The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
Thermal imaging can be used for energy auditing and weatherization to locate air leaks, moisture issues, and other problems. An energy audit uses tools like a thermal imager, blower door, and other equipment to evaluate energy usage and pinpoint areas of energy loss. Weatherization involves sealing leaks and improving insulation. Thermal imaging makes inspections easier and more effective by allowing users to quickly scan areas and see problems like missing insulation or air leaks without disturbing structures. It provides visual documentation of issues found before and after repairs. Focusing the thermal imager properly and understanding parameters like level, span, and emissivity are important for capturing accurate temperature data.
This document summarizes a study of the performance of a corridor pressurization ventilation system in a 13-story residential building in Vancouver. Measurements found significant variations in ventilation rates between suites, with most under or over-ventilated. The study found that only 8% of intended ventilation air actually reaches the suites, with significant leakage along the ventilation path. Stack effects and wind pressures were also found to influence ventilation rates and overwhelm the mechanical pressures at times. The document recommends direct ventilation of suites and improved compartmentalization of spaces to limit natural pressures and better control ventilation.
This document provides an overview of calculating heating loads for buildings. It discusses determining heat loss through building envelope components like walls, windows, floors, and infiltration. The heat loss equation and assumptions are explained. Methods for calculating U-factors and R-values of walls, floors, windows, and doors are given. Corrections for factors like framing, metal studs, and cavity depth are also covered. Sample heating load calculations are worked through as examples.
This document is Malcolm LeClair's engineering portfolio summarizing his projects in the Multiscale Thermal Fluids Lab, with 3D printing, and building a quadcopter. It describes his role in designing an evaporator for a thermal battery project, troubleshooting a 3D printer, and building a quadcopter within a $300 budget constraint. The portfolio highlights the skills he has gained, including experimental design, vacuum system design, material selection, electrical troubleshooting, and flying quadcopters.
To design any air-conditioning unit, estimation of heating or cooling load is very important. It helps us in design different devices most importantly the humidifier (in case of winter) or de-humidifier (in case of summer).
it is basic introduction about Calculation of cooling load TETD due to sunlight & shaded roofs &walls using table,Load due to air filtration and Load due to ventilation.
The document summarizes principles of cooling system dynamics and cooling tower design and operation. The main points are:
1) Cooling towers reject waste heat from industrial processes by evaporating a portion of circulating water to lower its temperature. Key factors that determine a tower's thermal performance include ambient conditions, water flow rates, and design of fill materials and distribution systems.
2) A sample "hot weather" cooling tower operation problem is presented to illustrate calculations of wet bulb temperature, evaporation rates, temperature drops, and the effects of varying water flow rates and makeup water quantities on performance.
3) Proper design and maintenance are important to maximize heat transfer between air and water in the tower and achieve the desired approach
IRJET - Numerical Analysis on Laminar Flow Forced Convection on a Channel wi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical analysis of laminar forced convection in a channel with a V-corrugated upper plate heated by radiation. Parameters studied include Reynolds number from 750 to 2050, radiation fluxes of 400, 700, and 1000 W/m2, and inlet air temperatures from 12 to 60°C. Results show that increasing Reynolds number and radiation flux increases local Nusselt number, with a more significant effect at the channel entrance. Inlet temperature increases also increase Nusselt number, particularly at the entrance. The study aims to determine forced convection characteristics of air flowing through a channel with a V-corrugated plate compared to a flat plate.
Thermal imaging can be used for energy auditing and weatherization to locate air leaks, moisture issues, and other problems. An energy audit uses tools like a thermal imager, blower door, and other equipment to evaluate energy usage and pinpoint areas of energy loss. Weatherization involves sealing leaks and improving insulation. Thermal imaging makes inspections easier and more effective by allowing users to quickly scan areas and see problems like missing insulation or air leaks without disturbing structures. It provides visual documentation of issues found before and after repairs. Focusing the thermal imager properly and understanding parameters like level, span, and emissivity are important for capturing accurate temperature data.
This document summarizes a study of the performance of a corridor pressurization ventilation system in a 13-story residential building in Vancouver. Measurements found significant variations in ventilation rates between suites, with most under or over-ventilated. The study found that only 8% of intended ventilation air actually reaches the suites, with significant leakage along the ventilation path. Stack effects and wind pressures were also found to influence ventilation rates and overwhelm the mechanical pressures at times. The document recommends direct ventilation of suites and improved compartmentalization of spaces to limit natural pressures and better control ventilation.
