1. Induction motors work on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are classified as single-phase or three-phase depending on the type of AC supply.
2. Three-phase induction motors are self-starting while single-phase induction motors require additional components like split windings or capacitors to generate a rotating magnetic field for starting.
3. Induction motors have a simple and rugged construction, are very reliable and require minimal maintenance, making them well-suited for industrial applications.
In this slide given description about different Type of Single phase induction Motor.
i.e.Capacitor start motor
Permanent capacitor motor
Capacitor start capacitor run motor
The document discusses induction motors. It explains that an induction motor works by electromagnetic induction, where the alternating current in the stator produces a rotating magnetic field that induces current in the rotor and causes it to turn. It describes the basic components of induction motors including the stator, rotor, and housing. It also discusses how varying the frequency of the alternating current supply can be used to control the motor's speed.
The document discusses three-phase induction motors. It covers the motor's construction, basic concepts, equivalent circuit model, power and torque characteristics, and speed control. The key learning objectives are understanding the motor's construction, slip concept, equivalent circuit model, torque-speed curve variations, and speed control techniques. The motor has a stationary stator and a rotating squirrel cage or wound rotor. Voltage induced in the rotor from the rotating stator magnetic field causes current flow and torque production. The motor runs at sub-synchronous speed due to slip between the rotor and field speeds.
The document provides details about the syllabus for the course 19E404 - Induction and Synchronous Machine. It discusses the key topics that will be covered including three phase induction motors, their construction, working principle, performance and control. It also discusses single phase induction motors and synchronous generators and motors, their construction and operating principles.
The induction motor transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has a stationary stator and a rotor that is either a squirrel cage or wound construction. When a three-phase current is applied to the stator, it creates a rotating magnetic field that induces a current in the rotor. This induced current interacts with the magnetic field to produce a torque on the rotor shaft, causing it to rotate at a slower synchronous speed and power an attached load. Energy losses are dissipated as heat, requiring a cooling fan mounted on the shaft.
This document provides information on different types of induction motor rotors including deep bar cage rotors, double cage rotors, and wound or slip ring rotors. It explains that deep bar cage rotors have higher starting torque than normal cage rotors due to their increased resistivity. Double cage rotors have an outer cage made of high resistivity material and an inner copper cage, allowing for high starting torque from the outer cage and good efficiency from the inner cage at normal speeds. Slip ring motors have a wound rotor connected to slip rings, permitting external resistors to be added to the rotor circuit to control speed.
The single-phase induction motor uses two windings arranged perpendicularly on an iron core stator - a main winding and an auxiliary starting winding. It requires a mechanism to generate a rotating magnetic field to start, such as a capacitor, resistance, or secondary winding with phase shift. Common starting methods are split-phase, capacitor-start, and shaded-pole. Split-phase uses an auxiliary winding with phase shift. Capacitor-start uses a capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding. Shaded-pole uses shaded bands to generate phase shift. Applications depend on starting torque requirements.
The document discusses three-phase induction motors, including their construction, operation, and characteristics. It describes:
1) The main components of three-phase induction motors are the stator, which contains three-phase windings, and the rotor, which is either a squirrel cage or wound type. The rotating magnetic field in the stator induces currents in the rotor that generate torque.
2) Induction motors operate at a speed slightly below synchronous speed, with the difference called slip. Torque output is proportional to slip at low slip values and decreases with increasing slip above a maximum point.
3) Key motor characteristics like starting torque, maximum torque, equivalent circuits, and torque-slip curves are explained
In this slide given description about different Type of Single phase induction Motor.
i.e.Capacitor start motor
Permanent capacitor motor
Capacitor start capacitor run motor
The document discusses induction motors. It explains that an induction motor works by electromagnetic induction, where the alternating current in the stator produces a rotating magnetic field that induces current in the rotor and causes it to turn. It describes the basic components of induction motors including the stator, rotor, and housing. It also discusses how varying the frequency of the alternating current supply can be used to control the motor's speed.
