1. warehouse:
Building
Business
Intelligence

2. The Relational Database
Model
• Relational data model is the most
commonly used data model to
design the database.
• Relational databases are composed
of two parts:
1. Information
2. Logical Structure

5. PART FILE
Part Number – Primary Key
Facility Number – Foreign Key
Distributor ID – Foreign Key
DISTRIBUTOR FILE
Distributor ID – Primary key
FACILITY FILE
Facility Number – Primary Key
Manager Number – Foreign Key
EMPLOYEE FILE
Employee Number – Primary Key
• The Relational Database Model
With Logical Ties Among the Information
Management Information System for the Information Age

6. The Relational Database Model
With Built-In Integrity Constraints
Integrity constraints – rules that help ensure the quality
of the information.
Integrity means something like 'be right' and consistent.
Team Work : Primary Keys, Foreign Keys, and Integrity
Constraints
Domain Integrity
Domain integrity means the definition of a valid set of
values for an attribute. You define
- data type,
- length or size
- is null value allowed
- is the value unique or not
for an attribute.

7. Entity Integrity Constraint
The entity integrity constraint states that primary keys
can't be null. There must be a proper value in the primary
key field.
This is because the primary key value is used to identify
individual rows in a table. If there were null values for
primary keys, it would mean that we could not identify
those rows.
In the Car Rental database in the Car table each car must
have a proper and unique Reg_No. There might be a car
whose rate is unknown - maybe the car is broken or it is
brand new - i.e. the Rate field has a null value. See the
picture below.
The entity integrity constraints assure that a specific row in
a table can be identified.

8. Picture. Car and CarType tables in the Rent database

9. Referential Integrity Constraint
The referential integrity constraint is specified between
two tables and it is used to maintain the consistency
among rows between the two tables.
The rules are:
1. You can't delete a record from a primary table
if matching records exist in a related table.
2. You can't change a primary key value in the
primary table if that record has related records.
3. You can't enter a value in the foreign key field
of the related table that doesn't exist in the primary
key of the primary table.
4. However, you can enter a Null value in the
foreign key, specifying that the records are unrelated.

10. Foreign Key Integrity Constraint
There are two foreign key integrity constraints:
cascade update related fields and cascade
delete related rows. These constraints affect
the referential integrity constraint.
• Cascade Update Related Fields
• Cascade Delete Related Rows

11. Database Management
System Tool
• DBMS Engine - accepts logical requests
from the various other DBMS
subsystems, converts them into their
physical equivalent, and actually
accesses the database and data
dictionary as they exist on a storage
device.

12. Data Definition Subsystem
• helps you create
and maintain the data
dictionary and define the
structure of the files in a
database.

13. Data Manipulation Subsystem
• helps you change, and delete
information in a database and mine
it for valuable information. Tools
here include views, report
generators, QBE, and SQL.

14. Application generation subsystem
contains facilities to help you develop
transaction-intensive applications.
Application generation subsystems usually
include:
 Tools for creating visually appealing
data entry screens
 Tools for creating easy to use data
entry screens
 DBMS-specific programming languages
 Commonly used programming
languages

15. Data administration subsystem
A DBMS helps you manage the overall
database environment by providing
facilities for
 backup and recovery,
 security management,
 query optimization,
 concurrency control, and
 change management.

16. 1.What is Data Warehouse?
•A large store of data accumulated from a wide range of sources
within a company and used to guide management decisions.

17. 2.Data Mining
(sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of
analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into
useful information - information that can be used to increase
revenue, cuts costs, or both. Data mining software is one of a
number of analytical tools for analyzing data.
Traditional Data Mining Tools
Dashboards
Text-mining Tools
3. Data Marts: Smaller Data Warehouses
A data mart is a small data warehouse focused on a specific area of
interest.

18. Career Opportunities in Data Mining
Business
You'll find the use of data mining mostly in business fields under
the following branches:
• Advertising: Getting the right kind of commercials using customer
relations and feedback. Data mining relies heavily on customer
relations because that's where all transitional data comes from,
whether it's changing trends or satisfaction with products.
• Healthcare: Evaluating the recent health trends to put forth the
next health or diet product. Data mining has proved to be more
and more essential when it comes to making cost-cutting medicine,
optimizing surgical procedures and keeping a check over
pharmaceutical sales. It can be used to find out the success rate
and side-effects of a medicine in the market.

19. • Sports: Televising a particular sport more, according to
localities that are interested in that sport. On the field, data
mining is used to evaluate the players, to check their on-field
statistics and training practices to find out the best ways to make
players better.
• Fraud detection: Archives can be researched through to find out the
patterns in many fraud cases, whether it is forging money or
major bank frauds.
• Investments: A very lucrative method for firms or individuals to
pursue increased gains over their investments. Data mining helps
reduce the risk rate and capital to give the best returns possible.
Another angle is in the actuarial practices.

20. • Manufacturing: The assembly line is another place that can
benefit from this. You can use it to increase performance of
automated tools as well as employee efficiency along with their
welfare.