This document provides an overview of calculating heating loads for buildings. It discusses determining heat loss through building envelope components like walls, windows, floors, and infiltration. The heat loss equation and assumptions are explained. Methods for calculating U-factors and R-values of walls, floors, windows, and doors are given. Corrections for factors like framing, metal studs, and cavity depth are also covered. Sample heating load calculations are worked through as examples.
This document is Malcolm LeClair's engineering portfolio summarizing his projects in the Multiscale Thermal Fluids Lab, with 3D printing, and building a quadcopter. It describes his role in designing an evaporator for a thermal battery project, troubleshooting a 3D printer, and building a quadcopter within a $300 budget constraint. The portfolio highlights the skills he has gained, including experimental design, vacuum system design, material selection, electrical troubleshooting, and flying quadcopters.
To design any air-conditioning unit, estimation of heating or cooling load is very important. It helps us in design different devices most importantly the humidifier (in case of winter) or de-humidifier (in case of summer).
it is basic introduction about Calculation of cooling load TETD due to sunlight & shaded roofs &walls using table,Load due to air filtration and Load due to ventilation.
The document summarizes principles of cooling system dynamics and cooling tower design and operation. The main points are:
1) Cooling towers reject waste heat from industrial processes by evaporating a portion of circulating water to lower its temperature. Key factors that determine a tower's thermal performance include ambient conditions, water flow rates, and design of fill materials and distribution systems.
2) A sample "hot weather" cooling tower operation problem is presented to illustrate calculations of wet bulb temperature, evaporation rates, temperature drops, and the effects of varying water flow rates and makeup water quantities on performance.
3) Proper design and maintenance are important to maximize heat transfer between air and water in the tower and achieve the desired approach
IRJET - Numerical Analysis on Laminar Flow Forced Convection on a Channel wi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical analysis of laminar forced convection in a channel with a V-corrugated upper plate heated by radiation. Parameters studied include Reynolds number from 750 to 2050, radiation fluxes of 400, 700, and 1000 W/m2, and inlet air temperatures from 12 to 60°C. Results show that increasing Reynolds number and radiation flux increases local Nusselt number, with a more significant effect at the channel entrance. Inlet temperature increases also increase Nusselt number, particularly at the entrance. The study aims to determine forced convection characteristics of air flowing through a channel with a V-corrugated plate compared to a flat plate.
This document discusses methods for calculating heat loads and indoor design conditions for HVAC systems. It describes two types of heat losses from buildings as transmitted through surfaces and from outdoor air infiltration. It provides equations for estimating space temperatures and outlines the outdoor and indoor design temperature selection process. Further sections cover transmission heat losses through surfaces and infiltration heat losses, describing the air-change and crack methods for calculating infiltration rates.
Challenges Related to Measuring and Reporting Temperature-Dependent Apparent ...RDH Building Science
In North America, the apparent thermal conductivity (and R-value) of building insulation materials is commonly reported at a mean temperature of 24°C (75°F) and practitioners typically assume thermal properties remain constant over the range of temperatures that are experienced in building applications. Researchers have long known and acknowledged the fact that the thermal properties of most building insulation materials change with temperature. There has been little more than academic reason to measure and report this effect. However, interest in temperature-dependent thermal performance has grown with the introduction of new materials, increasing concerns regarding energy performance, and the development of tools transient energy, thermal, and hygrothermal simulation software packages (e.g. Energy Plus, HEAT2, WUFI etc.) that have capacity to account for temperature-dependence. Continue reading by clicking the Download link to the left.
Presented at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
This document describes the process of how wet cooling towers function to transfer waste heat from industrial processes to the atmosphere. The warm water returns to the top of the cooling tower and trickles down over fill material, contacting an upward flow of ambient air induced by fans. This contact causes some of the water to evaporate, cooling the remaining water which is then ready to recirculate. Dissolved salts are left behind in the water, increasing its concentration, so blowdown removes some water to control the salt level while fresh makeup water is added to compensate for losses from evaporation, drift, and blowdown.