The document discusses three-phase induction motors. It covers the motor's construction, basic concepts, equivalent circuit model, power and torque characteristics, and speed control. The key learning objectives are understanding the motor's construction, slip concept, equivalent circuit model, torque-speed curve variations, and speed control techniques. The motor has a stationary stator and a rotating squirrel cage or wound rotor. Voltage induced in the rotor from the rotating stator magnetic field causes current flow and torque production. The motor runs at sub-synchronous speed due to slip between the rotor and field speeds.
The document provides details about the syllabus for the course 19E404 - Induction and Synchronous Machine. It discusses the key topics that will be covered including three phase induction motors, their construction, working principle, performance and control. It also discusses single phase induction motors and synchronous generators and motors, their construction and operating principles.
The induction motor transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has a stationary stator and a rotor that is either a squirrel cage or wound construction. When a three-phase current is applied to the stator, it creates a rotating magnetic field that induces a current in the rotor. This induced current interacts with the magnetic field to produce a torque on the rotor shaft, causing it to rotate at a slower synchronous speed and power an attached load. Energy losses are dissipated as heat, requiring a cooling fan mounted on the shaft.
This document provides information on different types of induction motor rotors including deep bar cage rotors, double cage rotors, and wound or slip ring rotors. It explains that deep bar cage rotors have higher starting torque than normal cage rotors due to their increased resistivity. Double cage rotors have an outer cage made of high resistivity material and an inner copper cage, allowing for high starting torque from the outer cage and good efficiency from the inner cage at normal speeds. Slip ring motors have a wound rotor connected to slip rings, permitting external resistors to be added to the rotor circuit to control speed.
The single-phase induction motor uses two windings arranged perpendicularly on an iron core stator - a main winding and an auxiliary starting winding. It requires a mechanism to generate a rotating magnetic field to start, such as a capacitor, resistance, or secondary winding with phase shift. Common starting methods are split-phase, capacitor-start, and shaded-pole. Split-phase uses an auxiliary winding with phase shift. Capacitor-start uses a capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding. Shaded-pole uses shaded bands to generate phase shift. Applications depend on starting torque requirements.
The document discusses three-phase induction motors, including their construction, operation, and characteristics. It describes:
1) The main components of three-phase induction motors are the stator, which contains three-phase windings, and the rotor, which is either a squirrel cage or wound type. The rotating magnetic field in the stator induces currents in the rotor that generate torque.
2) Induction motors operate at a speed slightly below synchronous speed, with the difference called slip. Torque output is proportional to slip at low slip values and decreases with increasing slip above a maximum point.
3) Key motor characteristics like starting torque, maximum torque, equivalent circuits, and torque-slip curves are explained
This document provides an overview of electric motors, including different types of motors, their basic principles and components. It discusses induction motors, synchronous motors, and single phase motors. It also covers motor specifications, testing, storage, lubrication, and maintenance practices. The presentation was prepared by Kapil Singh for Thermax Ltd and includes topics like classification of motors, laws of electromagnetism, rotating magnetic fields, and motor applications.
The document discusses induction motors and their operation. It begins by explaining that induction motors operate using induction rather than direct conduction of power to the rotor like in DC motors. The rotor receives power through induction in the same way as a transformer secondary from the primary. Induction motors can thus be viewed as rotary transformers. The rotor is then induced to spin by the revolving magnetic field produced by the three-phase stator winding when powered. Two main types of rotors are described: squirrel cage, which is the simplest design; and wound rotor, which allows adding external resistance to control torque.
Speed control by kramer method (Karan)KARAN SHARMA
This document describes speed control of induction motors using the Kramer method. It begins with an introduction to induction motors, including their working principles and the need for speed control. It then discusses various speed control methods for induction motors, including voltage/frequency control, adding resistance to the rotor circuit, and injecting slip frequency voltage into the rotor. Chapter 2 introduces the Kramer method for speed control. Chapter 3 will describe the equipment used for implementing the Kramer method.
This document discusses AC motors, including three-phase induction motors, single-phase induction motors, and brushless DC motors. It provides details on their construction, operation principles, advantages, limitations, torque-speed characteristics, and speed control methods. Three-phase induction motors are widely used due to their simple and rugged construction, reliability, low cost, and high efficiency. Single-phase induction motors require auxiliary circuits for self-starting. Methods to control induction motor speed include variable voltage variable frequency control and field oriented control.
