this is the important factor to know that the integrity rules is all about "to right".

1. Integrity Rule
Submitted By:
Girdhar Ratne
B.Sc.(I.T.)

2. Contents
• Introduction to DBMS
• Integrity Constraints
• Need of Integrity Constraints
• Types of Integrity Constraints
• Domain Integrity Constraint
• Key Integrity Constraint
• Referential Integrity Constraint

3. Data Base Management System
• DBMS is a software.
• A DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to
Access those data.
• Management of data involve both defining structure for storage of
information & providing mechanism for manipulation of information.
• Data base system ensure the safety of information stored, despite system
or an unauthorized access in attempted on data base.

4. Integrity Constraints
• Integrity means something like 'be right' and consistent.
• The data in a database must be right and in good condition.

5. Cont…
• Constraints are a very important feature in a relational model.
• The relational model supports the well-defined theory of constraints on
attributes or tables.
• Constraints are useful because they allow a designer to specify the
semantics of data in the database.

6. Need of Integrity Constraints
• Integrity rules are needed to inform the DBMS about certain constraints in
the real world.
• Many user enter data item in database becomes very important that the
data item & association among them destroy.
• Data insertion, updating & deletion processes have to be perform in such a
way that data integrity is not affected.

7. Types of Integrity Constraints
Integrity Constraints
Key Constraints
Domain Constraints
Referential Integrity
Constraints

8. Domain Integrity Constraint
• Domain integrity means the definition of a valid set of values for an
attribute.
- data type
- length or size
- is null value allowed
- is the value unique or not for an attribute

9. Example of Domain Constraints
Emp_ID ADD Phone No. Age Name
X1 HR 111 22 A
X2 DEL 123 25 E
X3 MUB 432 21 D
Varchar Integer Character
(Age>=18)

10. Key Integrity Constraint
• Value of Primary Key must be unique and can not duplicate.
• In a relation with a key attribute, no two tuples can have identical values
for key attributes.
S.No. Emp_id Add
1 X1 KNP
2 X2 JHS
3 X3 LUK
3 X4 MUM
Duplication of data not allowed

11. Entity Integrity Constraints
• The entity integrity constraint states that primary keys cannot be null.
• The entity integrity constraints assure that a specific row in a table can be
identified.
Reg.No Model_Id Rate
ABC-112 2 4,50,000
XYZ-324 1 5,40,000
NULL 4 4,70,000
ACX-395 3 3,50,000
NULL value not allowed

12. Referential Integrity Constraints
• Referential Integrity Constraints work on concepts of Foreign Keys.
• A Foreign key is a key attribute of a relation that can be referred in other
relation.
• This is specified between two relations and it is used to maintain the
consistency among rows between the two relations.

13. Example of Referential Constraints
Reg.No Model_Id Rate
ABC-112 2 4,50,000
XYZ-324 4 5,40,000
ACC-432 6 4,70,000
ACX-395 3 3,50,000
BSA-325 1 5,00,000
CCE-326 5 3,33,000
Model_Id Mark Model
1 Ford Focus
2 Ford Mondeo
3 Peugeot 307
4 Peugeot 407
R
S
Referred to

14. References:-
• Fundamentals of Database Systems
- Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe
• An Introduction to Database Systems
- Bipin C. Desai
• http://people.cs.pitt.edu/~chang/156/12integrity.html

15.  When the values in one or more attributes being used
as a foreign key must exist in another set of one or
more attributes in another table, we have created a(n):
A. transitive dependency.
B. insertion anomaly.
C.referential integrity constraint.
D.normal form.
Multiple Choice Questions

16.  Which of the following data constraints would be used
to specify that the value of cells in a column must be
one of a specific set of possible values?
A. A domain constraint
B. A range constraint
C. An intrarelation constraint
D. An interrelation constraint

17.  A foreign key is:
A. a column containing the primary key of another table.
B. used to define data types.
C. used to define null status.
D. all of the above are correct.