This document consists of 21 pages from the book "Fraternity Gang Rape: Sex, Brotherhood, and Privilege on Campus" by Peggy Reeves Sanday, published in 2007 by NYU Press. Each page provides the page number from the book as well as a URL and copyright statement indicating that reproduction requires permission except for fair use under U.S. copyright law.
The compass had a profound impact on navigation and traveling across seas and lands. It was invented in China around 206 BC and allowed navigation without needing visible stars, which enabled traveling during storms and daylight hours. The compass was crucial for Zheng He's voyages from China between 1405-1433, spreading knowledge of the compass worldwide. It revolutionized navigation and made traveling across oceans significantly easier and safer.
The document discusses the misunderstanding and misperceptions around the term "feminism". It summarizes how a TIME magazine poll to ban words led to "feminism" being included, sparking debate. While TIME said it meant to invite debate, critics argued its inclusion was provocative and distracted from important issues of equality and justice. Historical waves of feminism are outlined, showing tensions between approaches that contribute to confusion around defining feminism. The document argues feminism is still needed to work towards full equality and justice for all women.
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at H.docxsheronlewthwaite
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University
Nappy Happy
Author(s): Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis
Source: Transition, No. 58 (1992), pp. 174-192
Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and
African American Research at Harvard University
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2934976
Accessed: 04-05-2017 18:36 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
Indiana University Press, Hutchins Center for African and African American
Research at Harvard University are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Transition
This content downloaded from 128.114.228.120 on Thu, 04 May 2017 18:36:33 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
T R A N S I T I ON Conversation
NAPPY HAPPY
A Conversation with Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis.
You may love him or loathe him, but
you have to take him seriously. O'Shea
Jackson-better known by his nom de mi-
crophone, Ice Cube-may be the most
successful "hardcore" rap artist in the re-
cording industry. And his influence as a
trendsetter in black youth culture is un-
rivaled. According to some academic
analysts, Ice Cube qualifies as an "or-
ganic intellectual" (in Antonio Gramsci's
famous phrase): someone organically
connected to the community he would
uplift.
He is, at the same time, an American
success story. It was as a member of the
Compton-based rap group NWA that he
first came to prominence in 1988 at the
age of 18. Less than two years later, he
left the group over a dispute about
money, and went solo. Amerikkka's Most
Wanted, his gritty debut album, went
platinum-and the rest is recording his-
tory.
Ice Cube is also a multimedia phe-
nomenon. Artless, powerful perfor-
mances in films by John Singleton and
Walter Hill have established him as a
commanding screen presence. That,
combined with his streetwise credibility,
has been a boon for St. Ides malt liquor,
which has paid generously for his ongo-
ing "celebrity endorsement." Naturally,
it's a relationship that has aroused some
skepticism. While Public Enemy's
Chuck D, for example, has inveighed
against an industry that exacts a tragic
toll in America's inner cities, even suing
a malt liquor company that used one of
his cuts to promote its product, Ice Cube
defends his role in touting booze in the
'hood-even though, having joined the
Nation of Islam, he says he's now a tee-
totaller. "I do what I want to do," he says
of his malt liq ...
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs) Theory and a.docxkhanpaulita
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs)
Theory and application
Companies have many and diverse stakeholders
There may be many and diverse issues to manage
The Master Plan
6. Managing the impacts of growth
6.1 Strategic environmental appraisal
6.2 Traffic and transport
6.3 Road transport
6.4 Noise
6.5 Air quality
6.6 Natural heritage
6.7 Surface water
6.8 Energy and waste
6.9 Waste
6.10 Economic and social impact
Environmental management clearly needs a systematic approach
Systems and standards in industry
are commonplace….
pick a card: any card …...
What should an effective environmental management system look like?
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
Typical EMS structure
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
A management system approach:
Written
commitment
to deal with
key issues
Includes setting
targets relating
to key issues
Putting management of key issues into practice
Auditing - measuring progress towards targets
Assessing success of
elements 1-4 and the system as a whole
StandardsAll BSi and ISO standards have identification numbers
This ensures clear identification by all parties
Standards identification numbers:
Certification
Organisations can be certified to ISO 14001
(often termed ‘certified against ISO 14001’)
ISO 14001
Why the strong growth of
ISO 14001?
ISO Survey of Management System Standard Certifications – 2016
EMSsOther forms of recognition exist
In Europe, EMAS is widely adopted
EMAS has since been dropped
- SAS reviewed the strategic benefits …
EMSs
Standards – environmental and others – are increasingly important for business
– a company may lose out if standards
are not gained
– a company may see business increase
through the achievement of standards
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University
Nappy Happy
Author(s): Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis
Source: Transition, No. 58 (1992), pp. 174-192
Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and
African American Research at Harvard University
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2934976
Accessed: 04-05-2017 18:36 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions .
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs) Theory and a.docxelbanglis
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs)
Theory and application
Companies have many and diverse stakeholders
There may be many and diverse issues to manage
The Master Plan
6. Managing the impacts of growth
6.1 Strategic environmental appraisal
6.2 Traffic and transport
6.3 Road transport
6.4 Noise
6.5 Air quality
6.6 Natural heritage
6.7 Surface water
6.8 Energy and waste
6.9 Waste
6.10 Economic and social impact
Environmental management clearly needs a systematic approach
Systems and standards in industry
are commonplace….
pick a card: any card …...
What should an effective environmental management system look like?
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
Typical EMS structure
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
A management system approach:
Written
commitment
to deal with
key issues
Includes setting
targets relating
to key issues
Putting management of key issues into practice
Auditing - measuring progress towards targets
Assessing success of
elements 1-4 and the system as a whole
StandardsAll BSi and ISO standards have identification numbers
This ensures clear identification by all parties
Standards identification numbers:
Certification
Organisations can be certified to ISO 14001
(often termed ‘certified against ISO 14001’)
ISO 14001
Why the strong growth of
ISO 14001?
ISO Survey of Management System Standard Certifications – 2016
EMSsOther forms of recognition exist
In Europe, EMAS is widely adopted
EMAS has since been dropped
- SAS reviewed the strategic benefits …
EMSs
Standards – environmental and others – are increasingly important for business
– a company may lose out if standards
are not gained
– a company may see business increase
through the achievement of standards
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University
Nappy Happy
Author(s): Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis
Source: Transition, No. 58 (1992), pp. 174-192
Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and
African American Research at Harvard University
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2934976
Accessed: 04-05-2017 18:36 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions ...
Final Paper AssignmentDescription Now that you have produced .docxlmelaine
Final Paper Assignment
Description: Now that you have produced a research proposal and an annotated bibliography, it’s time to compose your final research paper on your selected event, which you will argue advanced a sociopolitical goal of feminism or contributed to a more multicultural American society. For purposes of this assignment, we will define multiculturalism as a willingness to be transformed by the multiple distinct but varied subjectivities informed by identity markers such as gender, race, sexual orientation, and socio-economic class, which overlap and intersect in complex and fluid arrangements. In a multicultural world, these distinct but varied voices are authorized to speak and empowered to shift our ontological formations such that we may move past dualistic thinking and, as Gloria Anzaldúa writes “stretch the psyche horizontally and vertically” toward “a more whole perspective, one that includes rather than excludes” (Freedman 388). Each of you has selected an event that you believe has contributed to these goals as articulated by the thinkers we’ve engaged this term. Now is your chance to explain your event’s meaning and argue for its importance.
Your final research paper should include the following parts in no particular order:
· a thesis statement that makes a specific claim about the impact your event had on our goals for a more just, more multicultural America; your thesis should help you fulfill your paper’s rhetorical exigence or primary purpose;
· background information that situates the event in its sociohistorical moment and scales the information given to the audience of readers you have in mind;
· a sustained, audience-aware argument that interprets the meaning of your event from a feminist perspective by relying on relevant scholarship;
· analysis of the rhetoric surrounding your event both from public/popular sources and academic sources;
· where applicable, description and analysis of normalizing/regulatory responses or backlashes to your event by institutions, ideological beliefs, or groups of citizens who push back against any advancements triggered by your event;
· optional: you may include a section that describes the need for additional work in the area advanced by your event.
Form: Papers should be approximately 2,250 words not including your works cited page. In addition to formatting your works cited page per MLA formatting, please also use that same format throughout your paper. Using MLA rules to guide you, be sure that all quoted material is fluidly integrated into the text, preceded by introduction and followed with parenthetical citations. While you will need to include other voices in your paper, do not subordinate your voice to those quoted in your paper. Use a confident, direct, and specific voice throughout your paper—avoid vague and wordy constructions—and remember to keep a specific audience in mind as you write.
29 October 2019
SlutWalk’s Demand to End Rape Culture:
Proposal
After ...
This document consists of 21 pages from the book "Fraternity Gang Rape: Sex, Brotherhood, and Privilege on Campus" by Peggy Reeves Sanday, published in 2007 by NYU Press. Each page provides the page number from the book as well as a URL and copyright statement indicating that reproduction requires permission except for fair use under U.S. copyright law.
The compass had a profound impact on navigation and traveling across seas and lands. It was invented in China around 206 BC and allowed navigation without needing visible stars, which enabled traveling during storms and daylight hours. The compass was crucial for Zheng He's voyages from China between 1405-1433, spreading knowledge of the compass worldwide. It revolutionized navigation and made traveling across oceans significantly easier and safer.
The document discusses the misunderstanding and misperceptions around the term "feminism". It summarizes how a TIME magazine poll to ban words led to "feminism" being included, sparking debate. While TIME said it meant to invite debate, critics argued its inclusion was provocative and distracted from important issues of equality and justice. Historical waves of feminism are outlined, showing tensions between approaches that contribute to confusion around defining feminism. The document argues feminism is still needed to work towards full equality and justice for all women.
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at H.docxsheronlewthwaite
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University
Nappy Happy
Author(s): Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis
Source: Transition, No. 58 (1992), pp. 174-192
Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and
African American Research at Harvard University
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2934976
Accessed: 04-05-2017 18:36 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
Indiana University Press, Hutchins Center for African and African American
Research at Harvard University are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Transition
This content downloaded from 128.114.228.120 on Thu, 04 May 2017 18:36:33 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
T R A N S I T I ON Conversation
NAPPY HAPPY
A Conversation with Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis.
You may love him or loathe him, but
you have to take him seriously. O'Shea
Jackson-better known by his nom de mi-
crophone, Ice Cube-may be the most
successful "hardcore" rap artist in the re-
cording industry. And his influence as a
trendsetter in black youth culture is un-
rivaled. According to some academic
analysts, Ice Cube qualifies as an "or-
ganic intellectual" (in Antonio Gramsci's
famous phrase): someone organically
connected to the community he would
uplift.
He is, at the same time, an American
success story. It was as a member of the
Compton-based rap group NWA that he
first came to prominence in 1988 at the
age of 18. Less than two years later, he
left the group over a dispute about
money, and went solo. Amerikkka's Most
Wanted, his gritty debut album, went
platinum-and the rest is recording his-
tory.
Ice Cube is also a multimedia phe-
nomenon. Artless, powerful perfor-
mances in films by John Singleton and
Walter Hill have established him as a
commanding screen presence. That,
combined with his streetwise credibility,
has been a boon for St. Ides malt liquor,
which has paid generously for his ongo-
ing "celebrity endorsement." Naturally,
it's a relationship that has aroused some
skepticism. While Public Enemy's
Chuck D, for example, has inveighed
against an industry that exacts a tragic
toll in America's inner cities, even suing
a malt liquor company that used one of
his cuts to promote its product, Ice Cube
defends his role in touting booze in the
'hood-even though, having joined the
Nation of Islam, he says he's now a tee-
totaller. "I do what I want to do," he says
of his malt liq ...
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs) Theory and a.docxkhanpaulita
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs)
Theory and application
Companies have many and diverse stakeholders
There may be many and diverse issues to manage
The Master Plan
6. Managing the impacts of growth
6.1 Strategic environmental appraisal
6.2 Traffic and transport
6.3 Road transport
6.4 Noise
6.5 Air quality
6.6 Natural heritage
6.7 Surface water
6.8 Energy and waste
6.9 Waste
6.10 Economic and social impact
Environmental management clearly needs a systematic approach
Systems and standards in industry
are commonplace….
pick a card: any card …...
What should an effective environmental management system look like?
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
Typical EMS structure
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
A management system approach:
Written
commitment
to deal with
key issues
Includes setting
targets relating
to key issues
Putting management of key issues into practice
Auditing - measuring progress towards targets
Assessing success of
elements 1-4 and the system as a whole
StandardsAll BSi and ISO standards have identification numbers
This ensures clear identification by all parties
Standards identification numbers:
Certification
Organisations can be certified to ISO 14001
(often termed ‘certified against ISO 14001’)
ISO 14001
Why the strong growth of
ISO 14001?
ISO Survey of Management System Standard Certifications – 2016
EMSsOther forms of recognition exist
In Europe, EMAS is widely adopted
EMAS has since been dropped
- SAS reviewed the strategic benefits …
EMSs
Standards – environmental and others – are increasingly important for business
– a company may lose out if standards
are not gained
– a company may see business increase
through the achievement of standards
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University
Nappy Happy
Author(s): Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis
Source: Transition, No. 58 (1992), pp. 174-192
Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and
African American Research at Harvard University
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2934976
Accessed: 04-05-2017 18:36 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions .
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs) Theory and a.docxelbanglis
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMSs)
Theory and application
Companies have many and diverse stakeholders
There may be many and diverse issues to manage
The Master Plan
6. Managing the impacts of growth
6.1 Strategic environmental appraisal
6.2 Traffic and transport
6.3 Road transport
6.4 Noise
6.5 Air quality
6.6 Natural heritage
6.7 Surface water
6.8 Energy and waste
6.9 Waste
6.10 Economic and social impact
Environmental management clearly needs a systematic approach
Systems and standards in industry
are commonplace….
pick a card: any card …...