The document discusses different types of AC motors, including induction motors and synchronous motors. Induction motors operate slightly slower than the supply frequency, while synchronous motors rotate exactly at the supply frequency. Common types of AC motors include squirrel cage motors and wound rotor motors. Squirrel cage motors have conductors in the rotor that produce torque from induced currents, while wound rotor motors have insulated windings in the rotor that allow external resistance to control starting torque and speed.
1. The document discusses synchronous machines, including their construction, types of prime movers, and excitation systems. It describes salient pole and cylindrical rotors, as well as different winding configurations like distributed, integral slot, and fractional windings.
2. Hydro turbines and diesel engines typically drive synchronous machines with salient pole rotors, while steam turbines drive higher speed machines with cylindrical rotors. Excitation systems can be DC, static using thyristors, or brushless.
3. The document provides an overview of synchronous machines and their components.
Special electrical machines were invented for specific control applications. Reluctance motors include synchronous reluctance motors and switched reluctance motors. The switched reluctance motor induces magnetic poles on the rotor through magnetic reluctance. It has stator windings but no coils or magnets on the rotor. Torque is produced as the rotor moves to minimize reluctance. The switched reluctance motor uses power converters and position sensors for commutation and control.
1000 HP Slip Ring Type Induction Motor and its starter (lrs{LIQUID RESISTANCE...Mukesh Bhol
* Operation & Maintenance of 1000 HP Motor & LRS.
* Function between 1000 HP Motor & LRS
* Connection Diagram for 1000 HP Motor & LRS
* Troubleshooting Ideas
* The Main Causes of Sparking at the slipring are.
The document discusses three-phase induction motors. It begins by explaining that induction motors are the most common electric motors used in industry due to their simple and rugged design. It then covers the basic principles of operation, describing how a rotating magnetic field induces current in the rotor. It discusses the two main types - squirrel cage and wound rotor - and describes their construction features. The document also covers motor speed, how it is lower than synchronous speed due to slip, and the similarities and differences between induction motors and transformers. It concludes by listing the main power losses that occur in induction machines.
An AC motor uses an alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field in the stator that interacts with the rotor. The two main types are induction and synchronous motors. Induction motors rely on electromagnetic induction to generate a current in the rotor from the stator's rotating magnetic field, causing the rotor to turn at a slower synchronous speed. Squirrel cage rotors have embedded conductors in a striped pattern and are simple, reliable, and cheaper but have poor starting torque. Wound rotors have coils connected through slip rings that allow reducing starting current and enabling speed control.
This document discusses different types of motors, including DC motors, AC motors, and servo motors. It describes the key components and characteristics of series, shunt, and compound DC motors. It also explains induction motors, synchronous motors, and the differences between squirrel cage and wound rotors. AC motors are divided into synchronous and induction types. Servo motors are described as incorporating a DC motor, gear train, potentiometer, and control circuit to enable precise angular positioning. Common applications of different motor types are also mentioned.
Three phase induction motors are the most common electric motors used in industry. They have a simple and rugged design, are low cost, and easy to maintain. An induction motor consists of a stationary stator and a revolving rotor. The stator contains three-phase windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when powered. This rotating field induces currents in the rotor windings which produce a torque causing the rotor to turn, though slightly slower than the rotating field. Three phase induction motors can operate across a wide range of speeds and are well suited for constant speed industrial applications.
This document provides information on three-phase induction motors:
- It discusses the construction, operation, and advantages/disadvantages of three-phase induction motors. The main components are the stationary stator and revolving rotor, which can be either a squirrel cage or wound type.
- A balanced three-phase supply to the stator produces a rotating magnetic field that induces voltage in the rotor windings, generating torque. The motor runs slightly slower than the synchronous speed due to slip.
- Equivalent circuits are presented for analyzing induction motors, accounting for variables like induced voltage and reactance that change with slip frequency. Power losses and relationships are also examined.
This document discusses different types of AC motors. It describes induction motors, including single-phase and three-phase induction motors. Three-phase induction motors can have either a squirrel cage or wound rotor. Synchronous motors are also discussed, which rotate at a constant synchronous speed. While synchronous motors have high efficiency, they require auxiliary equipment to allow for self-starting. The document compares different AC motor types and provides examples of their common applications.
