid-20th century due to government policies promoting economic diversification. Cocoa cultivation increased further in the late 1960s and 1970s in response to high prices and development plans to involve smallholders and address poverty. The document also provides details on the cocoa tree and environmental requirements for cultivation.
The document provides information on transplanting trees, including its history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses how trees have been transplanted since ancient times and describes the development of modern tree transplanting techniques and machinery. The traditional manual method and machine method using a tree spade are described in detail, outlining the steps for digging, transporting, planting, and caring for a transplanted tree. Proper soil preparation, planting depth, staking, and watering are emphasized to reduce transplant stress and ensure the tree's successful establishment.
This document provides information on vermicomposting and phosphocomposting. It begins by defining vermicompost as compost produced through the metabolic activities of earthworms. It then discusses various earthworm species suitable for vermicomposting, including Eisenia fetida and Perionyx excavatus. The document outlines the vermicomposting process and describes the characteristics of good quality vermicompost. It also notes the benefits of vermicompost for soil and plant health. The document concludes by defining phosphocompost as compost prepared by adding rock phosphate and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms to organic wastes to solubilize phosphorus from the rock phosphate during decomposition.
This document discusses roof gardens, including their history and benefits. Some key points:
- Roof gardens provide environmental, social, and economic benefits beyond aesthetics, including food production, temperature regulation, wildlife habitats, and recreation.
- The earliest known roof gardens date back thousands of years to Mesopotamian stepped pyramids and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon around 500 BC. In later eras, roof gardens were used in Christian architecture and by wealthy families.
- Modern roof gardens can significantly cool indoor and roof temperatures through evapotranspiration and shading from plant cover. Proper planning, waterproofing, drainage, and soil installation is required to support plant life on rooftops
This document provides information on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), including its botanical classification, origin and distribution, morphology, nutritional composition, uses, medicinal value, and cultivation. It is a dioecious vine native to India that is widely grown for its nutrient-rich fruits and leaves used as vegetables. The document outlines the plant's botanical taxonomy and describes its morphological features. It also provides a detailed breakdown of the nutritional composition and medicinal properties of different parts of the plant based on various studies.
Passive design strategies use ambient energy sources instead of purchased energy. Microclimates are affected by topography, soil, water, vegetation, and artificial structures. The macroclimate of a larger region influences building design, while microclimates are more localized climates impacted by a building's site conditions. Factors like land form, water bodies, and vegetation type and patterns can impact microclimates and should be considered in building design.
The document provides instructions for transplanting a tree, including digging a trench around the tree's drip line and separating the roots from the soil while preserving smaller roots. The root ball should be wrapped if transporting the tree over a long distance before placing it in a new hole and stabilizing it with ropes if needed. Proper watering is verified by checking the soil moisture a few inches down next to the tree.
Cacao varieties and its climatic requirementsAussie Calibo
The document discusses cacao varieties and their climatic requirements. It begins with the origin and history of cacao, noting it is indigenous to South America. It then describes the three main cacao varieties - Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario - and their characteristics. The document also provides details on cacao morphology, recommended varieties for the Philippines, hybrid breeding programs, and the ideal climatic conditions for cacao cultivation.
This document discusses the origins and development of cocoa cultivation in Malaysia over three phases from the 1880s to present day. It began as an experimental crop but expanded in the mid-20th century due to government policies promoting economic diversification. Cocoa cultivation increased further in the late 1960s and 1970s in response to high prices and development plans to involve smallholders and address poverty. The document also provides details on the cocoa tree and environmental requirements for cultivation.
The document provides information on transplanting trees, including its history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses how trees have been transplanted since ancient times and describes the development of modern tree transplanting techniques and machinery. The traditional manual method and machine method using a tree spade are described in detail, outlining the steps for digging, transporting, planting, and caring for a transplanted tree. Proper soil preparation, planting depth, staking, and watering are emphasized to reduce transplant stress and ensure the tree's successful establishment.
This document provides information on vermicomposting and phosphocomposting. It begins by defining vermicompost as compost produced through the metabolic activities of earthworms. It then discusses various earthworm species suitable for vermicomposting, including Eisenia fetida and Perionyx excavatus. The document outlines the vermicomposting process and describes the characteristics of good quality vermicompost. It also notes the benefits of vermicompost for soil and plant health. The document concludes by defining phosphocompost as compost prepared by adding rock phosphate and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms to organic wastes to solubilize phosphorus from the rock phosphate during decomposition.
This document discusses roof gardens, including their history and benefits. Some key points:
- Roof gardens provide environmental, social, and economic benefits beyond aesthetics, including food production, temperature regulation, wildlife habitats, and recreation.
- The earliest known roof gardens date back thousands of years to Mesopotamian stepped pyramids and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon around 500 BC. In later eras, roof gardens were used in Christian architecture and by wealthy families.
- Modern roof gardens can significantly cool indoor and roof temperatures through evapotranspiration and shading from plant cover. Proper planning, waterproofing, drainage, and soil installation is required to support plant life on rooftops
This document provides information on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), including its botanical classification, origin and distribution, morphology, nutritional composition, uses, medicinal value, and cultivation. It is a dioecious vine native to India that is widely grown for its nutrient-rich fruits and leaves used as vegetables. The document outlines the plant's botanical taxonomy and describes its morphological features. It also provides a detailed breakdown of the nutritional composition and medicinal properties of different parts of the plant based on various studies.
Passive design strategies use ambient energy sources instead of purchased energy. Microclimates are affected by topography, soil, water, vegetation, and artificial structures. The macroclimate of a larger region influences building design, while microclimates are more localized climates impacted by a building's site conditions. Factors like land form, water bodies, and vegetation type and patterns can impact microclimates and should be considered in building design.
This document discusses types of roof gardens and considerations for creating one. It describes shallow, medium, and deep roof garden systems categorized by growth media depth and plant types. Key factors discussed include load capacity of the roof, drainage, maintenance access, choosing suitable plants for the sun/wind conditions, soil depth requirements, water availability, and other features like composting and seating areas. Load calculations and cross sections are provided.