What should an effective environmental management system look like?
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
Typical EMS structure
1
policy
2
planning
3
implementation
and
operation
4
checking
5
management
review
A management system approach:
Written
commitment
to deal with
key issues
Includes setting
targets relating
to key issues
Putting management of key issues into practice
Auditing - measuring progress towards targets
Assessing success of
elements 1-4 and the system as a whole
StandardsAll BSi and ISO standards have identification numbers
This ensures clear identification by all parties
Standards identification numbers:
Certification
Organisations can be certified to ISO 14001
(often termed ‘certified against ISO 14001’)
ISO 14001
Why the strong growth of
ISO 14001?
ISO Survey of Management System Standard Certifications – 2016
EMSsOther forms of recognition exist
In Europe, EMAS is widely adopted
EMAS has since been dropped
- SAS reviewed the strategic benefits …
EMSs
Standards – environmental and others – are increasingly important for business
– a company may lose out if standards
are not gained
– a company may see business increase
through the achievement of standards
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University
Nappy Happy
Author(s): Ice Cube and Angela Y. Davis
Source: Transition, No. 58 (1992), pp. 174-192
Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and
African American Research at Harvard University
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2934976
Accessed: 04-05-2017 18:36 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions ...
Final Paper AssignmentDescription Now that you have produced .docxlmelaine
Final Paper Assignment
Description: Now that you have produced a research proposal and an annotated bibliography, it’s time to compose your final research paper on your selected event, which you will argue advanced a sociopolitical goal of feminism or contributed to a more multicultural American society. For purposes of this assignment, we will define multiculturalism as a willingness to be transformed by the multiple distinct but varied subjectivities informed by identity markers such as gender, race, sexual orientation, and socio-economic class, which overlap and intersect in complex and fluid arrangements. In a multicultural world, these distinct but varied voices are authorized to speak and empowered to shift our ontological formations such that we may move past dualistic thinking and, as Gloria Anzaldúa writes “stretch the psyche horizontally and vertically” toward “a more whole perspective, one that includes rather than excludes” (Freedman 388). Each of you has selected an event that you believe has contributed to these goals as articulated by the thinkers we’ve engaged this term. Now is your chance to explain your event’s meaning and argue for its importance.
Your final research paper should include the following parts in no particular order:
· a thesis statement that makes a specific claim about the impact your event had on our goals for a more just, more multicultural America; your thesis should help you fulfill your paper’s rhetorical exigence or primary purpose;
· background information that situates the event in its sociohistorical moment and scales the information given to the audience of readers you have in mind;
· a sustained, audience-aware argument that interprets the meaning of your event from a feminist perspective by relying on relevant scholarship;
· analysis of the rhetoric surrounding your event both from public/popular sources and academic sources;
· where applicable, description and analysis of normalizing/regulatory responses or backlashes to your event by institutions, ideological beliefs, or groups of citizens who push back against any advancements triggered by your event;
· optional: you may include a section that describes the need for additional work in the area advanced by your event.
Form: Papers should be approximately 2,250 words not including your works cited page. In addition to formatting your works cited page per MLA formatting, please also use that same format throughout your paper. Using MLA rules to guide you, be sure that all quoted material is fluidly integrated into the text, preceded by introduction and followed with parenthetical citations. While you will need to include other voices in your paper, do not subordinate your voice to those quoted in your paper. Use a confident, direct, and specific voice throughout your paper—avoid vague and wordy constructions—and remember to keep a specific audience in mind as you write.
29 October 2019
SlutWalk’s Demand to End Rape Culture:
Proposal
After ...
McDuffie, Garvyeism in Chicago, ABD, 8, 2, 2015Erik McDuffie
This article analyzes the history of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Chicago from the 1920s to the 1960s. Garvey's message of black pride, African redemption, and self-determination resonated with thousands of black Chicagoans who joined the UNIA. Chicago was a stronghold of the movement, with some of the largest UNIA divisions in the world. Although membership declined by the 1930s, Garveyism remained influential through various black nationalist and left-wing groups. The article aims to shed light on this underexplored aspect of Chicago's history and its role in the broader African diaspora.
Kurdish Americans will hold a hunger strike outside the White House from October 27th to 31st to raise awareness of Yezidi and Christian women and girls captured by ISIS who are being raped, tortured, and sold into sexual slavery. On the final day, there will be a mock sex slave auction in front of the White House to generate support for urgent efforts to rescue the women and girls. The hunger strikers and their supporters call on the US and others to take immediate action to locate and save the innocent women and girls from ISIS before it is too late.
This document discusses various animals found in Antarctica, focusing on Adelie penguins. It provides details on the size, population, and some interesting facts about Adelie penguins as well as other Antarctic birds like emperor penguins, snow petrels, polar skuas, and albatrosses. Key details about each species' weight, wingspan, population numbers, diet, and other distinguishing characteristics are highlighted.
This document outlines a 5-step process for requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It explains how to create an account, submit a request with instructions and sources, review bids from writers and choose one, authorize payment after receiving the paper, and request revisions if needed. It emphasizes HelpWriting.net's commitment to original, high-quality work and full refunds for plagiarized content.
Horse Sense Essay Contest. Online assignment writing service.Crystal Hall
The document discusses how brands can gain successful exposure in the market and build relationships with consumers. It notes that some brands, like Apple, may not follow typical advised procedures but are still very successful. The study aims to investigate if there are exceptions to the current rules of brand communications and exposure by examining standard practices, then comparing them to a survey of Apple consumers' opinions.
This document contains a series of photographs from various decades depicting protests related to Roe v. Wade from the 1970s to the 2020s. The photographs are from both CNN and the New York Times and show a variety of individuals of different ages, genders and races either advocating for or against abortion rights. The captions provide context about the protests and use words like "protest", "demonstration" and "advocate" to describe the events pictured. The document examines how media portrayals of Roe v. Wade protests have changed over time.
Essay On Importance Of Time Management In Our LifeErin Byers
The document outlines a 5-step process for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications.
4. Receive the paper and ensure it meets expectations before authorizing payment.
5. Request revisions until fully satisfied with the high-quality, original content. Refunds are offered for plagiarized work.
Purveyors of Environmental Justice: Edward Abbey's "Monkey Wrench Gang"Tiffany Anderson
The border wall, flanked by a road on both sides, is shockingly ecologically harmful. Edward Abbey’s fictional eco-saboteurs rebelling against a military-industrial complex are relevant to real life protestors against the border wall. A very small minority of people will practice eco-sabotage, because of its fatal potential, but a much larger percentage will support the cause non-criminally. Edward Abbey’s “Monkey Wrench Gang” would have actively contested the building of the border wall if the novel had taken place in this decade rather than the 1970s.
Environmentalists have made winning strides with legislation, but Congress allowed the Department of Homeland Security to waive environmental and conservation laws if they impeded the construction of the border wall. Since Big Brother changed the rules, rendering legal avenues ineffective, audiences can find cheap solace as the “monkey wrenchers” rally for environmental justice by destroying billboards, bulldozers, bridges and dams.
Best Steps To Write A Research Paper In. Online assignment writing service.Robin Anderson
The document provides a 5-step process for writing a research paper through the website HelpWriting.net. The steps include: 1) Creating an account on the site; 2) Completing an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Reviewing bids from writers and choosing one; 4) Reviewing the completed paper and authorizing payment; 5) Requesting revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
This document is a senior thesis about the history of hair removal among American women from 1914 to 1934. It examines how hair removal was introduced and popularized during this period through the convergence of several factors: the expansion of the men's hair removal industry, changes in women's fashion, and the rise of women's magazines. The thesis analyzes advertising campaigns in Harper's Bazaar and Ladies' Home Journal magazines to understand how the hair removal industry promoted the practice as part of the changing definition of femininity in the 1920s. Both producers and elite female consumers played a role in reconstructing femininity to include hair removal as a new beauty standard during this era.
The document discusses various aspects of freedom, order, and equality in Cuba. It addresses national freedom, political freedom at both the national and individual level, economic freedom, and equality. It also discusses order and how the government maintains order. The document provides references from sources such as Wikipedia and reports from human rights organizations to support its discussion of these topics in Cuba.
The document discusses various aspects of freedom, order, and equality in Cuba. It addresses national freedom, political freedom at both the national and individual level, economic freedom, and equality. It also discusses order and how the government maintains order. The document provides references from sources such as Wikipedia and reports from human rights organizations to support its discussion of these topics in Cuba.
Freeing Culture: Ending Information ClassismBrian Rowe
This document discusses freeing culture and ending information classism. It summarizes that information is power but some seek to keep it for themselves. It then discusses how access to information and culture is restricted through paywalls and copyright, costing over $1.5 million per year for some academic journals. It proposes solutions such as signing open access pledges, creating and remixing open works of art and culture, supporting artists and authors, and civil disobedience through downloading restricted information and sharing it openly.
Stanford Law Review Mapping the Margins Intersection.docxsusanschei
This document summarizes Kimberle Crenshaw's article "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color". It discusses how identity politics in feminism and antiracism have failed to consider intersectional identities like women of color. Specifically, it explores how violence against women of color, such as battering and rape, is often shaped by both racism and sexism. The author argues these experiences are marginalized within dominant resistance discourses and calls for a framework that acknowledges the intersecting race and gender dimensions of violence against women of color.
Argumentative Essay (Technology) BJEL1023Karen Oliver
The document provides instructions for using the writing service HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Essay Expository. Need to Create a Good Expository Essay? Let Us Assist YouAmanda Stephens
Expository Essay: Examples and Tips of a Proper Writing That Will Be .... How to Write an Expository Essay Step by Step. Example of expository paragraph. Expository Essays: Types .... Writing Workshop: Expository/College Essay - Mrs. Guillorys English Class. Expository Essay Examples High School - Samples of expository essays. 008 Essay Example Expository Samples Sample 2 Thatsnotus. How To Write An Expository Essay 7 Best Tips. Free Expository Essay Writing Tips and Guidelines. How to Write an Expository Essay Step by Step - A Guide. Tips on Writing an Excellent Expository Essay. Expository essay introduction. How to Write an Expository Essay. 2019 .... Expository Essay: Quick Guide. Expository Essay Samples: Just The Facts by Sample Essay Medium. Expository Essay - 6 Examples, Format, Pdf Examples. What to write an expository essay on. How to Write an Expository .... Expository Essay Essays Cognition. Expository essay. Expository Writing Essays Thesis. How To Write An Expository Essay in 6 Steps CustomEssayMeister.com. Expository Essay Sample: Academic Guide. Expository Essay ExamplesGreat Topic Ideas Pro Essay Help. Need to Create a Good Expository Essay? Let Us Assist You. Expository Essay. Expository essay template. Expository Essay. 2022-10-19. Expository Essays. What Is an Expository Essay? Examples and Guide YourDictionary. Descriptive Essay: Expository essay definition and examples. Reflection essay: Expository definition and examples. Samples Of Expository Essays Telegraph. How To Write Expository Essay Sketsa Essay Expository Essay Expository. Need to Create a Good Expository Essay? Let Us Assist You
How To Write A 5 Paragraph Essay 6Th Graders - AderJames Heller
The document provides instructions for creating an account on HelpWriting.net in order to request that a writer complete an assignment. It outlines the 5 step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email, 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased, 5) Request revisions until satisfied. The purpose is to outline how to obtain writing help from the site.
This document provides annotations for 5 sources related to the Black Lives Matter movement:
1) A website created by the founders of the Black Lives Matter movement to build connections and fight anti-black racism.
2) A website with a similar name and mission of ending diversity, but it is not credible due to lack of authorship.
3) A book examining how black individuals and organizations have engaged with leftist political movements over time. It is a credible academic source.
4) A journal article discussing racial injustices, police violence, and their public health impacts from a scholarly perspective. It is a credible source written by experts.
5) A magazine article about how Black Lives Matter is becoming politic
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 201310 Project Management Que.docxedwardmarivel
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 2013
10 Project Management Questions with sub-questions under each question. A word document is provided with all questions and directions.
Problem 1
The following data were obtained from a project to create a new portable electronic.
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
6 Days
---
C
8 Days
---
D
4 Days
A, B
E
3 Days
C
F
5 Days
D
G
5 Days
E, F
H
9 Days
D
I
12 Days
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
What is the Scheduled Completion of the Project?
b)
What is the Critical Path of the Project?
c)
What is the ES for Activity D?
d)
What is the LS for Activity G?
e)
What is the EF for Activity B?
f)
What is the LF for Activity H?
g)
What is the float for Activity I?
Problem 2
The following data were obtained from a project to build a pressure vessel:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
6 weeks
---
B
6 weeks
---
C
5 weeks
B
D
4 weeks
A, C
E
5 weeks
B
F
7 weeks
D, E, G
G
4 weeks
B
H
8 weeks
F
I
5 weeks
G
J
3 week
I
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 3
The following data were obtained from a project to design a new software package:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
6 Days
A
D
4 Days
C, B
E
5 Days
A
F
4 Days
D, E, G
G
4 Days
B, C
H
3 Day
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path(s)
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity B?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 4
The following data were obtained from an in-house MIS project:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
5 Days
A
D
4 Days
B
E
5 Days
B
F
3 Day
C, D
G
7 Days
C, D
H
6 Days
E, F, G
I
9 Days
E, F
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e)
What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f)
What is the slack time (float) for activity F?