An induction motor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction where a rotating magnetic field in the stator induces current in the rotor. It has two main parts - a stationary stator wound with coils, and a rotating rotor. The most common type of rotor is the squirrel cage rotor, made of aluminum or copper bars in slots to conduct the induced current. Induction motors are widely used in industry due to their simple and rugged construction, low cost, and high reliability.
The document discusses the different types of rotor constructions used in synchronous generators. It describes salient pole and non-salient pole rotors. Salient pole rotors have protruding poles and are used for slower speed applications from 100-1500 RPM. Non-salient pole rotors have flush poles and are used for higher speed turbo generators running at 3600 RPM. The document also discusses different excitation methods for synchronous generators including using slip rings and brushes or a brushless exciter to supply DC current to the rotor field windings. A brushless exciter uses a small AC generator to produce DC for the main generator's field.
Three phase induction motor By Mitesh KumarMitesh Kumar
This document presents on three phase induction motors. It discusses the basic construction of an induction motor including the stationary stator and revolving rotor. It describes the two main rotor designs - squirrel cage and wound rotor. It explains the principle of operation where the rotating magnetic field produced in the stator induces currents in the rotor windings, generating torque. It provides the formula to calculate synchronous speed based on supply frequency and number of poles. Finally, it discusses applications of squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motors.
Different types of electrical motors can be categorized into three main segments: AC motors, DC motors, and special purpose motors. DC motors include shunt wound, series, compound, and permanent magnet DC motors which differ based on how the field and armature windings are connected. AC motors include synchronous and induction motors which operate based on AC frequency. Special purpose motors include stepper motors, brushless DC motors, servo motors, and reluctance motors which have specialized applications.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
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This document provides an overview of electric motors, including different types of motors, their basic principles and components. It discusses induction motors, synchronous motors, and single phase motors. It also covers motor specifications, testing, storage, lubrication, and maintenance practices. The presentation was prepared by Kapil Singh for Thermax Ltd and includes topics like classification of motors, laws of electromagnetism, rotating magnetic fields, and motor applications.
The document discusses induction motors and their operation. It begins by explaining that induction motors operate using induction rather than direct conduction of power to the rotor like in DC motors. The rotor receives power through induction in the same way as a transformer secondary from the primary. Induction motors can thus be viewed as rotary transformers. The rotor is then induced to spin by the revolving magnetic field produced by the three-phase stator winding when powered. Two main types of rotors are described: squirrel cage, which is the simplest design; and wound rotor, which allows adding external resistance to control torque.
Speed control by kramer method (Karan)KARAN SHARMA
This document describes speed control of induction motors using the Kramer method. It begins with an introduction to induction motors, including their working principles and the need for speed control. It then discusses various speed control methods for induction motors, including voltage/frequency control, adding resistance to the rotor circuit, and injecting slip frequency voltage into the rotor. Chapter 2 introduces the Kramer method for speed control. Chapter 3 will describe the equipment used for implementing the Kramer method.
This document discusses AC motors, including three-phase induction motors, single-phase induction motors, and brushless DC motors. It provides details on their construction, operation principles, advantages, limitations, torque-speed characteristics, and speed control methods. Three-phase induction motors are widely used due to their simple and rugged construction, reliability, low cost, and high efficiency. Single-phase induction motors require auxiliary circuits for self-starting. Methods to control induction motor speed include variable voltage variable frequency control and field oriented control.
The document discusses different types of AC motors, including induction motors and synchronous motors. Induction motors operate slightly slower than the supply frequency, while synchronous motors rotate exactly at the supply frequency. Common types of AC motors include squirrel cage motors and wound rotor motors. Squirrel cage motors have conductors in the rotor that produce torque from induced currents, while wound rotor motors have insulated windings in the rotor that allow external resistance to control starting torque and speed.
1. The document discusses synchronous machines, including their construction, types of prime movers, and excitation systems. It describes salient pole and cylindrical rotors, as well as different winding configurations like distributed, integral slot, and fractional windings.
2. Hydro turbines and diesel engines typically drive synchronous machines with salient pole rotors, while steam turbines drive higher speed machines with cylindrical rotors. Excitation systems can be DC, static using thyristors, or brushless.