Organic waste is produced wherever humans live and its management is important. In developed countries, most organic waste ends up in landfills, but this causes issues like methane emissions. Some is composted. In developing countries, organic waste is often reused through activities like collecting for animal feed or composting. Common organic wastes include food scraps, yard waste, human and animal waste. Key methods for reuse include composting, anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, and feeding to animals. Composting turns waste into fertilizer while digestion creates renewable energy and fertilizer.
engineering practices for soil conservationUsman Khawaja
The mechanical soil conservation practices aim to reduce runoff velocity, retain water in soil, and prevent erosion. These include techniques like basin leaching, pan breaking, subsoiling, and contour terracing to improve water absorption. Contour terracing involves constructing terraces, ridges, or channels along contours to slow runoff and retain water in soil. Additional methods are gully control, pond construction, and stream bank protection.
Mechanization of post harvest operations in horticultural cropsRamabhau Patil
This document discusses various technologies related to post-harvest operations in horticultural crops. It begins by providing context on agriculture and horticulture production and post-harvest losses in India. It then describes the benefits of agro-processing in production areas and lists the main unit operations in post-harvest management. The document proceeds to describe several specific post-harvest technologies and machinery, including bunch covers for bananas, tools for safe harvesting, grading and sorting equipment, pre-cooling, storage structures, and machinery for processing fruits and vegetables into products like juices, pulps, and dried or value-added items. It concludes by discussing some packaging technologies that can extend the shelf life of horticultural crops.
PRACTICAL AND DESIGN ASPECTS OF TERRACING (2)-4.pptxsiddhantshukla53
The document provides information on terrace design and construction. It discusses different types of terraces including broad base terraces, bench terraces, and graded terraces. It covers topics such as terrace layout, survey procedures, design considerations including determining terrace width, spacing, cross-section, and construction steps. Equations for calculating vertical interval, depth of cut, and cross-sectional area are presented. Terrace maintenance including repairing breaks and controlling sediment deposition is also summarized.
Xeriscape: the Seven Principles of Landscape Water Conservation - City of Le...Simm846q
The document discusses the principles of xeriscaping, which is a set of landscape design principles focused on water conservation. The 7 principles are: 1) Plan and design, 2) Improve soil, 3) Use drought-tolerant vegetation, 4) Limit turf areas, 5) Use efficient irrigation, 6) Apply mulch, and 7) Practice low-maintenance care. Xeriscaping can reduce water usage, save time and money, and showcase native plants that naturally grow in the prairies.
Pruning cycle is one of the most important
operations in tea with a primary objective to replace the old set
of maintenance foliage by a fresh one, so that tea bushes
remain healthy and continue to provide succulent shoots to
manufacture quality tea. An investigation was initiated in
Experimental Farm, Darjeeling Tea Research and
Development Centre, Kurseong, Dist. Darjeeling at 1347 m
a.m.s.l on old chinary tea bushes to evaluate the suitability of
pruning cycles of varying durations and pruning skiffing
sequence on yield and crop distribution. Shoot extension rate,
active and banjhi shoot (shoots with restricted growth), net
photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, leaf area distribution
and tea yield were measured. Active shoot density decreased
with age, with the corresponding increase in banjhi shoot
density. Net photosynthetic rate and leaf water potential were
highest during the first year and then decreased subsequently
in all pruning cycles. Leaf area index (LAI) increased up to 3rd
year in 4 and 5 year pruning cycles after pruning and reduced
thereafter. The maximum yield was observed in 5 year pruning
cycle in 3rd year after pruning and then reduced with pruning
age. The yield of all pruning cycle were lowest in first year
after pruning which may be attributed to small bushes with
few branches and lower LAI. The maximum yield was also
observed when pruned in December followed by November
which may be due to maximum accumulation of root starch in
December.
Gerbera is important commercial cut flower crop, and Gerbera flowers have a wide range of colors including yellow, orange, cream-white, pink, brick red, red color, terracotta and various other intermediate colors. Sometimes in double varieties, bicolour flowers are beautiful; Gerbera flower stalks are long, thin and leafy.
The document discusses Prosopis Juliflora, a tree species that grows in drylands around the world. It provides both benefits and challenges. It can improve soils and is an important source of fuelwood, but it also spreads rapidly and depletes water resources if not properly managed. The document proposes using charcoal produced from Prosopis trees to reclaim degraded alkaline soils, increasing agricultural yields.
A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown until they are ready to be planted elsewhere. There are different types of nurseries depending on factors like the planting material used, irrigation needs, and intended duration. Permanent nurseries are maintained long-term to meet regeneration needs, while temporary nurseries are set up as needed. Nurseries can help with artificial regeneration on degraded sites by providing healthy seedlings adapted to local conditions. They allow for commercial production and introduction of exotic species that do not establish well directly from seed.
This document provides an overview of surveying. It defines surveying as determining the relative positions of objects on Earth's surface by measuring horizontal and vertical distances. There are two main types of surveying: plane surveying, which ignores Earth's curvature over small areas, and geodetic surveying, which accounts for curvature over large areas (>250 km2). Common surveying equipment includes chains, tapes, ranging rods, and arrows/pins for marking points. Surveying is used to create maps for various purposes such as topography, property boundaries, engineering projects, and more. Chain surveying is the simplest method and involves taking measurements in the field and completing office work like plotting and calculations.
This document provides guidance on selecting, planting, and establishing trees. It discusses choosing the right species by considering the site conditions like light, soil, moisture, and pests. Proper nursery stock should be inspected for quality. Trees are planted according to their type, ensuring the root flare is at grade level. Backfilling, staking if needed, mulching, and regular watering are important aftercare steps to ensure new trees become established. Ongoing maintenance like pruning and protection from lawnmowers is also discussed. The goal is selecting trees well-suited to the site conditions and providing proper aftercare so they grow healthy and thrive in the landscape.