PROBLEM 5
Use the network diagram below and the additional information provided to answer the corresponding questions.
a) Give the crash cost per day per activity.
b) Which activities should be crash.
More Related Content
Similar to Davis, Angela Y. (Foreword by); Wing, Adrien Katherine (Ed.docx
McDuffie, Garvyeism in Chicago, ABD, 8, 2, 2015Erik McDuffie
This article analyzes the history of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Chicago from the 1920s to the 1960s. Garvey's message of black pride, African redemption, and self-determination resonated with thousands of black Chicagoans who joined the UNIA. Chicago was a stronghold of the movement, with some of the largest UNIA divisions in the world. Although membership declined by the 1930s, Garveyism remained influential through various black nationalist and left-wing groups. The article aims to shed light on this underexplored aspect of Chicago's history and its role in the broader African diaspora.
Kurdish Americans will hold a hunger strike outside the White House from October 27th to 31st to raise awareness of Yezidi and Christian women and girls captured by ISIS who are being raped, tortured, and sold into sexual slavery. On the final day, there will be a mock sex slave auction in front of the White House to generate support for urgent efforts to rescue the women and girls. The hunger strikers and their supporters call on the US and others to take immediate action to locate and save the innocent women and girls from ISIS before it is too late.
This document discusses various animals found in Antarctica, focusing on Adelie penguins. It provides details on the size, population, and some interesting facts about Adelie penguins as well as other Antarctic birds like emperor penguins, snow petrels, polar skuas, and albatrosses. Key details about each species' weight, wingspan, population numbers, diet, and other distinguishing characteristics are highlighted.
This document outlines a 5-step process for requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It explains how to create an account, submit a request with instructions and sources, review bids from writers and choose one, authorize payment after receiving the paper, and request revisions if needed. It emphasizes HelpWriting.net's commitment to original, high-quality work and full refunds for plagiarized content.
Horse Sense Essay Contest. Online assignment writing service.Crystal Hall
The document discusses how brands can gain successful exposure in the market and build relationships with consumers. It notes that some brands, like Apple, may not follow typical advised procedures but are still very successful. The study aims to investigate if there are exceptions to the current rules of brand communications and exposure by examining standard practices, then comparing them to a survey of Apple consumers' opinions.
This document contains a series of photographs from various decades depicting protests related to Roe v. Wade from the 1970s to the 2020s. The photographs are from both CNN and the New York Times and show a variety of individuals of different ages, genders and races either advocating for or against abortion rights. The captions provide context about the protests and use words like "protest", "demonstration" and "advocate" to describe the events pictured. The document examines how media portrayals of Roe v. Wade protests have changed over time.
Essay On Importance Of Time Management In Our LifeErin Byers
The document outlines a 5-step process for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications.
4. Receive the paper and ensure it meets expectations before authorizing payment.
5. Request revisions until fully satisfied with the high-quality, original content. Refunds are offered for plagiarized work.
Purveyors of Environmental Justice: Edward Abbey's "Monkey Wrench Gang"Tiffany Anderson
The border wall, flanked by a road on both sides, is shockingly ecologically harmful. Edward Abbey’s fictional eco-saboteurs rebelling against a military-industrial complex are relevant to real life protestors against the border wall. A very small minority of people will practice eco-sabotage, because of its fatal potential, but a much larger percentage will support the cause non-criminally. Edward Abbey’s “Monkey Wrench Gang” would have actively contested the building of the border wall if the novel had taken place in this decade rather than the 1970s.
Environmentalists have made winning strides with legislation, but Congress allowed the Department of Homeland Security to waive environmental and conservation laws if they impeded the construction of the border wall. Since Big Brother changed the rules, rendering legal avenues ineffective, audiences can find cheap solace as the “monkey wrenchers” rally for environmental justice by destroying billboards, bulldozers, bridges and dams.
Best Steps To Write A Research Paper In. Online assignment writing service.Robin Anderson
The document provides a 5-step process for writing a research paper through the website HelpWriting.net. The steps include: 1) Creating an account on the site; 2) Completing an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Reviewing bids from writers and choosing one; 4) Reviewing the completed paper and authorizing payment; 5) Requesting revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
This document is a senior thesis about the history of hair removal among American women from 1914 to 1934. It examines how hair removal was introduced and popularized during this period through the convergence of several factors: the expansion of the men's hair removal industry, changes in women's fashion, and the rise of women's magazines. The thesis analyzes advertising campaigns in Harper's Bazaar and Ladies' Home Journal magazines to understand how the hair removal industry promoted the practice as part of the changing definition of femininity in the 1920s. Both producers and elite female consumers played a role in reconstructing femininity to include hair removal as a new beauty standard during this era.
The document discusses various aspects of freedom, order, and equality in Cuba. It addresses national freedom, political freedom at both the national and individual level, economic freedom, and equality. It also discusses order and how the government maintains order. The document provides references from sources such as Wikipedia and reports from human rights organizations to support its discussion of these topics in Cuba.
The document discusses various aspects of freedom, order, and equality in Cuba. It addresses national freedom, political freedom at both the national and individual level, economic freedom, and equality. It also discusses order and how the government maintains order. The document provides references from sources such as Wikipedia and reports from human rights organizations to support its discussion of these topics in Cuba.
Freeing Culture: Ending Information ClassismBrian Rowe
This document discusses freeing culture and ending information classism. It summarizes that information is power but some seek to keep it for themselves. It then discusses how access to information and culture is restricted through paywalls and copyright, costing over $1.5 million per year for some academic journals. It proposes solutions such as signing open access pledges, creating and remixing open works of art and culture, supporting artists and authors, and civil disobedience through downloading restricted information and sharing it openly.
Stanford Law Review Mapping the Margins Intersection.docxsusanschei
This document summarizes Kimberle Crenshaw's article "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color". It discusses how identity politics in feminism and antiracism have failed to consider intersectional identities like women of color. Specifically, it explores how violence against women of color, such as battering and rape, is often shaped by both racism and sexism. The author argues these experiences are marginalized within dominant resistance discourses and calls for a framework that acknowledges the intersecting race and gender dimensions of violence against women of color.
Argumentative Essay (Technology) BJEL1023Karen Oliver
The document provides instructions for using the writing service HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Essay Expository. Need to Create a Good Expository Essay? Let Us Assist YouAmanda Stephens
Expository Essay: Examples and Tips of a Proper Writing That Will Be .... How to Write an Expository Essay Step by Step. Example of expository paragraph. Expository Essays: Types .... Writing Workshop: Expository/College Essay - Mrs. Guillorys English Class. Expository Essay Examples High School - Samples of expository essays. 008 Essay Example Expository Samples Sample 2 Thatsnotus. How To Write An Expository Essay 7 Best Tips. Free Expository Essay Writing Tips and Guidelines. How to Write an Expository Essay Step by Step - A Guide. Tips on Writing an Excellent Expository Essay. Expository essay introduction. How to Write an Expository Essay. 2019 .... Expository Essay: Quick Guide. Expository Essay Samples: Just The Facts by Sample Essay Medium. Expository Essay - 6 Examples, Format, Pdf Examples. What to write an expository essay on. How to Write an Expository .... Expository Essay Essays Cognition. Expository essay. Expository Writing Essays Thesis. How To Write An Expository Essay in 6 Steps CustomEssayMeister.com. Expository Essay Sample: Academic Guide. Expository Essay ExamplesGreat Topic Ideas Pro Essay Help. Need to Create a Good Expository Essay? Let Us Assist You. Expository Essay. Expository essay template. Expository Essay. 2022-10-19. Expository Essays. What Is an Expository Essay? Examples and Guide YourDictionary. Descriptive Essay: Expository essay definition and examples. Reflection essay: Expository definition and examples. Samples Of Expository Essays Telegraph. How To Write Expository Essay Sketsa Essay Expository Essay Expository. Need to Create a Good Expository Essay? Let Us Assist You
How To Write A 5 Paragraph Essay 6Th Graders - AderJames Heller
The document provides instructions for creating an account on HelpWriting.net in order to request that a writer complete an assignment. It outlines the 5 step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email, 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased, 5) Request revisions until satisfied. The purpose is to outline how to obtain writing help from the site.
This document provides annotations for 5 sources related to the Black Lives Matter movement:
1) A website created by the founders of the Black Lives Matter movement to build connections and fight anti-black racism.
2) A website with a similar name and mission of ending diversity, but it is not credible due to lack of authorship.
3) A book examining how black individuals and organizations have engaged with leftist political movements over time. It is a credible academic source.
4) A journal article discussing racial injustices, police violence, and their public health impacts from a scholarly perspective. It is a credible source written by experts.
5) A magazine article about how Black Lives Matter is becoming politic
Similar to Davis, Angela Y. (Foreword by); Wing, Adrien Katherine (Ed.docx (20)
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 201310 Project Management Que.docxedwardmarivel
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 2013
10 Project Management Questions with sub-questions under each question. A word document is provided with all questions and directions.
Problem 1
The following data were obtained from a project to create a new portable electronic.
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
6 Days
---
C
8 Days
---
D
4 Days
A, B
E
3 Days
C
F
5 Days
D
G
5 Days
E, F
H
9 Days
D
I
12 Days
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
What is the Scheduled Completion of the Project?
b)
What is the Critical Path of the Project?
c)
What is the ES for Activity D?
d)
What is the LS for Activity G?
e)
What is the EF for Activity B?
f)
What is the LF for Activity H?
g)
What is the float for Activity I?
Problem 2
The following data were obtained from a project to build a pressure vessel:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
6 weeks
---
B
6 weeks
---
C
5 weeks
B
D
4 weeks
A, C
E
5 weeks
B
F
7 weeks
D, E, G
G
4 weeks
B
H
8 weeks
F
I
5 weeks
G
J
3 week
I
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 3
The following data were obtained from a project to design a new software package:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
6 Days
A
D
4 Days
C, B
E
5 Days
A
F
4 Days
D, E, G
G
4 Days
B, C
H
3 Day
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path(s)
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity B?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 4
The following data were obtained from an in-house MIS project:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
5 Days
A
D
4 Days
B
E
5 Days
B
F
3 Day
C, D
G
7 Days
C, D
H
6 Days
E, F, G
I
9 Days
E, F
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e)
What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f)
What is the slack time (float) for activity F?
PROBLEM 5
Use the network diagram below and the additional information provided to answer the corresponding questions.
a) Give the crash cost per day per activity.
b) Which activities should be crash.
DEADLINE 15 HOURS
6 PAGES
UNDERGRADUATE
COURSEWORK
HARVARD FORMATING
DOUBLE SPACING
INSTRUCTIONS
This assignment seeks to assess your ability to:
• Critically evaluate and discuss the major developments during 2017 in corporate taxation from the perspective of multinational companies and their auditors, governments and other stakeholders.
• Apply appropriate knowledge, analytical techniques and concepts to problems and issues arising from both familiar and unfamiliar situations;
• Think critically, examine problems and issues from a number of perspectives, challenge viewpoints, ideas and concepts and make well-reasoned judgements;
• Present, discuss and defend ideas, concepts and views effectively through formal language.
Background:
In the final weeks of 2017 a leading tax expert suggested that “a whirlwind of international tax changes has swept the globe”. He also went on to say that for companies operating in Europe there is no end in sight to the pace of change. The final recommendations on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) from the OECD have been endorsed by the EU. In fact a number of European governments have already implemented large parts of these proposals ahead of schedule.
The third quarter of the year saw the European Commission in the spotlight with its landmark decision that the technology giant Apple must repay no less than €13 billion of taxes to the Irish government. This ruling was based on the view that the favourable tax treatment was effectively state aid and hence the Irish government had broken EU law. At the same time countries across the world continue to compete by reducing the rate of corporate taxes. Many commentators suggest that the UK government will cut the corporate tax rate to 10% if the country fails to negotiate a trade deal with the European Union as part of the Brexit process. In a separate development earlier in the year the government of Hungary announced it would become the tax haven of Central Europe with a plan to reduce corporation tax to a mere 9%.
Required:
You are to write a report for the Board of Directors of a listed global company that has manufacturing and R&D activities across Europe, Asia, Australasia and America. The report should assume that the directors have detailed knowledge of the group activities but are not taxation specialists. However they would be aware of issues relating to corporate governance, transparency and reputational risks.
The report should cover the following aspects:
Evaluate the major developments that occurred in corporate taxation in 2017 and the issues that may arise in the current year.
Discuss the implications for the group in regard to the relationship with its auditors.
Consider how other stakeholders and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) may be affected by changes in the level of corporate taxes and their possible reaction.
The resources below are on Blackboard and provide an introduction to the topic.
“Corpor.
De nada.El gusto es mío.Encantada.Me llamo Pepe.Muy bien, grac.docxedwardmarivel
Este documento presenta varios diálogos y conversaciones cortas que incluyen saludos comunes, preguntas sobre el origen y el nombre de las personas, y despedidas. Los diálogos practican vocabulario y estructuras básicas de conversación en español.
DDL 24 hours reading the article and writing a 1-page doubl.docxedwardmarivel
DDL:
24 hours
reading the article and writing a
1-page double space
annotated bibliography
including:
1.reference
2.specify the concept you will use
3.explain its significance to the course
4.specify how you'll use it in your project
see the article and project inf below
.
*
DCF valuation methodSuper-normal growth modelApplications: single CF, annuity, perpetuity, uneven CFs, bond, stock, etc.
LECTURE 2 Valuation Basics
(Chapters 4, 6, 7)
*
Amount of cash flows expectedRisk of the cash flows Timing of the cash flow stream
Factors that Determine Value
*
DCF Method: General Formula
Finding PVs is discounting. The discount factor i is determined by the cost of capital invested.