3. The document provides an overview of synchronous machines and their components.
Special electrical machines were invented for specific control applications. Reluctance motors include synchronous reluctance motors and switched reluctance motors. The switched reluctance motor induces magnetic poles on the rotor through magnetic reluctance. It has stator windings but no coils or magnets on the rotor. Torque is produced as the rotor moves to minimize reluctance. The switched reluctance motor uses power converters and position sensors for commutation and control.
1000 HP Slip Ring Type Induction Motor and its starter (lrs{LIQUID RESISTANCE...Mukesh Bhol
* Operation & Maintenance of 1000 HP Motor & LRS.
* Function between 1000 HP Motor & LRS
* Connection Diagram for 1000 HP Motor & LRS
* Troubleshooting Ideas
* The Main Causes of Sparking at the slipring are.
The document discusses three-phase induction motors. It begins by explaining that induction motors are the most common electric motors used in industry due to their simple and rugged design. It then covers the basic principles of operation, describing how a rotating magnetic field induces current in the rotor. It discusses the two main types - squirrel cage and wound rotor - and describes their construction features. The document also covers motor speed, how it is lower than synchronous speed due to slip, and the similarities and differences between induction motors and transformers. It concludes by listing the main power losses that occur in induction machines.
An AC motor uses an alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field in the stator that interacts with the rotor. The two main types are induction and synchronous motors. Induction motors rely on electromagnetic induction to generate a current in the rotor from the stator's rotating magnetic field, causing the rotor to turn at a slower synchronous speed. Squirrel cage rotors have embedded conductors in a striped pattern and are simple, reliable, and cheaper but have poor starting torque. Wound rotors have coils connected through slip rings that allow reducing starting current and enabling speed control.
This document discusses different types of motors, including DC motors, AC motors, and servo motors. It describes the key components and characteristics of series, shunt, and compound DC motors. It also explains induction motors, synchronous motors, and the differences between squirrel cage and wound rotors. AC motors are divided into synchronous and induction types. Servo motors are described as incorporating a DC motor, gear train, potentiometer, and control circuit to enable precise angular positioning. Common applications of different motor types are also mentioned.
Three phase induction motors are the most common electric motors used in industry. They have a simple and rugged design, are low cost, and easy to maintain. An induction motor consists of a stationary stator and a revolving rotor. The stator contains three-phase windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when powered. This rotating field induces currents in the rotor windings which produce a torque causing the rotor to turn, though slightly slower than the rotating field. Three phase induction motors can operate across a wide range of speeds and are well suited for constant speed industrial applications.
This document provides information on three-phase induction motors:
- It discusses the construction, operation, and advantages/disadvantages of three-phase induction motors. The main components are the stationary stator and revolving rotor, which can be either a squirrel cage or wound type.
- A balanced three-phase supply to the stator produces a rotating magnetic field that induces voltage in the rotor windings, generating torque. The motor runs slightly slower than the synchronous speed due to slip.
- Equivalent circuits are presented for analyzing induction motors, accounting for variables like induced voltage and reactance that change with slip frequency. Power losses and relationships are also examined.
This document discusses different types of AC motors. It describes induction motors, including single-phase and three-phase induction motors. Three-phase induction motors can have either a squirrel cage or wound rotor. Synchronous motors are also discussed, which rotate at a constant synchronous speed. While synchronous motors have high efficiency, they require auxiliary equipment to allow for self-starting. The document compares different AC motor types and provides examples of their common applications.
An induction motor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction where a rotating magnetic field in the stator induces current in the rotor. It has two main parts - a stationary stator wound with coils, and a rotating rotor. The most common type of rotor is the squirrel cage rotor, made of aluminum or copper bars in slots to conduct the induced current. Induction motors are widely used in industry due to their simple and rugged construction, low cost, and high reliability.
The document discusses the different types of rotor constructions used in synchronous generators. It describes salient pole and non-salient pole rotors. Salient pole rotors have protruding poles and are used for slower speed applications from 100-1500 RPM. Non-salient pole rotors have flush poles and are used for higher speed turbo generators running at 3600 RPM. The document also discusses different excitation methods for synchronous generators including using slip rings and brushes or a brushless exciter to supply DC current to the rotor field windings. A brushless exciter uses a small AC generator to produce DC for the main generator's field.