This document summarizes the characteristics of two tree species: Cassia siamea and Cinnamomum camphora. Cassia siamea is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka, India, and Indonesia that grows up to 18 meters tall. It has yellow flowers and grows in tropical climates. It is used as fuelwood, timber, fodder, and food. Cinnamomum camphora is native to China, Japan, and Taiwan. It has leathery leaves and small white or green flowers. It is used for timber, medicine, and ornamentation. Both species have tap root systems and Cassia siamea freely coppices and produces root suckers while
Methods of storage for local market and export – Traditional and Improved sto...pavanknaik
This document discusses various traditional and improved methods for storing horticultural crops. Traditional methods include in situ storage, sand or coir storage, bulk storage of dried crops, and clamp storage. Improved methods include cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, modified atmosphere storage, solar-driven cold stores, low pressure storage, and jacketed storages. Proper storage helps extend the availability of seasonal crops, reduces post-harvest losses, and maintains quality for consumers. Key factors that affect storage life include temperature, humidity, maturity, and handling practices.
This document discusses various agronomic measures for soil conservation. It defines contour cultivation as conducting agricultural activities like plowing and sowing across the slope of the land. This reduces soil and water loss by interrupting runoff. Choice of crops and cropping systems can also impact soil conservation, with close-growing crops providing better protection than row crops. Other agronomic measures discussed include strip cropping, cover crops, mulching, and applying manures/fertilizers. Mechanical measures to conserve soil include contour bunding, graded bunding, bench terracing, and vegetative barriers.
This document provides instructions and guidelines for small batch composting using enclosed compost bins. It defines compost and explains why composting is beneficial. It discusses key factors for effective composting such as achieving the proper carbon to nitrogen ratio, maintaining appropriate moisture levels and aerating the compost to introduce oxygen. Specific instructions are provided on assembling composting recipes using a variety of organic materials and maintaining proper conditions for microorganisms to break down the materials into finished compost.
Sweet orange Physiological Disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS TraineeMr.Allah Dad Khan
Sweet Orange trees experience three main stages of fruit drop: post-set drop after fruitset, June drop during hot summer weather, and preharvest drop during ripening. Factors that can cause fruit drop include high or low soil moisture, nutrient deficiencies like zinc and phosphorus, and fungal diseases. Applying a combination of 2,4-D and aureofungin in early September helps prevent preharvest fruit drop.
Granulation is a serious issue for citrus in North India, where the stem end of fruits hardens and dries out. Affected fruits are enlarged, gray in color, and have a granular texture. Factors associated with granulation include excessive growth, rootstock variety, frequent irrigation,
The document discusses post-harvest management of maize in India. It notes that close to 30% of maize crops are lost due to inefficient post-harvest management practices. The losses occur primarily due to improper drying and storage techniques as well as poor handling. Effective post-harvest management requires lowering moisture content through appropriate drying, using good quality storage infrastructure, and providing a comprehensive set of value-added services under one system, including processing, price discovery tools, and preparing for bulk handling techniques and infrastructure. SSLL aims to bridge gaps in post-harvest management through its network of agri-logistics parks that offer drying, storage, testing, financing, processing, trading and other services.
Sebeta National Fishery Research Center is one of the Federal Research Centers being managed by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. The center is responsible in coordinating national researches on the area of fishery and aquatic life in the country.
Agricultural and Nutritional Research Laboratories of the institute (EIAR) has established the team in the center during 2014 employing three researchers on the areas of chemistry, microbiology and food science. The directorate has then started to re-innovate the laboratory facilities so as to establish GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) in the center.
This is therefor a report made by Bezuayehu Gutema, representative of Agricultural and Nutritional Research Laboratories of EIAR in the center about the renovation activities and status.
June 29, 2016
The document summarizes renovations made to laboratories at the Ambo National Pulses, Oilseeds, and Root Crops Research Center. Key changes included rearranging equipment and materials in laboratories for bacteriology, biocontrol, mycology, entomology, virology, and nematology. Non-functional equipment was moved to storage. Rooms were prepared for custodians, stockmen, chemicals, glassware, and obsolete materials. Challenges included lack of awareness and staff turnover, while opportunities included strong management support and competitive movement among laboratories. Future plans include continuing awareness training, materials sharing, establishing ISO systems, and constructing standardized, high-level biosafety laboratories.
This document discusses types of roof gardens and considerations for creating one. It describes shallow, medium, and deep roof garden systems categorized by growth media depth and plant types. Key factors discussed include load capacity of the roof, drainage, maintenance access, choosing suitable plants for the sun/wind conditions, soil depth requirements, water availability, and other features like composting and seating areas. Load calculations and cross sections are provided.
Organic waste is produced wherever humans live and its management is important. In developed countries, most organic waste ends up in landfills, but this causes issues like methane emissions. Some is composted. In developing countries, organic waste is often reused through activities like collecting for animal feed or composting. Common organic wastes include food scraps, yard waste, human and animal waste. Key methods for reuse include composting, anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, and feeding to animals. Composting turns waste into fertilizer while digestion creates renewable energy and fertilizer.
engineering practices for soil conservationUsman Khawaja
The mechanical soil conservation practices aim to reduce runoff velocity, retain water in soil, and prevent erosion. These include techniques like basin leaching, pan breaking, subsoiling, and contour terracing to improve water absorption. Contour terracing involves constructing terraces, ridges, or channels along contours to slow runoff and retain water in soil. Additional methods are gully control, pond construction, and stream bank protection.
Mechanization of post harvest operations in horticultural cropsRamabhau Patil
This document discusses various technologies related to post-harvest operations in horticultural crops. It begins by providing context on agriculture and horticulture production and post-harvest losses in India. It then describes the benefits of agro-processing in production areas and lists the main unit operations in post-harvest management. The document proceeds to describe several specific post-harvest technologies and machinery, including bunch covers for bananas, tools for safe harvesting, grading and sorting equipment, pre-cooling, storage structures, and machinery for processing fruits and vegetables into products like juices, pulps, and dried or value-added items. It concludes by discussing some packaging technologies that can extend the shelf life of horticultural crops.