*
10%
Single Cash Flow
100
0
1
2
3
PV = ?
What’s the PV of $100 due in 3 years if i = 10%?
*
Financial Calculator Setup
BGN END
P/Y 1
FORMAT: DEC 4 or larger
*
Financial Calculator
Solution
s
N I/YR PV PMTFV
?
N = 3, I/YR = 10, PMT = 0, FV = 100
CPT, PV
-75.13
/
INPUTS
OUTPUT
*
Spreadsheet
.
DDBA 8307 Week 2 Assignment Exemplar
John Doe[footnoteRef:1] [1: Type your name here]
DDBA 8307-6[footnoteRef:2] [2: Type in DDBA section number (e.g. DDBA 8307 – 6) ]
Dr. Jane Doe[footnoteRef:3] [3: Enter faculty name here.]
1
Scales of Measurement
Type text here. Discuss the implications of “scales of measurement” in quantitative research. Be sure to use a minimum of two citations to support your position(s). Be sure to review the “Scales of Measurement” media from Week 1. This section should be no more than two paragraphs.
Research Question
What are the means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages of the Lesson 21 Exercise File variables?
Presentation of Findings
I analyzed data from Lesson 21 Exercise File [footnoteRef:4]. In this section, I present descriptive statistics for the study quantitative and qualitative variables. Appropriate APA tables and figures accompany the analysis[footnoteRef:5]. [4: Insert the appropriate file name. ] [5: The tables and figures from your SPSS output will need to be copied and pasted in the appropriate location.]
Descriptive Statistics[footnoteRef:6] [6: Detailed information can be found in Lesson 20, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Qualitative Variables,” and Lesson 21, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Variables,” in the Green and Salkind text.
]
Descriptive statistics were run for the quantitative and qualitative variables in the Week 1 Assignment data set. Table 1 depicts the means and standard deviations for the quantitative data. Figure 1 depicts a histogram for the GPA variable. Table 2 depicts the frequencies and percentages for the qualitative (categorical) data. Figure 2 depicts a pie chart for the ethnic variable. Appendix 1 depicts the SPSS output.
Table 1[footnoteRef:7] [7: This is an example of an APA-formatted descriptive statistics table. Refer to Sections 5.01-5.19, in the APA Manual for detailed information on APA tables. The descriptive statistics table here includes the appropriate information derived from the SPSS output that is to be pasted as an appendix. Do not split tables across pages. Note: The numbers in the SPSS output presented here are fictitious numbers and do not represent correct numbers in the data set you will use for this application.
]
Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD) for Study
Quantitative Variables (N = 105)
Variable[footnoteRef:8] [8: You would simply add rows to the table to accommodate the variables you have used in the analysis (i.e., variable 3, variable 4, etc.). Hint: Use the Microsoft Word Table feature.
]
M
SD
GPA
2.78
.76
Final
61.48
7.94
Percent
80.34
12.12
Figure 1. Histogram of GPA distribution.
Table 2[footnoteRef:9] [9: Recall from Lesson 20, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Qualitative Variables” (Green & Salkind, 2017), frequencies and percentages are reported for qualitative (nominal) variables. Note: Frequency and percentages are the only c.
DBM380 v14Create a DatabaseDBM380 v14Page 2 of 2Create a D.docxedwardmarivel
DBM/380 v14
Create a Database
DBM/380 v14
Page 2 of 2Create a Database
The following assignment is based on the business scenario for which you created both an entity-relationship diagram and a normalized database design in Week 2.
For this assignment, you will create multiple related tables that match your normalized database design. In other words, you will implement a physical design (an actual, usable database) based on a logical design.
Refer to the linked W3Schools.com articles “SQL CREATE TABLE Statement,” “SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint,” “SQL FOREIGN KEY Constraint,” and “SQL INSERT INTO Statement” for help in completing this assignment.
Note: In the industry, even the most carefully thought out database designs can contain mistakes. Feel free to correct in your tables any mistakes you notice in your normalized database design. Also, note that in Microsoft® Access®, you follow the steps below to launch the SQL editor:
Figure 1. To create a SQL query in Microsoft® Access®, begin by clicking the CREATE tab.
To Complete This Assignment:
1. Use the CREATE TABLE statement to create each table in your design. Note that a table in a RDMS corresponds to an entity in an entity-relationship diagram. Recommended tables for this assignment are CUSTOMER, ORDER, ORDER_DETAIL, PRODUCT, EMPLOYEE, and STORE.
2. As part of each CREATE TABLE statement, define all of the columns, or fields, that you want each particular table to contain. Give them short, meaningful names and include constraints; that is, describe what type of data each column (field) is allowed to hold and any other constraints, such as size, range, or uniqueness.
3. Note that any field you marked as a unique identifier in your normalized database design is a key field. Key fields must be described as both UNIQUE and NOT NULL, which means a value must exist for each record and that value must be unique across all records.
4. After you have created all six tables, including relationships between the tables as appropriate (matching the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table), use the INSERT INTO statement to insert 10 records into each of your tables. You will need to make up the data you insert into your tables. For example, to insert one record into the CUSTOMER table, you will need to invent a customer number, a customer name, and so on—one value for each of the fields you defined for the CUSTOMER table—to insert into the table.
5. To ensure that your INSERT INTO statements succeeded in populating your tables, use the SELECT statement described in Ch. 7, “Introduction to Structured Query Language,” in Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management.to retrieve the records you inserted. For example, to see all 10 records you inserted into the CUSTOMER table, you might apply the following SQL statement: SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;
After you have created all six tables and populated ten records in each table, submit to the Assignment Files tab the database containin.
DB3.1 Mexico corruptionDiscuss the connection between pol.docxedwardmarivel
DB3.1: Mexico corruption
Discuss the connection between politics, corruption, and criminal organizations in Mexico. How would you go about separating these? Give examples and be specific. Support your ideas on why you would do these specific measures.
DB3.2: Collapse of Soviet Union
How has the collapse of the Soviet Union fostered pirate capitalism and organized crime? Be specific with your answer and support your answer. Do you think that if the Soviet Union did not collapse pirate capitalism and organized crime would still flourish? Support your opinion.
300 words per post
.
DB2Pepsi Co and Coke American beverage giants, must adhere to th.docxedwardmarivel
DB2
Pepsi Co and Coke American beverage giants, must adhere to the U.S Foreign Corruption Act wherever their businesses may take them. Both companies expanded their U.S businesses to India with differing initial results. Coke came home (initially) and Pepsi Co prospered.
Do your research and explain the socio-cultural barriers faced by these two companies? What in your view were the reasons which negatively impacted Coke and positively touched Pepsi Co?
WEEK 3:
Interactive
: Select one company other than the 2 mentioned above, and share this company’s experience in the United Arab Emirates. Comment on another learner’s company experience in a different location of the world.
WEEK 4:
Interactive
: Comment on a different learner’s company experience in a totally different location from those completed earlier. Do you feel that cultural training is an essential pre-requisite for expatriates in any host country? Why/Why not?
Remember to use APA referencing in the body of your posting.
.
DB1 What Ive observedHave you ever experienced a self-managed .docxedwardmarivel
DB1: What I've observed
Have you ever experienced a self-managed team? If so, describe it. If not, why do you think your organization has not embraced self managed teams?
DB2: Case Analysis
Review the case study at the end of Chapter 8, Frederick W. Smith - FedEx. Answer the five questions below:
1. How do the standards set by Fred Smith for FedEx teams improve organizational performance?
2. What motivates the members of FedEx to remain highly engaged in their teams?
3. Describe the role FedEx managers play in facilitating team effectiveness.
4. What types of teams does FedEx use? Provide evidence from the case to support your answer.
5. Leaders play a critical role in building effective teams. Cite evidence from the case that FedEx managers performed some of these roles in developing effective teams.
Image Source Team:
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/gallery-thumbnails.php?id=50143103253525199427035558
.
DB Response 1I agree with the decision to search the house. Ther.docxedwardmarivel
DB Response 1
I agree with the decision to search the house. There was reasonable suspicion to believe the fugitive could have been in the home. The homeowner not only consented to the search of the house but requested it for her safety. Complacency kills. In this situation, the officer is very regretful in his decision to conduct a complacent search of the home, and luckily nobody was killed.
My department does not have body cameras, but I still conduct business as if somebody is recording me. We live in a generation of surveillance. You never know when there are hidden cameras, a camera on a business you did not notice, or a cell phone recording from the top floor of a building. We hire police officers with high amounts of integrity because the definition of integrity is doing the right thing even when nobody is looking. I would be lying if I said my grandmother would approve of everything I do on the job. I am most guilty of foul language and it is something that I am working on not doing that. However, I can emphatically say I work with integrity and honesty without a doubt.
I think setting limits on tolerable behavior in regards to sexual and general harassment is appropriate; however, there are too many situations to make a policy for every behavior one could find inappropriate. When it comes to using force again every situation is different but there should be a pretty well laid out policy at departments for when and how an officer should use a certain amount of force. Officers should be trained on de-escalation tactics and alternatives to using force. Tactical training should include strategies to create time, space, and distance, to reduce the likelihood that force will be necessary and should occur in realistic conditions appropriate to the department’s location (U.S. Commission On Civil Rights, 2018).
Philippians 2 verses 3 – 8 is a pretty straightforward verse with great leadership lessons. Be humble, put others before yourself, and be a servant leader.
From the very beginning of any interrogation, the accused has constitutional rights not to speak to police and also to have an attorney present. The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishments placed upon any persons in the U.S. With these rights in mind I will only go as far as the Constitution allows when interrogating this suspect even if the suspect admits where the child is if the admission was coerced that admission could get thrown out of court. I would never compromise the investigation. There are other ways to find the abducted girl through detective work than just interrogating the suspect. The cost of illegal interrogations is documented in the number of lost prosecutions. Literally, thousands of cases across the country have had to be dismissed because prosecutors could not trust that the evidence provided by police officers was legitimate or the officer had lost credibility as a witness in all cases because of his or her wrongdoing (P.
DB Response prompt ZAKChapter 7, Q1.Customers are expecting.docxedwardmarivel
DB Response prompt ZAK
Chapter 7, Q1.
Customers are expecting more from their service providers. Rather than traditionally accepting boilerplate offerings from service providers, customers desire that service providers cater to their requests. Organizations providing services must keep up with the customer’s demand or risk losing business to others who will. Many service providers have been adopting lean principles to accommodate the needs of their customers in successful attempts to decrease waste, increase efficiency, improve customer service and satisfaction (Daft, 2016, p. 275). From online music providers, customers expect music tracks personalized for their tastes. From airlines, customers can expect preflight seat and meal selections. Amazon.com provides custom personalization to a customers’ home pages by placing personally directed advertisements and products which the customer is more likely to order from the company. Amazon book recommendations are personalized to the specific customer and are provided based upon previous books read. With customers expecting customized and catered experiences, companies need to keep up with this demand and embrace mass customization in order to obtain and retain customers.
Chapter 7, Q2.
While many facets of businesses may involve craft technology, it is still important for business schools to teach management. Some businesses which only expect their leaders to gain knowledge and expertise from experience, may be creating a bureaucratic and restricted model for their business. Companies which rely only on internal training for their leaders can miss opportunities from potential leaders coming in from the outside. Business schools which teach management can provide potential leaders with a foundation to draw from. Teaching management can expose students to issues and opportunities experienced by others, not just ones restricted to one specific company. Teaching management from a textbook is just one method of conveying information. Just as one would not necessarily be proficient in piloting a boat from reading a book, a textbook about doing so would provide the student with underlying concepts which could dramatically increase the success of the student when they move to an actual boat. This textbook based training would be further enhanced with some practical experience.
Chapter 8, Q1.
Technology has progressed allowing real time instant messaging and virtual meetings. High level managers can indeed expect technology to allow them to do their jobs with little face-to-face communication, but they should question if that is something they really want to do. There are currently methods available which could be used effectively to communicate with subordinates, employees and stockholders, such as recorded feeds which would be able to reach every associated individual. These however may not provide a sense of personalization from the managers. Leaders in an organization may resort to using tec.
DB Topic of Discussion Information-related CapabilitiesAnalyze .docxedwardmarivel
DB Topic of Discussion: Information-related Capabilities
Analyze 2 of the 14 information-related capabilities and explain how the joint force can use these capabilities to affect the three dimensions of the information environment. Give examples of real-world or life events for the capabilities and how can you use these concepts as a CSM/SGM.
Consumer Brand Metrics Q3 2015
Eater Archetypes:
Brand usage and preferences by consumer segment
The restaurant industry has long relied on demographic factors to
identify and prioritize consumer groups. For example, many
brands currently obsess over attracting Millennials—some
without pausing to consider the variations among consumers
within this demographic cohort. In addition to life stages,
consumer attitudes about health, value, convenience and the
overall role of foodservice in their lives drive significant
differences in preferences and behavior.
With these distinctions in mind, we have updated the Consumer
Brand Metrics (CBM) survey with questions that allow us to
segment consumers into one of seven Eater Archetypes. Each
segment has a distinct psychographic profile, which is outlined in
our recent Consumer Foodservice Landscape. Accordingly, their
patronage of the segments and brands tracked in CBM varies.
This paper explores some differences we can discern after the
initial quarterly results, including the archetypes’ segment usage,
brand patronage and occasion dynamics. Examining CBM data by
Eater Archetype reveals nuances that complement a demographic
profile of a chain’s guests.