This document describes an experimental apparatus designed to visualize mixed convection flows in vertical, horizontal, and inclined pipes. The key aspects of the design allow for flow visualization over the entire heated portion of the test section for the first time. This is achieved through use of a thin, electrically conductive gold film heater attached to the outside of a plexiglass pipe, and enclosing this pipe within a larger evacuated plexiglass tube for insulation. The experimental apparatus is used to investigate flow patterns through dye injection visualization in the different pipe orientations. Flow patterns observed include steady recirculating flows and laminar instabilities in vertical pipes, and steady spiraling flows in inclined and horizontal pipes.
Accounting for climate change-induced change in space heating demand: case of...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes a study that accounted for climate change-induced reductions in space heating demand in Denmark. Researchers used 9 climate models and 2 climate scenarios to project heating degree days and future heating demands through 2050. Heating demands were calculated for each 11x11 km grid cell based on building attributes. The study found that for every 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature, heating demand decreased by 7%. Modeling results showed climate change led to a cheaper heating system, lower heating demands, and a smaller reduction in CO2 emissions than expected.
Combining Infrared Thermography and Numerical Analysis for Evaluating Thermal...IJERA Editor
Energy dispersions for transmission in buildings with highly insulated envelope are mainly due to thermal bridges. And because the energy certification of buildings shall be based on real thermal performance and not on theoretical components, nowadays their incidence on energy saving is relevant. Currently, infrared thermography is considered exclusively as a qualitative tool to detect thermal irregularities in buildings, but thermographic inspection allows not only the localization of thermal bridges, but also the identification of temperature field and, therefore, the quantization of the energy losses through such elements of discontinuities. This approach marks a shift from a qualitative to a quantitative analysis of the thermographic image of a building. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of three different types of thermal bridge, estimated as a percentage increase of the homogeneous wall thermal transmittance. Results are obtained exclusively with thermographic surveys without further information on the wall stratigraphy. Finally, the methodology has been validated by comparing with the results obtained by numerical calculation.
Film Condensation Behaviour of Steam on Isothermal Walls in Presence of Non-C...ijceronline
Numerical modelling of condensation had been a challenging task for the researchers for many years due to its time scale and rapidity. Present work deals with the characterization of condensation in presence of non-condensable gases on isothermal surfaces which is a common situation in many condensing devices. The investigation includes the effect of different flow parameters on condensation of saturated steam-air mixture using a numerical approach. The study uses wall condensation model through ANSYS CFX solver. The effect of mass fraction of steam, operating pressure and mass flow rate of mixture is studied. Investigation provides some key characteristics about film condensation which normally remain absent in condensation without non-condensable gas. The findings of this study will provide valuable insight in thermal design process of components incorporating this phenomenon.
in-situ g-value for monitoring of existing building facades Daniel Plorer (Un...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
This document summarizes results from the FACEcamp project measuring the solar heat gain coefficient (g-value) of building facades in situ. Round robin tests found good agreement between measured g-values from an in-situ measurement device and calorimetric chamber measurements. Measurements of a sun shading system showed increasing g-values with higher angles of solar incidence, as expected. Comparisons with simulations from the WINDOW program also showed good agreement. The in-situ measurement device allows evaluating facade performance under real-world conditions.
Chiara Pozzuoli, RWDI, London (UK) “The Art of Shaping the Building Envelope ...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
Chiara Pozzuoli presented on shaping buildings to optimize their performance in wind conditions. Wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to evaluate wind loads on structures and identify responses to different shapes, orientations, and surrounding conditions. Optimization of the shape through tapering, setbacks, and other strategies can significantly reduce peak wind loads and moments on the structure. Non-wind issues like glare, thermal performance, falling snow, icing, and rainwater runoff must also be considered in the design of the building envelope.
Christina Hopfe, Loughborough University (UK) “Addressing uncertainties in si...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
Paolo Rosato, University of Trieste (IT) “Managing economic analysis of build...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
The document evaluates rooftop and vertical gardens as an adaptation strategy for urban areas under climate change. It discusses how vegetation can help reduce the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff. The study constructed a green roof field site and green roof hydrology model to assess the benefits of green roof infrastructure and vertical gardens in a Canadian context. It found that both technologies can help lower surface temperatures and reduce cooling loads in buildings.