PRACTICAL AND DESIGN ASPECTS OF TERRACING (2)-4.pptxsiddhantshukla53
The document provides information on terrace design and construction. It discusses different types of terraces including broad base terraces, bench terraces, and graded terraces. It covers topics such as terrace layout, survey procedures, design considerations including determining terrace width, spacing, cross-section, and construction steps. Equations for calculating vertical interval, depth of cut, and cross-sectional area are presented. Terrace maintenance including repairing breaks and controlling sediment deposition is also summarized.
Xeriscape: the Seven Principles of Landscape Water Conservation - City of Le...Simm846q
The document discusses the principles of xeriscaping, which is a set of landscape design principles focused on water conservation. The 7 principles are: 1) Plan and design, 2) Improve soil, 3) Use drought-tolerant vegetation, 4) Limit turf areas, 5) Use efficient irrigation, 6) Apply mulch, and 7) Practice low-maintenance care. Xeriscaping can reduce water usage, save time and money, and showcase native plants that naturally grow in the prairies.
Pruning cycle is one of the most important
operations in tea with a primary objective to replace the old set
of maintenance foliage by a fresh one, so that tea bushes
remain healthy and continue to provide succulent shoots to
manufacture quality tea. An investigation was initiated in
Experimental Farm, Darjeeling Tea Research and
Development Centre, Kurseong, Dist. Darjeeling at 1347 m
a.m.s.l on old chinary tea bushes to evaluate the suitability of
pruning cycles of varying durations and pruning skiffing
sequence on yield and crop distribution. Shoot extension rate,
active and banjhi shoot (shoots with restricted growth), net
photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, leaf area distribution
and tea yield were measured. Active shoot density decreased
with age, with the corresponding increase in banjhi shoot
density. Net photosynthetic rate and leaf water potential were
highest during the first year and then decreased subsequently
in all pruning cycles. Leaf area index (LAI) increased up to 3rd
year in 4 and 5 year pruning cycles after pruning and reduced
thereafter. The maximum yield was observed in 5 year pruning
cycle in 3rd year after pruning and then reduced with pruning
age. The yield of all pruning cycle were lowest in first year
after pruning which may be attributed to small bushes with
few branches and lower LAI. The maximum yield was also
observed when pruned in December followed by November
which may be due to maximum accumulation of root starch in
December.
Gerbera is important commercial cut flower crop, and Gerbera flowers have a wide range of colors including yellow, orange, cream-white, pink, brick red, red color, terracotta and various other intermediate colors. Sometimes in double varieties, bicolour flowers are beautiful; Gerbera flower stalks are long, thin and leafy.
The document discusses Prosopis Juliflora, a tree species that grows in drylands around the world. It provides both benefits and challenges. It can improve soils and is an important source of fuelwood, but it also spreads rapidly and depletes water resources if not properly managed. The document proposes using charcoal produced from Prosopis trees to reclaim degraded alkaline soils, increasing agricultural yields.
A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown until they are ready to be planted elsewhere. There are different types of nurseries depending on factors like the planting material used, irrigation needs, and intended duration. Permanent nurseries are maintained long-term to meet regeneration needs, while temporary nurseries are set up as needed. Nurseries can help with artificial regeneration on degraded sites by providing healthy seedlings adapted to local conditions. They allow for commercial production and introduction of exotic species that do not establish well directly from seed.
This document provides an overview of surveying. It defines surveying as determining the relative positions of objects on Earth's surface by measuring horizontal and vertical distances. There are two main types of surveying: plane surveying, which ignores Earth's curvature over small areas, and geodetic surveying, which accounts for curvature over large areas (>250 km2). Common surveying equipment includes chains, tapes, ranging rods, and arrows/pins for marking points. Surveying is used to create maps for various purposes such as topography, property boundaries, engineering projects, and more. Chain surveying is the simplest method and involves taking measurements in the field and completing office work like plotting and calculations.
This document provides guidance on selecting, planting, and establishing trees. It discusses choosing the right species by considering the site conditions like light, soil, moisture, and pests. Proper nursery stock should be inspected for quality. Trees are planted according to their type, ensuring the root flare is at grade level. Backfilling, staking if needed, mulching, and regular watering are important aftercare steps to ensure new trees become established. Ongoing maintenance like pruning and protection from lawnmowers is also discussed. The goal is selecting trees well-suited to the site conditions and providing proper aftercare so they grow healthy and thrive in the landscape.
This document summarizes the characteristics of two tree species: Cassia siamea and Cinnamomum camphora. Cassia siamea is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka, India, and Indonesia that grows up to 18 meters tall. It has yellow flowers and grows in tropical climates. It is used as fuelwood, timber, fodder, and food. Cinnamomum camphora is native to China, Japan, and Taiwan. It has leathery leaves and small white or green flowers. It is used for timber, medicine, and ornamentation. Both species have tap root systems and Cassia siamea freely coppices and produces root suckers while
Methods of storage for local market and export – Traditional and Improved sto...pavanknaik
This document discusses various traditional and improved methods for storing horticultural crops. Traditional methods include in situ storage, sand or coir storage, bulk storage of dried crops, and clamp storage. Improved methods include cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, modified atmosphere storage, solar-driven cold stores, low pressure storage, and jacketed storages. Proper storage helps extend the availability of seasonal crops, reduces post-harvest losses, and maintains quality for consumers. Key factors that affect storage life include temperature, humidity, maturity, and handling practices.
This document discusses various agronomic measures for soil conservation. It defines contour cultivation as conducting agricultural activities like plowing and sowing across the slope of the land. This reduces soil and water loss by interrupting runoff. Choice of crops and cropping systems can also impact soil conservation, with close-growing crops providing better protection than row crops. Other agronomic measures discussed include strip cropping, cover crops, mulching, and applying manures/fertilizers. Mechanical measures to conserve soil include contour bunding, graded bunding, bench terracing, and vegetative barriers.
This document provides instructions and guidelines for small batch composting using enclosed compost bins. It defines compost and explains why composting is beneficial. It discusses key factors for effective composting such as achieving the proper carbon to nitrogen ratio, maintaining appropriate moisture levels and aerating the compost to introduce oxygen. Specific instructions are provided on assembling composting recipes using a variety of organic materials and maintaining proper conditions for microorganisms to break down the materials into finished compost.