By Colleen Rothman, Manager, Consumer Insights
To learn more about the Consumer Brand Metrics program or to sign up for future
Spotlight by Consumer Brand Metrics white papers, please contact Bart Henyan,
Senior Marketing Manager, at [email protected]
Consumer Brand Metrics Q3 2015
Segmenting consumers by psychographic factors, rather than
just demographic characteristics, can lead to a better
understanding of the consumers that matter to your brand and
how to appeal to them.
Key Takeaways
Busy Balancers and Functional Eaters drive usage across
restaurants and convenience stores. Full-service restaurant
(FSR) operators may also consider targeting Foodservice
Hobbyists and Affluent Socializers, as these archetypes
comprise more than a quarter of FSR patrons, on average.
How does foodservice segment usage vary by archetype?
Driven by unique needs and motivations, Eater Archetypes
gravitate to a wide variety of brands. For example,
McDonald’s, Burger King and Whataburger each
disproportionately attract unique archetypes (Habitual
Matures, Bargain Hunters and Functional Eaters,
respectively).
Which chains do each archetype visit most frequently?
Archetypes that patronize the same restaurant may not use
the brand the same way. For example, usage varies by
daypart, with afternoon snacks skewing to Busy Balancers
and late-night meals d.
DB Instructions Each reply must be 250–300 words with a minim.docxedwardmarivel
DB Instructions:
Each reply must be 250–300 words with a minimum of 1 scholarly source. The scholarly source used for your thread and response should be in addition to the class textbooks.
Reference Book: Young, M. (2017). Learning the Art of Helping. Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN: 9780134165783.
.
DB Defining White Collar CrimeHow would you define white co.docxedwardmarivel
DB: Defining White Collar Crime
How would you define white collar crime? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the various terms, such as “white collar crime,” “crimes of the powerful,” “elite deviance,” etc., used to describe the type of crimes.
300 Word Minimum
.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
9. TitleUntitled-61Untitled-62Untitled-63Untitled-64Untitled-
65Untitled-66Untitled-67Untitled-68Untitled-69Untitled-
70Untitled-71Untitled-72Untitled-73Untitled-74Untitled-
75Untitled-76Untitled-77
Work, Immigration, Gender: New Subjects of Cultural Politics
Author(s): Lisa Lowe
Source: Social Justice, Vol. 25, No. 3 (73), Crossing Lines:
Revisioning U.S. Race Relations (Fall
1998), pp. 31-49
Published by: Social Justice/Global Options
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29767084 .
Accessed: 18/04/2013 21:45
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the
Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars,
researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information
technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new
forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please
contact [email protected]
.
Social Justice/Global Options is collaborating with JSTOR to
digitize, preserve and extend access to Social
10. Justice.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=socju
sgloopt
http://www.jstor.org/stable/29767084?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender:
New Subjects of Cultural Politics
Lisa Lowe
Hello, my name is Fu Lee. I am 41 years old, married, and I
have a 9-year
old daughter. I have been living in Oakland Chinatown since I
left Hong
Kong 12 years ago.... My eyes hurt from straining under poor
lighting;
my throat hurt because of the chemical fumes from the fabric
dye.
Sometimes, I would wear surgical masks so I don't have to
breathe in all
the dust from the fabric. My back never stopped hurting from
bending
over the sewing machine all day. Our boss was like a dictator.
He was
always pushing us to work faster. There was a sign in the shop
11. that said,
"No loud talking. You cannot go to the bathroom." When we did
talk
loudly or laugh during work, he would throw empty boxes at us
and tell
us to go back to work. When there was a rush order, we had to
eat lunch
at our workstation.
Last year, my employer closed his shop and left us holding bad
pay?
checks. We found out that he had filed for bankruptcy and had
no
intention of paying us our meager wages. The 12 Chinese
seamstresses
including myself were so mad. After working so hard under
such
horrendous working conditions, we should at least get our pay.
With the help of Asian Iinmigrant Women Advocates, we began
search?
ing for ways to get our pay....1
Mrs. Fu Lee's testimony at a community hearing initiated by
Asian
Immigrant Women Advocates (AIWA) in Oakland, California,
de?
scribes the conditions of many Asian immigrant women working
within the San Francisco Bay Area garment industry: low-waged
or unpaid labor,
forced increases in productivity through long workdays or
12. speedups, repetitive
manual labor, occupational hazards and environmental toxins,
and no union or
collective bargaining protections. Before the Lucky Sewing Co.
closed shop and
left the sewing women with bad paychecks, Mrs. Lee and the
other seamstresses
Lisa Lowe is on the faculty of the Department of Literature,
University of California, San Diego (9500
Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0410; e-mail:
[email protected]). This essay originally appeared
in The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital, Lisa Lowe
and David Lloyd (eds.), Duke University
Press, 1997.
Social Justice Vol. 25, No. 3 31
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
32 Lowe
were to have been paid five dollars a dress; the subcontractor
was paid $ 10 a dress,
yet each dress was sold by Jessica McClintock, Inc., for $ 175.
In the San Francisco
Bay Area garment industry, women sew clothing that their
meager wages, when
they receive them, will not permit them to buy as commodities.
13. The women work
under physical conditions that are unsafe, unhealthy, and
fatiguing. Furthermore,
the policy of paying the worker by piece exploits the immigrant
women in ways
that extend beyond the extraction of surplus value from hourly
low-waged factory
labor. The incentive to complete as many pieces as possible
assures that the sewing
woman will work overtime without compensation, and will
intensify her produc?
tivity even if it results in exhaustion or personal injury. Because
many are non
English or little-English-speaking women and consider their
employment options
limited, and because eight out of 10 Chinatown immigrant
families with multiple
wage earners say they would "barely get by" if there were but
one breadwinner in
the family, these women are forced to accept the payment
conditions dictated by
the employer (see Loo, 1991).
Mrs. Lee, in collaboration with AIWA and the other women
workers, has
produced an important testimony that at once connects her life
as a Chinese
immigrant woman with her struggle as a worker who desires
economic justice.
Struggles for empowerment are often exclusively understood
within the frame?
14. works of legal, political, and economic institutions; the
subjectivity of Mrs. Lee
can be comprehended in relation to systemic oppression and
systemic change. Yet,
an important link in this relation is the production of individual
and collective
subjectivities through cultural forms and practices. In this
sense, Mrs. Lee's
testimony is compelling not only for the facts it relates, but also
for the way it poses
relations between those facts. The narrative progression charts a
movement from
being an aggrieved seamstress to forging a collective campaign
for back pay; it
inspires identification that has helped to build community
solidarity around the
immigrant garment workers. In addition, Mrs. Lee's testimony
conveys the
manner in which the factory extracted surplus value not only
through her "labor"
as an abstract form, but also from using and manipulating her
body itself: from her
eyes that strained under poor lighting, her throat that hurt
because of the chemical
fumes from the fabric dye, and her back that ached from being
bent over the sewing
machine all day. Where Mrs. Lee's narrative evokes her
conscious, embodied
relation to work, it also refuses the isolation of each part as
separate sites to be
15. instrumentally exploited; her narrative integrates the sites of
bodily exploitation
as constitutive parts of the value of her labor, as well as of the
process in which she
becomes a "political" subject. Furthermore, as the narrative
moves from her
description of embodied exploitation to the decision to take
collective political
action, it alludes to her experiences as a woman, as a mother, as
a Chinese
immigrant, and as a worker, also refusing the atomization of the
conditions that
issue from patriarchal subordination, racialized immigration,
segregation, and
labor exploitation. Mrs. Lee's narrative does not reduce her
political identity or
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 33
actions to one cause or origin; it instead brings together the
dimensions of her
material and political subjectivity, and in that process,
illuminates the intersecting
axes of exploitation she inhabits and the differentiating
operations of contempo?
rary capital that exploit precisely through the selection and
16. reproduction of
racially, culturally, and gendered specific labor power.
Forms of individual and collective narrative are not merely
representations
disconnected from "real" political life; neither are these
expressions "transparent"
records of histories of struggle. Rather, these forms
? life stories, oral histories,
histories of community, and literature
? are crucial media that connect subjects
to social relations. To consider testimony and testimonial as
constituting a "genre"
of cultural production is significant for Asian immigrant
women, for it extends the
scope of what constitutes legitimate knowledges to include
other forms and
practices that have been traditionally excluded from both
empirical and aesthetic
modes of evaluation. Yet, as Chandra Talpade Mohanty has
observed of Third
World women's narratives, they are in themselves:
not evidence of decentering hegemonic histories and
subjectivities. It is
the way in which they are read, understood, and located
institutionally
which is of paramount importance. After all, the point is not
just "to
record" one's history of struggle, or consciousness, but how
they are
17. recorded; the way we read, receive, and disseminate such
imaginative
records is immensely significant (Talpade Mohanty, 1991: 34).
"The way we read, receive, and disseminate" Mrs. Lee's
testimony may be, in
one context, to cite it as evidence in a hearing to protest the
abuse of Asian
immigrant garment industry workers; in this context, Mrs. Lee's
testimony
contributed to AIWA's campaign, which succeeded in
establishing Jessica
McClintock's responsibility for the subcontractor. In another,
and not mutually
exclusive, context, the way we read Mrs. Lee's testimony may
be to place it in
relation to other cultural forms that make use of different
techniques of narration.
Such a reading need not level the differences between evidential
forms that gain
meaning on the horizon of the "empirical" and literary or art
forms that are more
commonly interpreted on the horizon of the "aesthetic." The aim
is not to
"aestheticize" the testimonial text, but rather to displace the
categorizing drive of
disciplinary formations that would delimit the transgressive
force of articulations
within regulative epistemological or evaluative boundaries. This
mode of reading
and reception seeks to situate different cultural forms in
18. relation to shared social
and historical processes, and to make active the dialectic that
necessarily exists
between those forms because of their common imbrication in
those processes. It
is to understand Asian American cultural production critically
and broadly and to
interpret the interconnections between testimony, personal
narrative, oral history,
literature, film, visual arts, and other cultural forms, as sites
through which subject,
community, and struggle are signified and mediated. While
specifying the
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
34 Lowe
differences between forms, this understanding of cultural
production troubles both
the strictly empirical foundations of social science and the
universalizing tenden?
cies of aesthetic discourse. In this mode, we can read testimony
as more than a neo
positivist "truth," as a complex mediating genre that selects,
conveys, and
connects "facts" in particular ways, without reducing social
contradiction or
19. compartmentalizing the individual as a site of resolution.
Likewise, we can read
literary texts like the novel, not merely as the aesthetic framing
of a "private"
transcendence, but as a form that may narrate the dissolution or
impossibility of
the "private" domain in the context of the material conditions of
work, geography,
gender, and race. In this sense, cultural forms of many kinds are
important media
in the formation of oppositional narratives, and crucial to the
imagination and
rearticulation of new forms of political subjectivity,
collectivity, and practice.
This notion of cultural production as a site for the formation of
new political
subjects serves to focus the next section, in which I discuss the
current construction
of Asian immigrant women's work within the context of what
we might term the
"racialized feminization of labor" in the global restructuring of
capitalism. The
location of Asian immigrant women's work
? at the intersection of processes of
immigration, racialization, labor exploitation, and patriarchal
gender relations
?
marks that work as irreducible to the concept of "abstract
labor," and distinguishes
the subjectivity it constitutes as unassimilable to an abstract
political identity or to
20. a singular narrative of emancipation implied by that identity.
Hence, it is often in
cultural forms and practices, broadly defined, that we find the
most powerful
articulation of this complex subjectivity, and through those
forms and practices
that an alternative "politicization" of that subject is mediated.
Furthermore, the
focus on women's work within the global economy as a material
site in which
several axes of domination intersect provides the means for
linking Asian
immigrant and Asian American women with other immigrant
and racialized
women. Asian immigrant and Asian American women are not
simply the most
recent formation within the genealogy of Asian American
racialization; they,
along with women working in the "third world," are the "new"
work force within
the global reorganization of capitalism. In this sense, the active
affiliations of
Asian immigrant and Asian American women are informed by,
yet go beyond,
Asian American cultural identity as it has emerged within the
confines of the U.S.
nation. They are linked to an emergent political formation,
organizing across race,
class, and national boundaries, that includes other racialized
and immigrant groups,
as well as women working in, and immigrating from, the
neocolonized world.
* * *
21. From roughly 1850 to World War II, Asian immigration was the
site for the
eruptions and resolutions of the contradictions between the
national economy and
the political state, and from World War II onward, the locus of
the contradictions
between the nation-state and the global economy. Hence, Asian
immigrant
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 35
women's work must be understood within the history of U.S.
immigration policies
and the attempts to incorporate immigrants into the developing
economy, on the
one hand, and within the global expansion of U.S. capitalism
through colonialism
and global restructuring, on the other. Elsewhere, I have argued
that, in the first
period, the contradiction between the economic need for
inexpensive, tractable
labor and the political need to constitute a homogeneous nation
was "resolved"
through the series of legal exclusions, disenfranchisements, and
restricted enfran?
chisements of Asian immigrants that simultaneously
22. "racialized" these groups as
"non whites" as it consolidated immigrants of diverse European
descent as "white"
(Lowe, 1996). Because of the history in which economic forces
and exigencies
have been mediated through the legal apparatus that racializes
and genders
immigrant subjects, for Asian immigrants and Asian Americans,
class struggles
have always intersected with and been articulated through race
and gender
determinations. In the latter period, the capital imperative has
come into greater
contradiction with the political imperative of the U.S. nation-
state, with capitalism
requiring an economic internationalism to increase labor and
capital, and the state
needing to be politically coherent and hegemonic in world
affairs to determine the
conditions of that internationalism. The expansion that led to
U.S. colonialism and
war in the Philippines, Korea, and Vietnam violently displaced
immigrants from
those nations; the aftermath of the repressed history of U.S.
imperialism in Asia
now materializes in the "return" of Asian immigrants to the
imperial center.2 Both
the racialized, gendered character of Asian immigrant labor
within the emergence
of U.S. capitalism and U.S. colonial modes of development and
exploitation in
Asia provide the basis for understanding that U.S. capital has
historically accumu?