Three phase induction motor By Mitesh KumarMitesh Kumar
This document presents on three phase induction motors. It discusses the basic construction of an induction motor including the stationary stator and revolving rotor. It describes the two main rotor designs - squirrel cage and wound rotor. It explains the principle of operation where the rotating magnetic field produced in the stator induces currents in the rotor windings, generating torque. It provides the formula to calculate synchronous speed based on supply frequency and number of poles. Finally, it discusses applications of squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motors.
Different types of electrical motors can be categorized into three main segments: AC motors, DC motors, and special purpose motors. DC motors include shunt wound, series, compound, and permanent magnet DC motors which differ based on how the field and armature windings are connected. AC motors include synchronous and induction motors which operate based on AC frequency. Special purpose motors include stepper motors, brushless DC motors, servo motors, and reluctance motors which have specialized applications.
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1. RG,RSET
Widely used power drive.
Run at constant speed.
Working principle –electromagnetic induction. Hence the name induction
motor.
Induction Motors
INDUCTION
MACHINES
2. RG,RSET
Based on type of ac supply,
Three Phase Induction Motors
- Self starting
- Extensively used in industries and hence known as ‘work horse’ of
modern industry
Single Phase Induction Motors
- not self starting
- applications restricted to small power ratings.
Induction Motors - Classification
INDUCTION
MACHINES
4. RG,RSET
Consists of Stator and Rotor.
Rotor is separated from stator by a small airgap (0.4 mm to 4mm)
Depending on rotor construction, induction motors are classified as
1. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SCIM)
2. Slip Ring Induction Motor (SRIM)
Construction
INDUCTION
MACHINES
6. RG,RSET
Frame
Cylindrical in shape and made of cast iron
Provides support and act as protective cover.
Provided with fins to increase heat dissipation.
Stator Core
Cylindrical in shape and made of silicon steel laminations
Provides space for accommodating 3φ balanced winding.
Stator Winding
Made of copper wire.
The 3 coils from 3 windings are distributed over slots
Both λ/Δ connections are possible
Construction - Stator
INDUCTION
MACHINES
8. RG,RSET
Rotor Core
laminated cylindrical core .
have slots on its outer periphery.
Rotor Core
A thick copper or aluminum bar is placed in each slot.
All these bars are joined together at both ends by metal rings called end
rings. Rotor circuit is permanently closed circuit.
Rotor bars and end rings together resembles the cage of squirrel and
hence the name.
Construction – Squirrel Cage Rotor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
11. RG,RSET
Rotor Core
laminated cylindrical core .
have slots on its outer periphery. to accommodate balance 3φ windings
Rotor Windings and Slip Ring Arrangement
Rotor winding is usually star connected.
The open ends of rotor windings are brought out and connected to three
slip rings mounted on rotor shaft.
Brushes are used to take connection from these slip rings
At starting high external resistances are usually included to improve
starting torque and reduce starting current.
When motor attains normal speed, three brushes are short circuited.
Construction – Slip Ring Rotor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
13. RG,RSET
When 3φ stator winding is energized from a 3φ supply, a rotating magnetic
field is produced.
The speed at which magnetic field rotates is called synchronous speed Ns
where, P – no. of poles
f – supply frequency
This field passes through the air gap and cuts the stationary rotor
conductors which induces emf in the rotor conductors.
Since rotor circuit is short circuited current starts flowing through rotor
conductors
Working
INDUCTION
MACHINES
P
f
120
Ns
14. RG,RSET
Now the situation is like a current carrying conductor (rotor conductor)
placed in a magnetic field (produced by stator)
Thus mechanical force acts on all rotor conductors. The sum of mechanical
forces on all rotor conductors produces a torque which tends to move
rotor in the same direction as that of rotating magnetic field
Working
INDUCTION
MACHINES
15. RG,RSET
In practice rotor can never achieve the speed of stator field(Ns). If it did so,
there would be no relative speed between two, hence no rotor emf, rotor
current and torque to drive rotor.