Sweet orange Physiological Disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS TraineeMr.Allah Dad Khan
Sweet Orange trees experience three main stages of fruit drop: post-set drop after fruitset, June drop during hot summer weather, and preharvest drop during ripening. Factors that can cause fruit drop include high or low soil moisture, nutrient deficiencies like zinc and phosphorus, and fungal diseases. Applying a combination of 2,4-D and aureofungin in early September helps prevent preharvest fruit drop.
Granulation is a serious issue for citrus in North India, where the stem end of fruits hardens and dries out. Affected fruits are enlarged, gray in color, and have a granular texture. Factors associated with granulation include excessive growth, rootstock variety, frequent irrigation,
The document discusses post-harvest management of maize in India. It notes that close to 30% of maize crops are lost due to inefficient post-harvest management practices. The losses occur primarily due to improper drying and storage techniques as well as poor handling. Effective post-harvest management requires lowering moisture content through appropriate drying, using good quality storage infrastructure, and providing a comprehensive set of value-added services under one system, including processing, price discovery tools, and preparing for bulk handling techniques and infrastructure. SSLL aims to bridge gaps in post-harvest management through its network of agri-logistics parks that offer drying, storage, testing, financing, processing, trading and other services.
Sebeta National Fishery Research Center is one of the Federal Research Centers being managed by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. The center is responsible in coordinating national researches on the area of fishery and aquatic life in the country.
Agricultural and Nutritional Research Laboratories of the institute (EIAR) has established the team in the center during 2014 employing three researchers on the areas of chemistry, microbiology and food science. The directorate has then started to re-innovate the laboratory facilities so as to establish GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) in the center.
This is therefor a report made by Bezuayehu Gutema, representative of Agricultural and Nutritional Research Laboratories of EIAR in the center about the renovation activities and status.
June 29, 2016
The document summarizes renovations made to laboratories at the Ambo National Pulses, Oilseeds, and Root Crops Research Center. Key changes included rearranging equipment and materials in laboratories for bacteriology, biocontrol, mycology, entomology, virology, and nematology. Non-functional equipment was moved to storage. Rooms were prepared for custodians, stockmen, chemicals, glassware, and obsolete materials. Challenges included lack of awareness and staff turnover, while opportunities included strong management support and competitive movement among laboratories. Future plans include continuing awareness training, materials sharing, establishing ISO systems, and constructing standardized, high-level biosafety laboratories.
Acmas Technologies (Pvt) Ltd.,a research laboratory equipment manufacturing company has expanded its goal to become a one-stop shop for research laboratory equipment and instrument with the recent addition of several range of new products in their online catalog.
The document discusses the requirements and considerations for building and designing various sections of a clinical diagnostic laboratory. It covers architectural and engineering factors like lab module sizes, flexibility for expansion, and placement of utilities. It also describes the specific equipment, instruments, and facilities needed in different diagnostic areas like microbiology, parasitology, pathology, hematology, ELISA testing, PCR, and bacteriology sections. Proper ventilation, security, waste disposal, and health and safety measures are important across all laboratory areas.
Acmas Technologies is a laboratory equipment manufacturing company that has expanded its catalog of products. It produces research-based and customized equipment for laboratories and industrial applications. Some key products mentioned include test and study chambers, BOD incubators, seed germinators, ice flaker machines, lyophilizers, blood bank refrigerators, mortuary chambers, deep freezers, humidity and temperature control cabinets, orbital shaking incubators, refrigerated water baths, ovens, and incubator shakers. The company aims to attain excellence through research and development and incorporating new technologies.
Dr. Yogesh Sumthane Assistant Professor College of Forestry Banda University ...yogeshysumthane
⦿ This document discusses key considerations for establishing a successful tissue culture laboratory. It addresses the importance of strategic planning, proper location, and laboratory design to maintain aseptic conditions. A standard tissue culture lab should have areas for media preparation, sterilization, glassware washing, storage, aseptic transfer, and a primary growth room with environmental controls. Careful attention to traffic flow, lighting, temperature, humidity and other factors can optimize the lab's function. Networking, quality control, and market research are also important for a profitable tissue culture business.
Looking for the leading scientific lab equipment manufacturer in India? Your search ends with Ambala Science Lab! They excel at crafting premium instruments designed to explore and measure the properties of matter, catering to educational and research needs worldwide. Our institution was thoroughly impressed with the timely delivery of their scientific instruments, shipped directly from their state-of-the-art facilities. Their superior equipment is meticulously crafted to ensure precise and accurate measurements, which significantly enhanced our educational and research activities. With their innovative products, students and researchers can delve into practical experiments, enriching their understanding of various scientific concepts. I highly recommend trusting Ambala Science Lab to meet all your scientific equipment requirements!
Ambala Science Lab, a leading scientific equipments manufacturer in India, provides high-quality instruments to explore and measure these properties of matter, catering to educational and research needs worldwide.
Being regional center of excellence for wheat research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center has multiple responsibility in providing competitive wheat production technologies. In addition to productivity increase, due to the rising demand by industries it is the main focus of the center to improve qualities of wheat.
Hence laboratories in the research center is under refurbishment to execute competent analysis of quality parameters. Some of this activity is mentioned in this document.
The document describes a Drosophila chamber manufactured by SR Lab Instruments for fruit fly experimentation and incubation. The chamber maintains precise temperature and humidity control between 2-44°C and 30-95% RH. It features six adjustable shelves, phenol coated coils for a safe acidic environment, insulation, and lighting. Customizable controller and alarm options are available to meet users' needs. The chamber is constructed of coated steel for durability and easy maintenance.
Indonesia, Indonesian Soil Research Institute, IAARD - Ministry of AgricultureExternalEvents
First lab managers’ meeting of the South-East Asia Laboratory NETwork (SEALNET 2.0) - Quality improvement in Asian soil laboratories: towards standardization and harmonization of soil analyses and their interpretation, Bogor, Indonesia, 20 - 24 November 2017.