23. lated and profited through the differentiation of labor, rather
than through its
homogenization; in the global expansion of the capitalist mode,
the racial and
gendered character of labor has been further exaggerated,
refined, and built into
the regime itself.
Since the 1980s, the globalization of capitalism has shifted
many manufactur?
ing operations to Asia and Latin America and has reorganized a
mode of
production that at one time employed a U.S. male labor force,
white and black, in
industrial manufacturing, and formerly employed white
working-class and
racialized women in assembly, blue and pink collar, and service
work. In the
search for ever cheaper, more "flexible," labor pools, this
reorganization also
produces a greater "pull" for new Asian and Latino immigrants,
especially for
Asian and Latina women, to fill the insecure assembly and
service-sector jobs
within the United States that have emerged largely as a result of
restructuring and
"re-engineering." Just as the displacement of U.S. workers and
increased immi?
24. gration to the United States are an index of global capitalist
restructuring, so, too,
has restructuring exacerbated both anti-immigrant nativism and
the state's "need"
to legislate "undocumented aliens" and "permanent resident
aliens" who have
entered since 1965. Thus, the proletarianization of Asian and
Latina immigrant
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
36 Lowe
women is a current instance of the contradiction between the
globalization of the
economy and the political needs of the nation-state; it takes
place in conjunction
with a gendered international division of labor that makes use
of Third World and
racialized immigrant women as a more "flexible," "casual,"
"docile" work force.
Transnational industry' s use of Asian and Latina women's
labor?in Asia, Latin
America, and the U.S.
? is the contemporary site where the contradictions of the
national and the international converge in an overdetermination
of neocolonial
25. capitalism, anti-immigrant racism, and patriarchal gender
stratification.
In this sense, the global restructuring of the capitalist mode of
production can
be understood to constitute a new social formation, one whose
domain has
extended beyond the nation-state to global markets and
international circuits of
exchange. In Reading Capital, Louis Althusser and Etienne
Balibar (1977)
extend Marx' original formulation of the relationship between
the "mode of
production" and the "social formation," by defining a social
formation as the
complex structure in which more than one mode of production,
or set of economic
relations, may be combined. Their elaboration suggests not only
that the situa?
tions of uneven development, colonialist incorporation, or
global restructuring
and immigration are each characterized by the combination of
several simulta?
neous modes of production, but that each constitutes a specific,
historically
distinct social formation, which includes economic, political,
and ideological
levels of articulation. The need to understand the differentiated
forms through
which capital profits by mixing and combining different modes
26. of production
suggests, too, that the complex structures of a new social
formation may indeed
require interventions and modes of opposition specific to those
structures. One
distinct feature of the global restructuring of capital is its
ability to profit not
through homogenization, but through the differentiation of
specific resources and
markets that permits the exploitation of gendered and racialized
labor within
regional and national sites. Part of this differentiation involves
transactions
between "national" and "international" sites that formalize new
capital accumu?
lation and production techniques that specifically target female
labor markets
where women are disciplined by state-instituted traditional
patriarchy, whether
in Malaysia or Guatemala, or by racialized immigration laws
that target female
immigrants in particular, such as in California. The global
racialized feminization
of women's labor is a new social formation characterized by the
exploitation of
women both in export-oriented production zones in Asia and
Latin America, and
near the center of the market in the Silicon Valley, California,
electronics
industry, in the Los Angeles manufacturing district, and in the
27. San Francisco Bay
Area garment industry.
Although some analysts of transnationalism argue that global
capitalism has
reached a near-universal extension and has incorporated all
sectors into its logic
of commodification, the situations of Asian and Latina women
workers suggest
that transnational capitalism, like nation-state capitalism and
colonial capitalism
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 37
before it, continues to produce sites of contradiction, as well as
the dynamics of
its own negation and critique.
3 For in the complex encounters between transnational
capital and women within patriarchal gender structures, the very
processes that
produce a racialized feminized proletariat both displace
traditional and national
patriarchies and their defining regulations of gender, space, and
work, and
racialize the women in relation to other racialized groups. These
28. displacements
produce new possibilities precisely because they have led to a
breakdown and a
reformulation of the categories of nation, race, class, and
gender, and in doing so
have prompted a reconceptualization of the oppositional
narratives of nationalism,
Marxism, and feminism. The shift toward the
transnationalization of capital is not
exclusively manifested in the "denationalization" of corporate
power or the
nation-state, but perhaps more importantly, it is expressed in
the reorganization of
oppositional interventions against capital that articulate
themselves in terms and
relations other than the singular "national," "class," or "female"
subject. Asian,
Asian inimigrant, and Asian American women occupy some of
the sites of
contradiction in the current international division of labor, and
their agencies are
critical to U.S. women of color activism, cross-border labor
organizing, and Third
World and immigrant women's struggles.
Although Asian immigrant women have been in the United
States since the
19th century, the greater numbers of Asian women immigrated
after the mid-20th
century and the specific recruitment of women as a labor force
has intensified since
29. the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (Mazumdar, 1989).
Since that time,
along with African American and Mexican American women,
Asian immigrant
women have constituted an important low-paid work force
within the U.S.,
"occupationally ghettoized" in menial, domestic, and
reproductive labor, textile
and garment industries, hotel and restaurant work, and a current
mix of mass
production, subcontracting, and family-type firms. Because of
their material,
gender, and racial differentiation from the abstract citizen
proposed by the U.S.
political sphere, they remain at a distance from its nationalist
narratives. Immigra?
tion laws help to produce a racially segmented and gender-
stratified labor force for
capital's needs, inasmuch as such laws seek to resolve these
inequalities by
deferring them in the promise of equality on the political terrain
of representation.
While the official narratives of immigrant inclusion propose to
assimilate immi?
grants as citizens, the conditions of Asian immigrant women in
the U.S. directly
contradict these promises of incorporation, equal opportunity,
and equal represen?
tation. Asian "American" women, even as citizens, continue to
be located at the
30. cultural, racial, and political boundaries of the nation. Indeed, I
use quotation
marks here to signal the ambivalent identification that both
U.S.-born Asian and
Asian immigrant women have to the nationalist construction
"American." For
Asian immigrant women, the American contract of citizenship is
quite evidently
contradictory; if it proposes the state as the unified body in
which all subjects are
granted equal membership, it simultaneously asks that
differences
? of race,
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
38 Lowe
class, gender, and locality
? be subordinated in order to qualify for membership
in that democratic body.
At the same time, as a group formed through the intersecting
processes of
racialization, class exploitation, and gender subordination,
Asian immigrant
women are also differentially situated in relation to the political
narratives of social
31. movements organized around single forms of domination.
Examples are the
liberal feminist critique of patriarchy, the trade union analysis
of capitalism from
the standpoint of class exploitation, and the critique of racism
and internal
colonialism from the standpoint of racialized minority subjects.
From the early
post-World War II years through the 1960s, political economy
in the U.S. was
dominated by the notion of development, and in that period,
opposition to
exploitation was often articulated in terms of class issues (see
Escobar, 1992).
However, the late 1960s marked the beginning of a period in
which the articulation
of opposition became increasingly mediated by analyses of
other forms of
domination, not only capitalism and imperialism, but also
patriarchy and racism.4
Emerging out of this earlier moment in the capitalist mode of
production, U.S.
oppositional social movements of the 1970s
?
feminist, labor, civil rights, and
ethno-nationalist ? produced narratives of political development
for the subjects
resisting domination within this earlier mode. According to
these narratives, the
32. "woman," "worker," and "racial or ethnic minority" subjects
were said to develop
from a pre-hegemonic pre-class identified position to that of
politicized partici?
pants who could "grasp" their exploitation in relation to their
function within
patriarchy, capitalism, and racism. Asian immigrant and Asian
"American"
women, like other racialized women, have a different political
formation than that
prescribed by either narratives of liberal capitalist development
and citizenship or
the narratives proposed by these oppositional movements of the
1970s. The
isolation of one axis of power, such as the exploitation of labor
under capitalism,
masks the historical processes through which capitalism has
emerged in conjunc?
tion with, and made more efficient by, other systems of
discrimination and
subordination
?
patriarchy, racism, and colonialism.5 The Asian "American"
woman and the racialized woman are materially in excess of the
subject "woman"
posited by feminist discourse, the "proletariat" described by
33. Marxism, or the
"racial or ethnic" subject projected by civil rights and ethno-
nationalist move?
ments. This excess and differential places Asian American and
other racialized
women in critical, and dialectical, relationships to the subjects
of feminism,
Marxism, and ethnic nationalisms. In this sense, Asian
immigrant and Asian
American woman may be said to constitute the dialectical
sublation of these earlier
models of political subjectivity.
The particular location of racialized working women at an
intersection where
the contradictions of racism, patriarchy, and capitalism
converge produces a
subject that cannot be determined along a single axis of power
or by a single
apparatus, on the one hand, or contained within a single
narrative of oppositional
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 39
political formation, on the other. If Marxism proposes that the
classical contradic?
tion exists between capital and labor
34. ? a contradiction that permits the accumu?
lation of surplus value through the exploitation of labor at the
same time that it
produces the class struggles that mark the points of crisis and
vulnerability within
capitalism
? then the current situation of racialized working women makes
apparent that we must always speak of more than one
contradiction. We may speak
of a racial contradiction by which the state claims to be a
democratic body in which
all subjects are granted membership, while racial, ethnic, and
immigrant subjects
continue to be disenfranchised and excluded from political
participation in that
state. Alternatively, we may speak of various sites of gender
contradiction: one in
which the concept of abstract labor in political economy (that
work is equivalent
to pay) conflicts with unwaged female domestic labor in the
home and inadequate
pay for women in the "public" workplace;^ another in which a
contradiction
between the discourse of formal legal equality and the
conditions in many
countries in which a woman's choice to conceive or bear a child
is an action that
may be contested by husband, father, or state. Furthermore,
within the trajectory
of liberal feminism, relative gains of some women in corporate,
political, or
35. professional domains accentuate the contradictory persistence
of barriers to, and
what Evelyn Nakano Glenn has called "occupational
ghettoization" of, poor
women of color. Throughout lived social relations, it is apparent
that labor is
gendered, sexuality is racialized, and race is class-associated. A
multiplicity of
social contradictions with different origins converge at different
sites within any
social formation ? the family, education, religion,
communications media, sites
of capitalist production
? and each is uneven and incommensurable, with certain
contradictions taking priority over others in response to the
material conditions of
a given historical moment. Singular narratives of consciousness
aim at developing
a subject position from which totalization becomes possible,
whereas the cultural
productions of racialized women seek to articulate multiple,
nonequivalent, but
linked determinations without assuming their containment
within the horizon of
an absolute totality and its presumption of a singular subject.
U.S. women of color
have located themselves in relationship to intersecting
dominations and these
locations have been powerfully translated into critical practices.
From the 1980s,
work by Audre Lorde, Cherrie Moraga, and the collective Asian
36. Women United
of California, for example, exemplifies "situated" non-totalizing
perspectives on
conjoined dominations, as well as the emergence of politicized
critiques of those
conjunctions.7
The necessary alliances between racialized and Third World
women within,
outside, and across the border of the U.S. grow out of the
contemporary conditions
of global capitalism under which immigrant women working in
the garment
industries of Los Angeles are virtually part of the same labor
force as those
employed in Asia or Latin America. The sweatshops of the
garment industry
located in San Francisco and Los Angeles, for example, employ
immigrant women
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
40 Lowe
from Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hong Kong, South
Korea, Thailand, and
the Philippines, while in these countries of origin, U.S.
transnational corporations
37. are also conducting garment assembly work.s Women migrate
from countries of
origin formerly colonized by the United States, or currently
neocolonized by U.S.
corporate capital, and come to labor here as racialized women
of color. In this
sense, despite the obstacles of national, cultural, and linguistic
differences, there
are material continuities between the conditions of Chicanas
and Latinas working
in the U.S. and the women working in maquiladoras and low-
cost manufacturing
zones in Latin America, on the one hand, and Asian women
working both within
the U.S. and in Asian zones of assembly and manufacturing, on
the other.
Thus, recent immigrant communities constitute the most evident
sites for
racialized women in the United States to intersect with women
in the neocolonized
world whose experiences are doubly determined by exploitation
that traverses
national boundaries. The important ongoing work of
organizations like AIWA in
the San Francisco Bay Area, in which second- and third-
generation Asian
American women work for the empowerment of immigrant
Asian women workers
in the garment, hotel, and electronics industries, or the Garment
Workers' Justice
Center in Los Angeles and La Mujer Obrera in El Paso, suggests
38. some ways of
thinking about the mutual processes of politicization that occur
between racialized
immigrant women in the United States and women in the Third
World. Groups like
the Asian Law Caucus and the Coalition for Immigrant and
Refugee Rights and
Services have ongoing projects advocating for immigrants'
rights.9 AIWA is an
innovative example of cross-generational women of different
national origins,
classes, and language backgrounds organizing in ways that
address the particular
conditions of Asian immigrant women workers.i? Although
AIWA organizes
Asian immigrant women around the more traditional labor issue
of workers' rights
? as in the successful campaign to pressure garment
manufacturer Jessica
McClintock, Inc.
