The document discusses database management systems (DBMS). It defines key concepts like data, databases, and DBMS. It explains that a DBMS is software that manages databases and makes data storage and retrieval easier. The document also covers database models like relational, network and hierarchical, different types of DBMS languages, purposes of DBMS, advantages and disadvantages. It provides examples of database usage in domains like banking, airlines, universities etc.

1. Miss. Rupali Salunkhe
Presented by
Walchand Center For Biotechnology, Solapur

3.  The concept of database was introduced by IBM in 1960s.
 Database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational
model invented by Edgar F. Codd at IBM in 1970.
Edgar F. Codd

4. Data -
 Collection of meaningful information .
e.g.- Text, number, images, videos
Database -
 Systematic collection of data .
e.g.1. record of students stored in files
2. information stored over internet
Database Management System(DBMS)-
 The software which is used to manage database is called Database
Management System (DBMS).
e.g.1. MySQL
2.Microsoft Access

5. DBMS stands for Database Management System.
DBMS = Database + Management System.
A database management system stores data in such a way that it
becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate, and produce information.
Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of
programs to store and retrieve those data.

6. Database systems are basically developed for large amount of
data.
When dealing with huge amount of data, there are two things
that require optimization:
 Storage of data and
 Retrieval of data.

7. Various levels of database implementation (concept of abstraction)
1. Internal Level (Physical Level):
 It describes how data are actually stored on the storage medium.
 It is closest to database programmer.
 Lowest level of database abstraction.
2. Conceptual Level (Logical Level):
 It describes what data are actually stored in database.
 It is closest to the database manager.
 It is an intermediate level of database abstraction.
3. External Level (View Level):
 It describes the way in which the data are viewed by individual user.
 It is the level closest to the users.
 It is the highest level of database abstraction.

8. View 1 View 2 View 3
Conceptual
level
Physical
level
External level
Internal
Stored-acc. length=60
Account # type=bytes(15) offset=0
Name type=bytes(20) offset=15
Type type=bytes(10) offset=35
Amount type=bytes(15) offset=45
Conceptual
AC_No numeric(15)
AC_Name character(20)
Type character(10)
Amount numeric(15)
View 1
AC_Name
Amount
View 2
AC_No
AC_Name
Type
Amount
Account holder Manager
(DBMS Programmer)
Database
handler
User

9. A Data Model is a logical structure of Database
1. Relational Data Model:
 In relational data model, the data is stored in the form of tables (i.e. rows and
columns).
 These tables are called relations.
 Insert new tuples, delete tuples, and modify tuples.
2. Network Data Model :
 The network data model differs from the relational model.
 It represented by connection of records and relationships among data are
represented by links.
 Records are organized as graphs.
3. Hierarchical Data Model :
 Data is represented by collection of records and relationships among data by
links, similar to the network model.
 Records are organized as trees rather than graphs.
 Represents relationship among its records through parent child relationships.

10. Types of DBMS languages:
1. Data Definition Language (DDL):
 Used to classify the database structure.
 To create the database instance – CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML):
 DML is used for accessing and manipulating data in a database.
 To read records from table – SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
3. Data Control language (DCL):
 DCL is used for granting and revoking user access on a database –
 To grant access to user – GRANT
 To revoke access from user – REVOKE

11.  To store data
 To organize data
 To control access to data
 To protect data
 Create databases
 Modify database data (insert, update, delete)
 Maintain database structures
 Provide security
 Perform backup and recovery

12.  To develop software applications In less time
 Security and integrity of data
 Easy to understand and user friendly
 Data independence and efficient use of data
 Effective and efficient management of data
 Query processing and management
 Better Decision making
 Data sharing and storage
 Better access to accurate data
 Ensures error free information

13.  Minimize Data Redundancy- DBMS controls data redundancy
 Sharing Of Data- Data can be shared
 Data Consistency- Data consistency means if you want to update data in
any files then all the files should not be updated again.
 Data Integrity- Data integrity means unification of so many files into a
single file.
 Security- Data security means protecting your data from unauthorized
access.
 Privacy- Privacy means up to what extent a user can access the data
 Simplicity-Simplicity means to represent the overall logical view of data in
a simple and clear manner. DBMS is very simple for its users who use it.

14.  Costly
 Complexity
 Technical staff requirement
 Database Failure
 Extra Cost of Hardware
 Cost of Data Conversion
 Currency Maintenance

15.  Banking: For customer information, account, and loans, and transaction.
 Airline: For reservation and schedule information.
 Universities: For students information, course registration, and grades.
 Telecom: calls made, customer details, network usage
 Credits card transaction: For purchases on credits cards and generation of
monthly statements.
 Sales: For customer, product, and purchase information.
 Railway Reservation System
 Online Shopping etc.

16. To create a biological database
To retrieve data
Data mining

17.  Beynon-Davies, P. (2004). Database Systems. 3rd Edition.
Palgrave, Houndmills, Basingstoke.
 Connolly, Thomas and Carolyn Begg. Database Systems. New
York: Harlow, 2002.
 Date, C. J. (2003). An Introduction to Database Systems, Fifth
Edition. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-51381-1.
 Gray, J. and Reuter, A. Transaction Processing: Concepts and
Techniques, 1st edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1992.
 Kroenke, David M. and David J. Auer. Database Concepts. 3rd
ed. New York: Prentice, 2007.

18. THANK YOU