We are manufacturers of plant growth chambers in India
since last two decades. Our plant growth chamber rare
conceptualized and designed to create test chambers to
study and contemplate the effects of different environmental
parameters such as humidity, temperature and light in
various applications tests involving micro-organisms,
plants, tissues, and animals etc apart from various
customized industrial and research applications.
Our plant growth chambers have a variety of usage in R & D
laboratories and research studies across the globe. Apart
from that, these plant growth chamber have a variety of
usages in tissue culture applications, enzyme reaction
studies, growth observation studies, fermentation analysis
and Various other general and specialized applications in
various laboratories.
To develop a project for establishment of commercial tissue culture laboratoryHORTIPEDIA INDIA
The document provides guidelines for establishing a commercial tissue culture laboratory, including:
- The laboratory should have separate rooms for media preparation, glassware washing, sterilization, aseptic transfer, and primary culture growth to maintain cleanliness and prevent contamination.
- Facilities are needed for washing and sterilizing glassware, preparing and storing media, conducting aseptic procedures, and maintaining cultures under controlled conditions.
- Proper location, ventilation, lighting, temperature and humidity control are important considerations for laboratory design.
A tissue culture lab requires specific equipment and facilities to successfully generate new plants through culturing cells and tissues. The lab needs separate rooms for transferring tissues, culturing under controlled conditions, refrigerating media and reagents, washing equipment, and transplanting new plants. Essential equipment includes glassware for sterilizing media, biosafety cabinets for sterile work, incubators for maintaining ideal growth conditions, centrifuges for media preparation, and microscopes for observations. Precise environmental controls and aseptic techniques are necessary throughout the process to produce healthy plants in the laboratory setting.
To study plant tissue culture laboratory design and set upHORTIPEDIA INDIA
This document provides guidelines for setting up a plant tissue culture laboratory, including necessary equipment and design considerations. It discusses key areas of the lab such as the culture room, media preparation area, and glassware washing area. Maintaining aseptic conditions is a primary focus of the design. Proper airflow, traffic flow, and separation of clean and dirty areas are emphasized. Necessary equipment includes a laminar hood, autoclave, incubator shaker, and supplies for tissue culture work. Adherence to safety protocols is also covered.
Today’s analytical laboratory is faced with tight deadlines to produce results from testing environmental samples. Too often, solid-phase extraction (SPE) presents a bottleneck in the analytical testing process and may cause poor analyte recoveries and highly variable. Despite advances in analytical instrumentation, sample prep often relies on tedious, manual, and expensive techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction.
Sample preparation of environmental water samples can be automated, however.. Use of automated sample preparation addresses the many challenges that laboratories face when preparing samples and can help improve sample processing turnaround times.
Chromatography presentation goes with this free on-demand webinar. Link to webinar: https://event.on24.com/eventRegistration/EventLobbyServlet?target=registration.jsp&eventid=832348&sessionid=1&key=7401504685427A0804ABBD1F956E617C&partnerrefthermo=undefined&sourcepage=register
Laboratory Glassware Manufacturer and suppliersAticoExport3
These are just some examples of modern science labs that laboratory glassware suppliers and laboratory glassware manufacturers serve. Whatever your lab's research goal or scope, it cannot function seamlessly without the vast range of excellent-quality equipment and glassware.
This document provides guidelines for designing an effective plant tissue culture laboratory. Careful strategic planning is needed when designing or remodeling a lab space. Key areas that are addressed include the location, general laboratory design, glassware washing and storage, media preparation and sterilization, the primary growth room, and the aseptic transfer area. Maintaining aseptic conditions, controlled environmental factors, and an efficient workflow are priorities in the lab design.
The document discusses the organization and planning of laboratory services in a hospital. It covers key aspects like types of clinical and pathology labs, changing role of labs, importance of labs, principles of planning, infrastructure planning considering size, location, functional areas, quality control and quality assurance. The goal is to provide accurate and timely diagnostic support through well-planned lab services.
"Osworld scientific equipment Pvt Ltd offers a comprehensive range of services, from planning, designing and manufacturing Pharmaceutical Equipments like stability chamber, humidity control oven, B.O.D. Incubator etc."
Similar to Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center Labs renovation report (20)
A German company PTB has sub contracted Afriqual PLC to assess status of Kulumsa Research Lab to technically support the system. EIAR has initially agreed to receive technical as well as capacity support from PTB on areas of staff training, equipment purchasing, CRM and other required supplies facilitation, etc. To effect these requests of EIAR, PTB subcontracted the gap assessment to a PLC called Afrqual. This report is therefore the assessment result.
A workshop was held between June 9 and 10, 2016 at Kulumsa. The theme of the workshop was to discuss on findings of the laboratories status survey report of Afriqual. Attendees were from PTB, Afriqual, EIAR-ANRLD head quarter, KARC researchers and management. This document is therefore synthesis of the workshop.
Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center is one of the Federal Research Centers of EIAR; center of excellence for wheat research. Laboratories in the center includes Agricultural Chemistry, Seed Quality Testing, Microbiology (Pathology), and Food Science and Nutrition.
Agricultural and Nutritional Research Laboratories of EIAR which is established in 2012 has given focus to strengthen laboratories to enhance quality agricultural research in the system. Capacity building areas such as renovation of laboratories, recruitment of laboratory staffs, facilitation of purchase of equipment, supplies, etc were given highest attention by the directorate for the last few years. This report describes the current state of Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center which is reported by Abraha G/Giorgis (representative of the center laboratories).
Tepi National Spices Research Center is one of the Federal Research Center who has responsibility in execution and coordination of research activities on spices. Agricultural and Nutritional Research Laboratories directorate has been involved in the center for the last two years since 2014 by employing one chemist.
This is the result of furnishing of the laboratory with benches and other facilities to enable it upgrade. The initial report is prepared by Sileshi Abraha, who is junior researcher (chemist) and modified by Solomon Abate (the director for ANRLD).
This document summarizes a 3-day training on wheat processing and wheat-based food product development held in Ethiopia. The training objectives were to popularize wheat-based foods, evaluate major wheat varieties, and promote healthy diets. 20 female agricultural agents from various regions participated. The training included presentations on wheat and food processing, demonstrations of making bread, injera and other products from 8 wheat varieties, and sensory evaluations. Participants reported learning about new foods and gaining skills to help their communities. The overall training was deemed a success.
