let you know about the medium which used some of them to establish the connection through network. transmission media or medium are of two types one is guided another is unguided both have their role to connect with peoples or network.

1. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Created By:
Vedprakash Sahu
BSc IT(3rd Sem)

2. Outlines:
• What is Physical layer
• Classification ofTransmission Media
• Guided Media
• Twisted-pair-cable
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
• Unguided Media
• Radio waves
• Micro waves
• Infrared waves

3. What is Physical Layer?
Physical Layer Physical Layer
(Sender) (Receiver)

4. Transmission Media
Guided Media Unguided Media
Twisted-pair cable Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable Free space

5. Guided Media
3Types of Guided Media
1. Twisted Pair Cable
2. Coaxial Cable
3. Fiber Optic Cable
Guided media, which are those that provide a
conduit from one device to another, include
twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-
optic cable.

6. Twisted-pair cable

7. UTP and STP cables

8. UTP & STP Connector

9. Coaxial Cable

10. Categories of coaxial cables…

11. Fiber Optic Cable

12. Unguided Media
Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without
using a physical conductor. This type of communication is
often referred to as wireless communication.
Radio Waves
Micro Waves
Infrared Wave
Topics discussed in this section:

13. Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

14. Propagation methods
1. Ground Propagation
2. Sky Propagation
3. Line-of-sight Propagation

15. Bands

16. Wireless transmission waves

17. Radio WaveTransmission System
 Radio waves have frequencies between 3 kHz and 1 GHz
 Radio waves used for following Application
 AM radio
 FM radio andTV
 Wireless LAN
 RF bands are Licensed and Unlicenced
 Radio waves can brodcast omnidirectionally or
directionally

18. Omnidirectional antenna

19. Microwave Transmission System
 Microwaves have frequencies between 1 GHz to 300 Ghz
 Micro waves used for following Application
 AM radio
 FM radio andTV
 Wireless LAN
 Microwaves are basically unidirectional
 Microwave propagation is Line of sight propogation
 It support high data rate due to high fre band
 There are two types
1.Terrestrial
2. Satellite

20. Unidirectional antennas

21. Infrared waves
• The electromagnetic waves having frequencies from
300 GHz to 400THz are known as infrared waves
• IR uses Line of sight propagation
• It cannot penetrate walls
• much reduced interference and possibility of reuse
same freq band in different rooms
• IR waves have very large bandwidth
• Sun generates radiation in the infrared bandcause
interference to IRThey may be used in development of
very high speed wireless LAN in future.
• FCC licence is not required to use it.