The difference between synchronous speed (Ns) and actual speed of rotor
(N) is called slip.
Rotor current frequency,
Slip
INDUCTION
MACHINES
100
x
N
N
N
slip
%
N
N
N
S
,
slip
s
s
s
s
Sf
fr
16. RG,RSET
1. A 3hp, three phase, 4-pole, 400V, 50Hz, induction motor runs at
1440rpm. Calculate slip and frequency of rotor-induced EMF?
Ans : Slip = 0.04 and fr = 2Hz
2. The frequency of rotor induced EMF of 400V, three phase, six pole
induction motor is 2Hz. Calculate the speed of motor.
Ans : 960 rpm
3. A slip ring, three phase induction motor rotates at a speed of 1440rpm,
when a supply of 400V, 50Hz is applied across the stator terminals. What
will be the frequency of rotor induced EMF?
Ans : 2 Hz
Tutorials
INDUCTION
MACHINES
17. RG,RSET
Squirrel Cage Motor – Low rotor resistance – low starting torque –
centrifugal pumps, wood working tools etc.
Squirrel Cage Motor – High rotor resistance – High starting torque –
compressors, crushers, reciprocating pumps etc.
Squirrel Cage Motor – Higher rotor resistance – Higher starting torque –
punching presses, hoists, elevators etc
Slip Ring Motor –used for loads requiring severe starting conditions like
hoists, cranes elevators etc
Applications
INDUCTION
MACHINES
18. RG,RSET
widely used in commercial and domestic field, where single phase supply is
available
Applications
Washing machines, fans, refrigerators, grinders, centrifugal pumps, hair
dryers, blowers etc.
Disadvantages – comparing with 3φ IM
Not self starting.
Low starting torque
Operates at low efficiency and low pf.
Single Phase Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
19. RG,RSET
Parts
(1) Stator – contains a core which accommodates a 1φ distributed winding.
(2) Rotor – squirrel Cage rotor
Airgap between stator and rotor– 0.5mm to 1mm
Single Phase Induction Motor - Construction
INDUCTION
MACHINES
20. RG,RSET
Working
When an alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding of single
phase induction motor, an alternating magnetic field(pulsating) is
produced. Such a magnetic field acting on squirrel cage rotor cannot
produce starting torque needed for motor. Hence single phase induction
motors are not self starting.
Various method have been developed for obtaining starting torque in
these motors.
Stator winding is modified or split into two parts, to make it self start.
Single Phase Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
21. RG,RSET
Based on starting method, single phase induction motors are classified into
1. Split Phase Induction Motor
2. Capacitor Start Motor
3. Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor
4. Shaded Pole Induction Motor
Classification
INDUCTION
MACHINES
22. RG,RSET
Contains an auxiliary winding and main winding on stator.
Main winding - high reactance, low resistance
Auxiliary winding – high resistance, low reactance
Split Phase Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
23. RG,RSET
Working
displacement between the currents in stator winding, produces a rotating
magnetic field.
When motor attains sufficient speed, switch is opened.
Split Phase Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
sin
Td
24. RG,RSET
Stator contains an auxiliary winding and main winding.
A capacitor is included in the auxiliary winding to provide a proper
displacement between the currents in stator winding.
Capacitor Start Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
25. RG,RSET
Working
displacement between the currents in stator winding, produces a rotating
magnetic field.
Capacitor is removed from the circuit during running condition by a
centrifugal switch.
Capacitor Start Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
sin
Td
26. RG,RSET
Stator contains an auxiliary winding and main winding.
Capacitors are included in the auxiliary winding to provide a proper
displacement between the currents in stator winding.
Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
27. RG,RSET
Working
displacement between the currents in stator winding, produces a rotating
magnetic field.
Starting capacitor is removed from the circuit during running condition by
a centrifugal switch.
Split Phase Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES
sin
Td
28. RG,RSET
A single turn of copper strap is wrapped around a portion of the main pole
forming a closed circuit. This closed circuit is named as shading coil.
The shading coil causes flux in that portion of pole surrounded by it, to lag
behind flux in remaining portion of the pole.
Hence two components of flux are displaced in time, which produce a
revolving magnetic field which supplies the starting torque.
Shaded Pole Induction Motor
INDUCTION
MACHINES