This training was co-organized by SARD-SC and ANRLD of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research for women farmers drawn from four regions of Ethiopia, vis. Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and Southern.
EIAR has launched a research project entitled "Re-Engaging Senior Agricultural Researchers" on December 25, 2015 at Nexus hotel. The project is funded by USAID via ATA. .This is a report of that event.
This is a presentation made by EIAR DG, Dr. Fentahun Mengistu during the launching workshop of a project "Re-Engaging Senior Agricultural Researchers" on December 25, 2015 at Nexus Hotel, Addis Ababa
This document provides an overview of the 421 technical/laboratory assistant positions across Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) research processes and centers. The majority (44.4%) of assistants are in the crop research directorate. Holleta Research Center has the highest number at 91 (21.6%), followed by Melkassa at 58 and Debre Zeit at 51. These positions are being replaced by junior researchers due to changes in the job market and increasing research competency needs. Existing assistants will remain until they leave their positions starting in May 2014.
The document summarizes monitoring and evaluation activities, trainings, and capacity building efforts of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research's Quality Directorate in 2014. Key events included:
1) Monitoring visits to various research center laboratories between November 2013-June 2014 to assess progress in implementing Good Laboratory Practices.
2) Over 15 trainings were provided covering topics such as laboratory management, data analysis, method validation, and the use of new equipment like near infrared spectroscopy machines.
3) New equipment was procured including two near infrared spectroscopy machines to analyze nutrients in maize and sorghum, increasing the directorate's capacity.
Agricultural and Nutrition Research Laboratories directorate of EIAR and Dow Chemicals has conducted a joint project to evaluate the status of laboratories in the research system.
This is the final report of the joint evaluation.
The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research established a quality directorate in 2013 to improve quality systems in its research programs. The directorate has been working to accredit laboratories and certify the institution. Six laboratories have applied for accreditation so far. The directorate has also been upgrading laboratory facilities. It has launched two research projects on quality analysis of crops/livestock and developing alternative food products. The directorate oversees 105 researchers and laboratory assistants across 13 centers. It aims to improve knowledge sharing between experienced laboratory assistants and newer researchers. The document provides details on planned activities and budgets for researchers in the directorate's projects.
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research is in the process of accrediting some of its laboratories. This document describes progress made during Ethiopian calender 2006.
The Ambo plant protection Research Center renovated and rearranged several of its plant protection laboratories in preparation for ISO 17025 accreditation. Key activities included removing non-functional equipment, reorganizing laboratory rooms and equipment, hiring and training new staff, and validating test methods. Challenges included lack of initial ISO awareness, staff turnover, and restricted access to certified reference materials for proficiency testing. Opportunities exist to provide continued training and establish robust ISO systems across research centers. Future plans include expanding diagnostic testing capabilities and supporting laboratory staff development.
The document outlines the quality policy and objectives of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR). It states that EIAR is committed to third party accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025 standards for selected laboratories. The Director General supports this quality policy and laboratories must demonstrate compliance through independent accreditation. Each laboratory head is responsible for fulfilling quality requirements. The quality director must ensure staff understands the quality system and the importance of meeting customer and regulatory requirements through continual improvement.
More from Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (19)
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center Labs renovation report
1. Report o
Agricultural Chemistry Laboratory
ANRL, Debre
Report on Laboratory Renovation
Agricultural Chemistry Laboratory
ebre Zeit Agricultural Research Center
2. Introduction
Agricultural chemistry laboratory at DZARC is one of renovated laboratories to modernize its
facility for generating quality analytical data in agricultural research system. Before renovation
(as Soil Laboratory), its facility was not suitable to accrediting the laboratory systems on the
way to international standard (ISO, 17025). It has been also limited capacity to provide services
for different research process other than soil research process. As a result of this, the updating
of the laboratory facility as well the management system is very important to accrediting this
laboratory with international standard plus to growing its scope of testing services to other
research process. After the renovation, the laboratory design, configurations and equipment
setups changed as agricultural chemistry laboratory that allow to used by a different research
disciplines for their purpose.
After the laboratory management changes, the following renovation activities conducted on
chemistry laboratory at DZARC.
1. The single laboratory room divided by the aluminum partions based on different analytical
process to prevent the interference effect between different testes.
2. The laboratory floor and the roofs is covered by epoxy and plastic tile, respectively to
maintain dust free environment in the laboratory.
3. 3. Offices materials
The office materials such as tables , chairs and Wi-Fi ICT materials also purchased for
researchers and custodian. However, the tables for researchers are not used so far due to
office limitation for and internet capacity limitation for Wi-Fi facility in the center.
3.1. Custodian office (Room 1)
The custodian office is furnished with office tables, chairs, disk top computer and other office
materials. The soil, plant, water ,feed and food samples are received in the custodian room for
registration, coding and distributed to technician for analysis and collected back the samples
and the result.
4. 2.2. laboratory head /QMR office( Room 2)
The room equipped with office materials and shelf's to document the laboratory quality
manual and different files.
4. The laboratory is furnished by benches, Laboratory stools, and cabinets in all rooms.
Kaliti Construction Materials Production Factory offered the laboratory bench , storage cabinet
and safety showers based on his agreement. but the laboratory Lab Trollys and white board are
not availed until now.