? it also focuses on bringing Asian American and Asian
immigrant women together as members of Asian communities
and addresses
issues that are of concern "outside" the workplace, such as
childcare, health care,
language, and literacy. In addition, it should be emphasized that
AIWA does not
organize itself in a traditional hierarchy that would place
"organizers" above
"workers" or Asian American women above immigrant women;
39. the reciprocally
transformative relationship between Asian American organizers
and Asian immi?
grant working women is expressly encouraged by AIWA's
structure, n Miriam
Ching Louie (1992: 14) writes: "The challenge to AIWA
organizers is to use the
classes (in English) so that workers can reflect on their own
lives, determine what
is fair, visualize alternatives to oppressive conditions, and
practice demanding
their rights.... Organizers must also transform themselves in the
process."12
Whereas AIWA works with Asian immigrant and Asian
American women,
other projects create and maintain solidarity across racial and
ethnic groups and
across national boundaries: groups like the Border Workers
Regional Support
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 41
Committee (CAFOR) and the Coalition for Justice in the
Maquiladoras (CJM)
have helped Mexican maquiladora workers organize against
U.S.- and Japanese
40. owned parent companies. The Support Committee for the
Maquiladora Workers
in San Diego organizes activists, a number of whom are Asian
immigrant women,
to assist in documenting the exploitative, unsafe working
conditions of the
maquiladoras, and to provide various support services for the
mostly female
Mexican workers.13 Recently, the Support Committee assisted
in retrieving the
back wages for workers formerly employed at Exportadora de
Mano de Obra in
Tijuana, Mexico, through building pressures at a variety of
sites, including
bringing a suit in U.S. courts against the parent company,
National O-Ring, a
division of American United Global Corporation. One hundred
and eighty
workers had lost their wages when National O-Ring suddenly
closed the Exportadora
plant in Tijuana, an act precipitated by the women workers
having brought charges
of sexual harassment against the company president. "Solidarity
among workers
should cross the border as easily as companies move
production," says Mary Tong,
director of the Support Committee for Maquiladora Workers.
Labor organizing
projects are changing both in response to the modes of global
restructuring and to
the changes in immigration and immigrant communities over the
last two decades;
new strategies aim to take on the difficult work of forging
41. understanding and
political solidarity between women and men across racial and
national boundaries.
The work of Asian "American," Asian immigrant and other
racialized women
organizing across national boundaries, formations, and
displacements entails
processes of learning, translation, and transformations of
perspective. Chandra
Mohanty has written about the movements between cultures,
languages, and
complex configurations of meanings and power: "Experience
must be historically
interpreted and theorized if it is to become the basis of feminist
solidarity and
struggle, and it is at this moment that an understanding of the
politics of location
proves crucial" (Talpade Mohanty, 1992). Asian American
cultural forms, con?
taining a repertoire of counter-history, memory, and resources
for different
narratives of new subjects and practices, are a medium for this
critical historical
interpretation. Rather than dictating that subjects be constituted
through identifi?
cation with the liberal citizen-formation of American national
culture, Asian
42. American cultural forms offer the possibility of subjects and
practices constituted
through dialectics of difference and disidentification. Rather
than vertical deter?
mination by the state, these forms are suggestive of horizontal
relations between
subjects across national boundaries. As subjects occupying the
contradictions of
"the national-within-the-international," the location of Asian
immigrant women
is nonetheless the U.S. nation-state. Therefore, Asian immigrant
women must
struggle to understand not only the process of racialization
within the U. S. national
frame, but also the different processes of other immigrant
women who may
already be a proletarianized, gendered labor force in their
"home" countries, but
within specifically nationally stratified sets of social relations
there: the agencies
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
42 Lowe
43. of women in sites as different as South Korea, Sri Lanka, or
Egypt are determined
by their specific national histories of colonialism,
decolonization, nationalist
struggles, post-independence capitalist development, and
multinational incur?
sions.^ Asian immigrant and Asian "American" women, as
always, must be
vigilant about the dangers of universalizing nationalist notions
of "womanhood"
or struggle. The attention to "difference" vividly evoked by
Audre Lorde's 1979
speech "The Master's Tools"
?
"community must not mean a shedding of our
differences...[but] learning how to take our differences and
make them strengths"
(Lorde, 1981)
? is still, and all the more, crucial for Asian immigrant and
Asian
"American" women in the global instance of our contemporary
moment.
* * #
Mah was too busy even to look up when I offered her lunch. She
said she
didn't have an appetite, so I put the aluminum packet of food on
the water
44. pipe, where it'd stay warm, and her thermos on the already
filled
communal eating table.
She wanted to teach me to do zippers so I could sew another
dozen for her
at home.... Back home, I started with the darts. I sewed the
facing to the
interfacing, the front to the back; then I had trouble with the
zipper. I
wasn't used to the slick gabardine fabric; my seams didn't match
up, and
the needle kept sliding over to the metal teeth. I undid the seam
and tried
again. This time the needle hit the metal zipper tab and jammed.
I gave
up afraid I might break the needle. Mah broke a needle once and
its tip
flew up and lodged so close to her eye that Luday and Soon-
ping had to
walk her over to Chinese hospital (Ng, 1993: 178-179).
Fae Myenne Ng's novel Bone (1993), like Mrs. Lee's testimony
with which we
began, portrays Chinatown sewing women who provide labor for
a transnational
consumer market in which they do not participate, and who
bring home work and
solicit the help of children and relatives, making the "private"
domestic space of
the immigrant home an additional site of labor. The lives of the
Leong family in
45. Ng's novel are legibly imprinted by conditions of Mah's work as
a sewing woman:
from the central motif of the sewing machine in all of their
lives, to the
vulnerability of the immigrant home to capitalist penetration, to
the tense contrast
between the father Leon's difficulty staying steadily employed
and Man's "over?
employment." The marriage of Leon and Mah mediates the
changes in Chinatown
immigrant community, gender, and work, as sweatshops first
made use of Chinese
male labor during the garment industry's growth in the 1920s to
1940s, then
turning increasingly to female labor after the 1946 modification
of the Magnuson
Act permitted Chinese wives and children to enter as non-quota
immigrants and
the Immigration Act of 1965 abolished Asian national origin
quotas. 15 Finally, the
family relations in Bone allegorize the conditions of immigrant
life within the
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
46. Work, Immigration, Gender 43
contradictions of the liberal nation-state as capitalism extends
globally: the
immigrant's lack of the civil rights promised to citizens of the
nation permits the
"private" space of the immigrant home to become a workplace
that prioritizes the
relations of production over Chinese family relations. In
contradistinction to the
traditional novel whose progressive narrative reconciliation of
the individual to
the social order symbolically figures the "private" domain as the
resolution of
struggles and conflicts in the nation, Bone "digresses" backward
in time, narrating
instead the erosion of the "private" sphere under the material
pressures of
racialized and gendered relations of production in a
transnationally divided social
space. From the breakdowns in communication between the
parents, to the various
"flights" of the three daughters (emotional, mortal, and
physical), the novel
allegorizes how the affective, cultural ties in the Leong family
bear the weight of
immigration laws, geographical segregation, and global flows of
exchange.
In associating a literary text like Bone with Mrs. Lee's
47. testimony, I emphasize
that a relation exists between these "literary" and "evidential"
forms of narrative
owing to their dialectical relationship to common historical and
social processes.
Both forms emerge in relation to a shift in the mode of
production that expands by
means of a deepened racialization, gendering, and fracturing of
the labor force.
Both elaborate the contradictions of this shift ? in which the
global "pulls" that
bring immigrant women to work near the market's center also
increase the
regulation and segregation of those women by national laws and
capital
? but
neither form seeks to "resolve" those contradictions in the
development of a
singular identity. Indeed, both Lee's testimony and Ng's novel
suggest that the
exploitation of immigrant seamstresses depends exactly upon
the cultural, racial,
and gendered qualities of the work force, rather than on the
reduction of their work
as interchangeable "abstract labor" without characteristics;
furthermore, as irnmi
grant women, it is precisely those characteristics that are the
material trace of their
48. historical disenfranchisement from the political realm and that
differentiate the
seamstresses from the concept of the "abstract citizen" (Lowe,
1996). Therefore,
in both immigrant narratives, opposition to garment industry
exploitation is
redressed neither through notions of the national citizen nor
through strict
identification with the proletarian class subject of traditional
trade unions. In other
words, both Lee's testimony and Ng's novel refuse the
separation of the economic,
the political, and the cultural spheres dictated by the modern
state, and neither
narrative resolves in the formation of abstract subjects
predicated on the modern
separation of spheres. Rather, immigrant opposition articulates
itself in forms and
practices that integrate, yet move beyond, the political
formations dictated by the
modern institutions separating the political and economic
spheres; the immigrant
testimony and novel are cultural forms through which new
"political" subjects and
practices are narrated, and through which new "political"
actions are mediated. In
their common interruption of the modern separation of spheres
and the political
formations dictated by that separation, these cultural forms
produce conceptions
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
49. 2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
44 Lowe
of collectivity that do not depend upon privileging a singular
subject as the
representative of the group, conceptions of collectivity that do
not prescribe a
singular narrative of emancipation. Engagement with these
cultural forms is not
regulated by notions of identity or by modes of identification; a
dialectic that
presupposes differentiation and that crosses differences is
always present as part
of the process of engagement.
This dialectic of difference marks these texts as belonging to a
new mode of
cultural practice that corresponds to the new social formation of
globalized
capitalism. The contradictions of Asian American formation
emerged in relation
to the modern nation-state's attempt to resolve the
contradictions between its
economic and political imperatives through laws that excluded
Asian immigrant
laborers as "nonwhite aliens ineligible to citizenship" from the
19th to the mid
50. 20th century. In that period, Asians entered along the economic
axis, while the
state simultaneously excluded Asians along racial and
citizenship lines, and thus
distanced Asian Americans, even as citizens, from membership
in the national
culture. While official American cultural narratives aimed at
reconciling the
citizen to the modern nation-state, the material differentiation
of Asian immigrants
through racialization provided the conditions for Asian
American cultural nation?
alism to emerge in the 1970s in contradiction to that official
culture; Asian
American cultural nationalism is contestatory in the field of
culture to the degree
that culture operates in and for the modern state. Insofar as this
notion of culture
as an institution of the modern state remains in force, even
today in its complex
imbrication with "postmodern" global extensions and
distortions, Asian Ameri?
can cultural nationalism as an oppositional mode continues to
have significance
in relation to both residual and recast modes of the "modern."
This is because
transnational capital is "parasitic" upon institutions and social
relations of the
modern nation-state, deploying its repressive and ideological
apparatuses, ma?
nipulating the narratives of the liberal citizen-subject, as well as
rearticulating
modern forms of gender, temporality, and spatialization. This is
nowhere clearer
51. than in the contradiction within which global expansion
precipitates the prolifera?
tion of anti-immigrant legislation, combining refortified
policing of borders with
ideological appeals to the racial basis of citizenship. Hence,
Asian American
cultural nationalism that emerged in opposition to racial
exclusion continues to
address these modern institutions within transnational
capitalism. At the same
time, the current global restructuring
? as it moves well beyond the nation-state
and entails the differentiation of labor forces internationally
? constitutes a shift
in the mode of production that now necessitates alternative
forms of cultural
practice that integrate, yet move beyond, those of cultural
nationalism.
Elsewhere, I have discussed such alternative forms of cultural
practice,
ranging from Christine Choy, Dai Sil Kim-Gibson, and Elaine
Kim's video
documentary of Korean immigrant women after the 1992 Los
Angeles crisis, to
Monique Truy-Dung Truong's Vietnamese American epistolary
short fiction
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
52. 2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 45
"Kelly," to Mrs. Fu Lee's testimony against the garment
industry's abuse of
Chinese immigrant women (Lowe, 1996). Each engages with the
dominant forces
and formations that determine racialized immigrant women
? in the city, the
classroom, and the workplace
? and simultaneously alters, shifts, and marks
possible resistances to those forces by representing not only
cultural difference,
but also the convergence of differences, thereby producing new
spaces and
alternative formations. Culture in and for the modern state is
not in itself
"political," but the contradictions through which immigration
brings national
institutions into crisis produce immigrant cultures as
oppositional and contestatory,
and these contradictions, critically politicized in cultural forms
and practices, can
be used in the formation of alternative social practices.
These alternative forms of cultural practices are the loci of the
culturally,
53. racially, and gender-specific qualities of the "class" formations
of transnational
capitalism. Since transnational capitalism does not work
through the homogeni
zation of the mode of production, but instead operates through
and because of the
differentiations of culturally, racially, and gender-specific
forms and operations of
work, its "class subjects" are not homogeneous. As corporations
attempt to remain
competitive in the global arena, the new patterns of flexible
accumulation and
mixed production that have emerged preserve and reproduce
these specific
differentiated forms of work. Immigration has intensified
according to these new
patterns of accumulation and production, and is now more than
ever the site of the
contradictions between the national state and the global
economy. Just as these
new patterns allow capital to exploit discrete sectors of the
labor force in distinct
ways and according to different means, the "class subject" of
transnationalism
cannot be politically and ideologically unified in any simple
way, but may come
together according to a process based on strategic alliances
between different
54. sectors, not on their abstract identity. 16 This shift in the mode
of production must
also shift our understanding of the terrain of politics itself
?
away from an
exclusive focus on the abstract unified subject's relationship to
the state or to
capital, and toward those institutions, spaces, borders, and
processes that are the
interstitial sites of the social formation in which the national
intersects with the
international. The law, workplaces, schooling, community
organizations, family,
sexual life, churches, and popular culture are some of the sites
that govern not only
this intersection and the reproduction of racialized and gendered
social relations
along that intersection, but that also mediate the interruption
and reorganization
of those social relations. These are the regulating sites through
which "immi?
grants" are "naturalized" into "citizens,"
or through which "immigrants" are
disciplined as "aliens" and "foreigners," but these are also the
sites profoundly
transformed by immigration and altered by the immigrant
cultures and practices
that emerge in contradiction to these regulating sites. In these
sites, "immigrant
acts" perform the dialectical unification across difference and
55. critically generate
the new subjects of cultural politics.
