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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Enforcement and Next Generation
Compliance
David Cozad, Regional Counsel
US EPA Region 7
1
Compliance Challenges
 Pollution
 Noncompliance
 Information gaps
 Larger universe
 Budgets declining
4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The World is Changing
3
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Technology Paradigm Change
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
4
EPA Region 7’s KCWaterBug
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5
Mobile app providing real-time water quality data in the Kansas City area
using USGS innovative approach for estimating bacteria concentrations
based on basic water quality parameters.
Technology Opportunities
6
 Advances in information and monitoring technologies:
 “make the invisible visible”
 inform industry, government, and the public
 enhance ability to prevent, reduce, treat or avoid pollution
 drive compliance through transparency and accountability
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Next Gen Compliance Tools
 Advanced monitoring
 E-reporting
 Transparency
 Third party verification
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
7
Advanced Monitoring Technologies
8
 Real-time monitoring –
knowing about pollution
as it’s happening
 Facility feedback loops –
preventing pollution
before it happens
 Fenceline monitoring
 Community monitoring
 Remote sensing
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Monitoring buoy in Charles River
collects and transmits data
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Advanced Water Monitoring: E-Flow
 E-flow monitors
 Flow detection/notification
 Flow height
 Flow depth/velocity
 Examples:
 City of Seattle NPDES Permit
 City of Harrisburg CSO Consent Decree
 Washington DC CSO Consent Decree
 St Louis CSO/SSO Consent Decree
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
10
Advanced Monitoring: Real-time Ambient WQ Monitoring
 Mostly screening level/indicator technology to date
 Rapid advances and emerging technology
 Well developed technology exists for continuous, real time monitoring for BOD, TSS,
temperature, pH
 Microbial Source Tracking
 Examples:
 Logan Airport NPDES Permit: Real-time, continouos monitoring required during winter (deicing runoff)
 Middle Rio MS4 Permit: Continuous monitoring for DO, temp at select locations; endangered species concerns
 San Antonio Consent Decree: microbial source monitoring required
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
11
Real-time Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
12
Advanced Monitoring
13
An example from flaring enforcement
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Electronic reporting
14
 Ohio NPDES e-
reporting success
story
 NPDES e-
reporting rule
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Reporting Month
NPDES DMR Compliance in Ohio
FY 2009 - 7/08-6/09
% eDMR usage
PermitViolations
FacilitiesusingeDMR
Increased Transparency
 Evidence that effective
transparency drives
performance
 SDWA Consumer
Confidence Reports
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
15
Study on effect of mailing
compliance reports
Transparency Examples
 Web posting of data and documents:
 Logan Airport NPDES Permit
 Middle Rio Grande MS4 permit
 St Louis Consent Decree
 City of Seattle NPDES Permit
 CSO email/text alerts:
 New York Sewage Pollution Right-to-Know Act
 Chicago NPDES Permits (notification of CSO diversion to Lake Michigan)
 City of Cambridge NPDES Permit
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
16
Next Gen in Civil Settlements
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
17
Since January 2015, EPA
civil enforcement staff
must consider Next
Generation Compliance
tools in all cases and
include them in
settlements when
appropriate
Next Gen in Settlementss: Region 7 Examples
 St Louis/MSD: E-flow monitoring, web posting
 Coastal Energy: Leak detection monitoring/remote notification
 Doe Run: Third Party Verification
 Roquette: Third Party Verification
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
18
EPA Proposed Rule for Petroleum Refineries
19
 Refineries must conduct
ambient fenceline
monitoring
 Data available to public
 Action level exceedances
require corrective
measures
U.S. Environmental Protection Agen
Coal Ash Rule
 Transparency
 Third Party Certifications
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
20

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David Cozad, US EPA Region 7, EPA Enforcement and Next Generation Compliance, Missouri Water Seminar, September 10-11, 2015, Columbia, MO

  • 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA Enforcement and Next Generation Compliance David Cozad, Regional Counsel US EPA Region 7 1
  • 2. Compliance Challenges  Pollution  Noncompliance  Information gaps  Larger universe  Budgets declining 4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • 3. The World is Changing 3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • 4. Technology Paradigm Change U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4
  • 5. EPA Region 7’s KCWaterBug U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5 Mobile app providing real-time water quality data in the Kansas City area using USGS innovative approach for estimating bacteria concentrations based on basic water quality parameters.
  • 6. Technology Opportunities 6  Advances in information and monitoring technologies:  “make the invisible visible”  inform industry, government, and the public  enhance ability to prevent, reduce, treat or avoid pollution  drive compliance through transparency and accountability U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • 7. Next Gen Compliance Tools  Advanced monitoring  E-reporting  Transparency  Third party verification U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 7
  • 8. Advanced Monitoring Technologies 8  Real-time monitoring – knowing about pollution as it’s happening  Facility feedback loops – preventing pollution before it happens  Fenceline monitoring  Community monitoring  Remote sensing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Monitoring buoy in Charles River collects and transmits data
  • 10. Advanced Water Monitoring: E-Flow  E-flow monitors  Flow detection/notification  Flow height  Flow depth/velocity  Examples:  City of Seattle NPDES Permit  City of Harrisburg CSO Consent Decree  Washington DC CSO Consent Decree  St Louis CSO/SSO Consent Decree U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 10
  • 11. Advanced Monitoring: Real-time Ambient WQ Monitoring  Mostly screening level/indicator technology to date  Rapid advances and emerging technology  Well developed technology exists for continuous, real time monitoring for BOD, TSS, temperature, pH  Microbial Source Tracking  Examples:  Logan Airport NPDES Permit: Real-time, continouos monitoring required during winter (deicing runoff)  Middle Rio MS4 Permit: Continuous monitoring for DO, temp at select locations; endangered species concerns  San Antonio Consent Decree: microbial source monitoring required U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11
  • 13. Advanced Monitoring 13 An example from flaring enforcement U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • 14. Electronic reporting 14  Ohio NPDES e- reporting success story  NPDES e- reporting rule U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Reporting Month NPDES DMR Compliance in Ohio FY 2009 - 7/08-6/09 % eDMR usage PermitViolations FacilitiesusingeDMR
  • 15. Increased Transparency  Evidence that effective transparency drives performance  SDWA Consumer Confidence Reports U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 15 Study on effect of mailing compliance reports
  • 16. Transparency Examples  Web posting of data and documents:  Logan Airport NPDES Permit  Middle Rio Grande MS4 permit  St Louis Consent Decree  City of Seattle NPDES Permit  CSO email/text alerts:  New York Sewage Pollution Right-to-Know Act  Chicago NPDES Permits (notification of CSO diversion to Lake Michigan)  City of Cambridge NPDES Permit U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 16
  • 17. Next Gen in Civil Settlements U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 17 Since January 2015, EPA civil enforcement staff must consider Next Generation Compliance tools in all cases and include them in settlements when appropriate
  • 18. Next Gen in Settlementss: Region 7 Examples  St Louis/MSD: E-flow monitoring, web posting  Coastal Energy: Leak detection monitoring/remote notification  Doe Run: Third Party Verification  Roquette: Third Party Verification U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 18
  • 19. EPA Proposed Rule for Petroleum Refineries 19  Refineries must conduct ambient fenceline monitoring  Data available to public  Action level exceedances require corrective measures U.S. Environmental Protection Agen
  • 20. Coal Ash Rule  Transparency  Third Party Certifications U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 20