5. Table 1. Lab benches and cabinets installed by KCMPF
Sr
No
Materials Unit Request
ed Qnty
Offered
Qnty
Location room Remark
1 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(3.25*0.75*0.90 m)
PCS 3 3 Room 7,8,9
2 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(2.55*0.75*0.90 m)
PCS 5 5 Room
5(2),7,8,11
3 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(4.05*0.75*0.90 m)
PCS 4 4 Room 7,8,9,11
4 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(8.95*0.75*0.90 m)
PCS 1 1 Room 10
5 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(7.26*0.75*0.90 m)
PCS 1 1 Room 10
6 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(5.41*0.80*0.90 m)
PCS 1 1 Room 6
7 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(1.88*0.80*0.90 m)
PCS 1 1 Room 3
8 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(1.50*0.80*0.90 m)
PCS 1 1 Room 5
9 Lab Bench Wall Stand
(2.50*0.80*0.90 m)
PCS 1 1 Room 11
10 Lab sinks Pcs 14 14 Room 5(2), 6(2),
7(3), 8(2), 9(2),
10(3), 11(1)
The water tap
is not standard
for lab
11 Base Cabinet (900*600*600mm) 2-
drawer & 2-doors 18mm L-MDF
PCS 40 40 All rooms It is better if it
has a key to
locked
12 Base Cabinet (1350*600*600mm)
2-drawer & 2-doors 18mm L-MDF
PCS 6 6 All rooms not lockable
13 Base Cabinet (450*600*600mm) 2-
drawer & 2-doors 18mm L-MDF
PCS 10 10 All rooms not lockable
14 Storage Cabinet(0.80*0.40*2.00m)
20mm MOP T
PCS 3 3 Room 10
Room 6
Room 4
not lockable
15 Storage Cabinet (1.20*0.40*2.00m)
20mm MDF
PCS 4 4 Room 7,8, 11
and Seed lab
not lockable
16 Storage Cabinet (1.50*0.40*2.00m)
20mm MDF
PCS 12 12 Room 2(2), 3(2),
4, 5 ,6(3),9 &
Corridor
not lockable
17 Emergency Shower & Eye Wash PCS 2 2 Room 6, 10 Good
18 White Board Movable (1.90*1.20m) 2 Not
offered
19 Lab Trollys (0.90*0.60*0.90) 2 Not
offered
6. Generally, Agricultural chemistry research laboratory of DZARC has the following facilities in
each room for the specific testing process.
4.1. Balancing room (Room 3)
Balancing room equipped with different types of analytical balances to weighing the samples
and chemicals for analysis and cabinets for temporary storage of samples and chemicals during
ongoing analysis activity
7. 4.2. Digestion room (Room 4)
The facilities includes fume hood, block digester and furnaces are available in this room . The
pressure plate apparatus also facilitated in this room for soil water holding capacity
determination. Wet Digestion of soil, plant, feed and food samples are conducted in this room
for macro and micro nutrient analysis. it is the first steps of chemical analysis in chemistry
laboratory. In addition, for the digestion and preparation of reagents, chemicals carry out in the
Fume Hood.
8. 4.3. High tech instrument room ( Room 5)
This room is furnished with three benches including one small bench for AAS placement and
the other two benches used as working bench during analysis. One water sink and One cabinet
(150cm width ) are also available in this room. The instrumental reading of micro nutrients
and heavy metals under take in this room by AAS . The room has also enough space and facility
if ICP-MS will installed in this room.
9. 4.4. Food, feed and water sample preparation and washing room (Room 6)
In this room one bench with two water sinks are installed for washing of different glassware's
and plant sample preparation. It is equipped with various equipment such as washing machine,
refrigerator, plant grinding mail, safety shower and four different size cabinets plant sample and
glassware storage.
10. 4.5 Distillation room (Room 7)
This room is equipped with three benches , one cabinets, water distiller and distillation units for
TN, NO3 ,NH4 , CEC contents and protein contents determination of soil, food and feed
samples. The distilled water also produced in this room for analysis.
11. 4.6. Titration room (Room 8)
In this room the more traditional analytical processes are carried out, e.g., pH, electrical
conductivity, and anions and cations. Various items of equipment and associated with titration
such as digital burette, titrat , calcimeter , pH meter, and conductivity meter are generally found
in this room.
12. 4.7. Instrumental Room (Room 9)
In this room the instrumental reading are conducted by using different instruments including
flame photometer ,spectrophotometer and near infrareds spectroscope. This room is also
equipped with refrigerator for storage of standard reagent chemicals and computer for data
calculation and records.
13. 4.8 Extraction room (Room 10)
In the extraction room the analytical processes of shaking, stirring, filtering and centrifuging are
done almost exclusively with the aid of electrical machines and devices. In addition, preparation
of reagents, chemicals carry out in this room.
14. 4.9. Ashing and Oven dry room (room 11)
This is where the sub-samples are dried in oven for moisture content determination . the
hygroscopic natured chemicals are also dried in oven to remove the moisture content for
measuring the actual weight in reagent preparation. Dry ashing process and ash content
determination is also conducted in this room. The room generally equipped with furnace ,
ovens and different hot plates.
15. 5. Soil and plant Preparation & storage Room(Separate building)
In this room the bulk soil and plant sample from customers are received for preparation (dried
and sieved). This facility is equipped with drying oven, soil grinder, plant mill, stainless steel
soil sieve sets, different types of soil sampling (augers, spade, and metal rings), shelves and
sample containers . Soil and plant samples are dried and placed in clean containers and then
transferee to the chemistry laboratory for requested analysis. All samples after analysis will
retained in this room until discarded date reached.
16. 6. Chemical store rooms (separate building)
This is where the solid and liquid chemicals stored for chemistry laboratory in separate
sections. and all chemicals in each shelves arranged alphabetically and the bin cards prepared
for prober stoke management.
. Chemical store rooms (separate building)
This is where the solid and liquid chemicals stored for chemistry laboratory in separate
sections. and all chemicals in each shelves arranged alphabetically and the bin cards prepared
This is where the solid and liquid chemicals stored for chemistry laboratory in separate
sections. and all chemicals in each shelves arranged alphabetically and the bin cards prepared
17. With the above facility and current arrangement system, this laboratory can be provide
effective analytical service for different research process including crop research process to
testing nutritional profile for their newly released crop verities, Animal production research
process to testing animal nutrition and animal product quality , land and water research process
used to soil, water plant and fertilizer testing. This facility also allows ANRL researchers to
make agricultural chemistry and nutritional research related agricultural product quality,
environmental sustainability, food chemistry and nutritional quality researches. This
multidiscipline laboratory service approach will benefit the researchers to working together to
raises overall agricultural productivity and product quality , promote open communication, and
facilitates resource sharing.
Thank you for the nice work
Mohammed Yimam