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
46 Lowe
NOTES
1. From Immigrant Women Speak Out on Garment Industry
Abuse: A Community Hearing
Initiated by Asian Immigrant Women Advocates (May 1, 1993),
Oakland, California. Mrs. Fu Lee is
one of 12 women who were not paid by a sweatshop contracted
by manufacturer Jessica McClintock,
Inc. AIWA organized a long-term campaign that secured pay for
these women and revealed garment
industry abuse of immigrant women workers.
2. See, for example, Heran Jun (1997) and Kim (1997).
3. On transnationalism and the capitalist mode of production,
see, for example, Harvey (1990)
and Jameson (1992). For analyses of Third World and racialized
women's work in the global economy,
see Ong (1987, 1997), Mitter (1986), and Mies (1986).
4. See Hartsock (1985), Mackinnon (1982: 515-544), Blauner
(1972), Barrera (1979), and
56. Acuna(1981).
5. Theorists such as Chela Sandoval (1991: 1-24), Angela Davis
(1981), and Evelyn Nakano
Glenn (1983:86-109) have articulated critiques of single-axis
political organization by suggesting that
an exclusive gender politics may obscure class hierarchy and
racialization, while an exclusive class
politics may ignore gender stratification, racialization, and
homophobia. Moreover, the critique
established by many women of color has consistently argued
against the hierarchization of oppressions
as well as the false unification of women of color as
impediments to theorizing and organizing
movements for social change.
6. Scholars such as Evelyn Nakano Glenn (1983), Mary Romero
(1992), and Patricia Hill
Collins (1990) have pointed out that for racialized women, the
analytic categories of "private" and
"public" spheres privilege white middle-class women and
occlude the work of women of color, whose
"double day" often includes unwaged domestic labor in their
own "home" and waged domestic labor
in someone else's home; for these women, their "public" sphere
is another woman's "private" sphere.
7. See Lorde (1981) and Asian Women United of California
(1989). These cultural texts by
57. women of color propose new subjects and new political
formations. Whereas the normative notion of
the subject of liberal society assumes an individual
"oedipalized" by family relations and the state,
these texts suggest that racialized women are differently formed
and articulated, defined by a
"disidentification" with the national citizen-subject formation,
and constituted through lateral move?
ments across distances and disjunctions. On the subject of
"women of color," see Alarc?n (1990). See
also Haraway (1988: 575-599).
8. For discussions of the global garment and electronics
industries and the use of women's labor
for assembly, see Committee for Asian Women (1991), Nash
and Fernandez-Kelly (1983), Fernandez
Kelly (1983), Bonacich (1994), Appelbaum (1996), and Ho,
Powell, and Volpp (1996: 383^*14).
9. Asian Law Caucus, 468 Bush Street, 3rd Floor, San
Francisco, CA 94108; Coalition for
Immigrant and Refugee Rights and Services, 995 Market Street,
11th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94103.
10. Asian Immigrant Women's Advocates (AIWA), 310
- 8th Street, Suite 301, Oakland, CA
94607.
11. See Lydia Lowe (1992) and Omatsu (1994).
58. 12. For other discussions of Asian women's labor in the garment
industry, see Loo and Ong
(1991) and Yen-Mei Wong and Hayashi (1989). See also
Through Strength and Struggle, a video
documentary that tells the story of Chinese immigrant women
workers and the P & L and Beverly Rose
Sportwear shutdowns, by Chinese Progressive Association
Workers Center, 164 Lincoln Street, 2nd
Floor, Boston, MA 02111.
13. Support Committee for Maquiladora Workers, 3909 Center
Street, Suite 210, San Diego, CA
92103; see Hong and Tong (1998).
14. See, for example, Jayawardena's (1986) social history of
women's work and activities in
feminist, nationalist, and labor movements in Turkey, Egypt,
India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, the
Philippines, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. For analyses of
segmented labor and occupational
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 47
59. segregation of women within different national locations, see
Redclift and Sinclair (1991). Third World
Women and the Politics of Feminism, by Talpade Mohanty,
Russo, and Torres (1991), contains
important accounts of different "Third World" feminisms in the
context of the specific upheavals of
decolonization, national liberation struggles, and transnational
capitalism. On the cultural dimensions
of women's positions within transnationalism, see Grewal and
Kaplan (1994).
15. For a study of San Francisco's Chinatown, see Nee and Nee
(1972).
16. Antonio Gramsci conceived "hegemony" in these terms. See
Gramsci (1971) and Hall (1986:
5-27).
REFERENCES
Acuna, Rodolfo
1981 Occupied America: A History of Chicanos. New York:
Harper.
Alarc?n, Norma
1990 'The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My
Back' and Anglo
American Feminism." Gloria Anzald?a (ed.), Making Face,
Making Soul/
Haciendo Cams: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Women
of Color. San
Francisco: Aunt Lute.
60. Althusser, Louis and Etienne Balibar
1977 "On the Basic Concepts of Historical Materialism." L.
Althusser and E. Balibar,
Reading Capital. London: New Left Books.
Appelbaum, Richard P.
1996 "Multiculturalism and Flexibility: Some New Directions in
Global Capitalism."
Avery Gordon and Christopher Newfield (eds.), Mapping
Multiculturalism.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
Asian Women United of California
1989 Making Waves: An Anthology of Writings By and About
Asian American
Women. New York: Beacon.
Barrera, Mario
1979 Race and Class in the Southwest. Notre Dame: University
of Notre Dame Press.
Blauner, Robert
1972 Racial Oppression in America. New York: Harper.
Bonacich, Edna
1994 "Asians in the Los Angeles Garment Industry." In New
Asian Immigration in
Los Angeles and Global Restructuring. Philadelphia: Temple
University Press.
Ching Louie, Miriam
61. 1992 "Immigrant Asian Women in Bay Area Garment
Sweatshops: 'After Sewing,
Laundry, Cleaning, and Cooking, I Have No Breath to Sing.'"
Amerasia Journal
18: 14.
Committee for Asian Women
1991 Many Paths, One Goal: Organizing Women Workers in
Asia. Hong Kong:
CAW.
Davis, Angela
1981 Women, Race, and Class. New York: Random House.
Escobar, Arturo
1992 "Imagining a Post-Development Era? Critical Thought,
Development, and
Social Movements." Social Text 31-32: 20-56.
Fernandez-Kelly, Maria Patricia
1983 For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry
on Mexico's Frontier.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Gramsci, Antonio
1971 "Notes on Italian History." Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey
Nowell Smith (ed. and
trans.), Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York:
International
Publishers.
62. This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
48 Lowe
Grewal, Inderpal and Caren Kaplan (eds.)
1994
Hall, Stuart
1986
Haraway, Donna
1988
Hartsock, Nancy
1985
Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational
Feminist Practices.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
"Gramsci's Relevance for the Study of Race and Ethnicity."
Journal of
Communications Inquiry 10 (Summer): 5-27.
"Situated Knowledges." Feminist Studies 14,3 (Fall): 575-599.
'The Feminist Standpoint: Toward a Specifically Feminist
Historical Material?
ism." N. Hartsock, Money, Sex, and Power. Boston:
Northeastern University
63. Press.
Harvey, David
1990 The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Heran Jun, Helen
1997 "Contingent Nationalisms in Korean and Korean American
Women's
Oppositional Struggles." positions: east asia cultures critique
(Spring).
Hill Collins, Patricia
1990 Black Feminist Thought. London: Unwin Hyman.
Ho, Laura, Catherine Powell, and Leti Volpp
1996 "(Dis)Assembling Workers' Rights Along the Global
Assemblyline: Human
Rights and the Garment Industry." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil
Liberties Law
Review 31,2 (Summer): 383-414.
Hong, Kyungwon and Mary Tong
1998 "Aguirre v. AUG: A Case Study." P.C. Smith (ed.),
Multinational Human
Resource Management: Cases and Exercises. Tulsa, Oklahoma:
Dame
Publishing Comnanv.
Jameson, Fredric
1992 The Geopolitical Aesthetic: Cinema and Space in the
World System.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
64. Jayawardena, Kumari
1986 Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World. London:
Zed.
Kim, Min-Jung
1997 "Moment of Danger: Continuities, Discontinuities
Between Korean Nationalism
and Korean American Nationalism." positions: east asia cultures
critique
(Spring).
Loo, Chalsa
1991 Chinatown: Most Time, Hard Time. New York: Praeger.
Loo, Chalsa and Paul Ong
1991 "Slaying Demons with a Sewing Needle: Feminist Issues
for Chinatown's
Women." In Chalsa Loo, Chinatown: Most Time, Hard Time.
New York:
Praeger.
Lorde, Audre
1981 "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's
House." Cherne
Moraga and Gloria Anzald?a (eds.), This Bridge Called My
Back: Writings by
Radical Women of Color. Watertown: Persephone Press.
Lowe, Lisa
1996 Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics.
Durham: Duke
65. University Press.
Lowe, Lydia
1992 "Paving the Way: Chinese Immigrant Workers and
Community-Based Labor
Organizing in Boston." Amerasia Journal 18,1.
Mackinnon, Catherine
1982 "Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda
for Theory." Signs 7:
515-544.
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
Work, Immigration, Gender 49
Mazumdar, Sucheta
1989 "General Introduction: A Woman-Centered Perspective on
Asian American
History." Sucheta Mazumdar (ed.), Making Waves, Asian
Women United of
California. Boston: Beacon Press.
Mies, Maria
1986 Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in
the International
Division of Labor. London: Zed Press.
66. Mitter, Swasti
1986 Common Fate, Common Bond: Women in the Global
Economy. London: Pluto.
Nakano Glenn, Evelyn
1983 "Racial Ethnic Women's Labor: The Intersection of Race,
Gender, and Class
Oppression." Review of Radical Political Economics 17,3: 86-
109.
Nash, June and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly (eds.)
1983 Women in the International Division of Labor. Albany:
State University of New
York Press.
Nee, Victor G. and Brett de Bary Nee
1972 Longtime Californ': A Documentary Study of an American
Chinatown. New
York: Pantheon.
Bone. New York: Hyperion: 178-179.
'The 'Four Prisons' and the Movements of Liberation: Asian
American
Activism from the 1960s to the 1990s." Karin Aguilar-San Juan
(ed.), State of
Asian America: Activism and Resistance in the 1990s. Boston:
South End Press.
Ong, Aihwa
1997 'The Gender and Labor Politics of Postmodernity." Lisa
Lowe and David Lloyd
67. (eds.), The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital.
Durham: Duke
University Press.
1987 Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory
Women in Malaysia.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Redclift, Nanneke and M. Thea Sinclair (eds.)
1991 Working Women: International Perspectives on Labour
and Gender Ideology.
London: Routledge.
Romero, Mary
1992 Maid in the U.S.A. New York: Routledge.
Sandoval, Chela
1991 "U.S. Third World Women: The Theory and Method of
Oppositional Con?
sciousness in the Postmodern World." Genders 10 (Sorine): 1-
24.
Talpade Mohanty, Chandra
1992 "Feminist Encounters: Locating the Politics of
Experience." Michelle Barrett
and Anne Phillips (eds.), Destabilizing Theory. Stanford:
Stanford University
Press.
1991 "Cartographies of Struggle: Third World Women and the
Politics of Feminism."
Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism.
68. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press: 34.
Talpade Mohanty, Chandra, Ann Russo, and Lordes Torres
(eds.)
1991 Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism.
Bloomington: Indian
University Press.
Yen-Mei Wong, Diane and Dennis Hayashi
1989 "Behind Unmarked Doors: Developments in the Garment
Industry." Asian
Women United of California (eds.), Making Waves: An
Anthology of Writings
By and About Asian American Women. New York: Beacon.
This content downloaded from 137.110.34.170 on Thu, 18 Apr
2013 21:45:04 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jspArticle
Contentsp. 31p. 32p. 33p. 34p. 35p. 36p. 37p. 38p. 39p. 40p.
41p. 42p. 43p. 44p. 45p. 46p. 47p. 48p. 49Issue Table of
ContentsSocial Justice, Vol. 25, No. 3 (73), Crossing Lines:
Revisioning U.S. Race Relations (Fall 1998), pp. 1-143Front
MatterCrossing Lines: Revisioning U.S. Race Relations [pp. 1-
2]"At Least You're Not Black": Asian Americans in U.S. Race
Relations [pp. 3-12]Local Union Transformation: Analyzing
Issues of Race, Gender, Class, and Democracy [pp. 13-30]Work,
Immigration, Gender: New Subjects of Cultural Politics [pp. 31-
49]Language Politics in the U.S.A.: The Paradox of Bilingual
Education [pp. 50-69]Claiming Collective Memory: Maya
Languages and Civil Rights [pp. 70-79]From Third World
Liberation to Multiple Oppression Politics: A Contemporary
69. Approach to Interethnic Coalitions [pp. 80-100]The World Is
Waiting for the Sunrise: African Americans y el Mundo Latino
[pp. 101-107]From Crisis to Congress: Assessing the Black
Radical Congress [pp. 108-114]Racial Disparities in Mortgage
Lending: The Example of Urban Ohio [pp. 115-127]Entitled:
Confessions of a Model Meritocrat [pp. 128-137]Saving Private
Ryan [pp. 138-140]Publications Received [pp. 141-142]Back
Matter