4 - Positive effects of Urban Green Infrastrucutre on other industries - Jure...Jure Šumi
Vegetated Roofs and Walls to Enhance Living Condition Webinar organised by:
- Slovenian Green Infrastructure Association,
- World Green Infrastructure Network,
- National Institute for Biology and
- Urbanscape Green Solutions by Knauf Insulation.
Endorsed by MEP Ljudmila Novak.
Jure Šumi is a Representative and Spokesperson of European WGIN Business Group and President of Slovenian Green Infrastructure Association.
The presentation presents major benefits of green infrastructure focusing on:
- stormwater management
- urban heat island effect
- energy efficiency in relation to PV electricity production & air-conditioning
- energy efficiency of building
- climate mitigation
On the end also presents recommendations how to improve the position of Urban Green Infrastructure within the EU spatial planning environment.
This document is Ian McLeod's portfolio for his Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. It includes summaries of two projects completed as part of his graduate studies. The first project involved building a two-cover flat plate solar collector and using temperature measurements to calculate the collector's overall loss coefficient. Ian was responsible for constructing the collector, developing equations to model heat transfer, and coding data collection and analysis in LabView and Matlab. The second project used statistical analysis methods to assess risk for small-scale wind energy investments. Ian developed discriminant analysis, error estimation, and other statistical models in Matlab. Both projects demonstrated Ian's engineering and analytical skills in renewable energy applications.
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH FENESTRATION SYSTEM (M.TECH THESIS)-2015SRIJNA SINGH
In India 35% of total energy being consumed for buildings and it is growing 8% annually. The growing energy demand for buildings leads from traditional biomass to commercial fuels, this results in increasing carbon emissions and aggravates power shortages in India. Fenestration system are the largest elements for energy loss in buildings. Accurate and exact evaluation of transfer performance is critical in determining overall use of energy in building. Hence, two dimensional (2-D) heat transfer analysis transfer can be used to determine thermal performance
as three dimensional (3-D) may be complex one as compared to 2-D. All two dimensional results can be analyzed using WINDOW and THERM software while, practical experiment can be analyzed using hot box method but it is too expensive for each product. Results were obtained for broad range of products in market with frame materials, spacers, insulated glass units (IGU). All 2-D results were obtained with THERM6/WINDOW6. All three modes of heat transfer mechanism were incorporated in heat transfer modeling. For energy transfer we have to determine U factor i.e. heat transfer coefficient which tells about heat transfer Results shows that different material had great impact on the performance of heat transfer while, the
spacer systems did not have much impact on the 2-D results as it only focus on reducing moisture content of building fenestration and prevent from mold development. It can be concluded that if we concentrate on different material and varies boundary conditions we get different results which can be great help in reducing global warming and heat transfer that is contrast reducing energy loss
Theoretical study of heat transfer through a sun space filled with a porous m...Ahmed Al-Sammarraie
This document presents a theoretical study of heat transfer through a sun space filled with either a porous medium (glass balls) or air. The study developed mathematical models to describe the heat transfer based on energy balances of the glass layer, storage wall surfaces, and wall layer. The models were one-dimensional and assumed constant properties. The results showed that using a porous medium enhanced both the heat transferred to and stored in the storage wall, with increases of 19.7% for outside wall temperature and 20.3% for inside wall temperature, compared to using air.
The document summarizes research on highly insulating windows conducted by the Windows and Daylighting Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The group consists of 10-15 researchers dedicated to improving window performance. Key areas of focus include developing triple glazings, improving frame performance, and testing low-e storm windows as a cost-effective way to increase insulation. Preliminary estimates show low-e storm windows can reduce whole home heating energy use by 19-27% over a winter season with a payback period of 3-5 years depending on the home.
A Pitched Roof with Forced Ventilation to Limit
Solar Gains by Enrico Caffagni, Antonio Libbra, Alberto Muscio* and Luca Tarozzi in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
The façade type closed cavity facade (CCF) avoids the pollution of its inside surfaces as it is not exposed to ventilation. Condensation is suppressed with the supply of dried air to the inside, but the amount is very low, as the unit is constructed to be almost air tight
This document discusses methods for calculating heat loads and indoor design conditions for HVAC systems. It describes two types of heat losses from buildings as transmitted through surfaces and from outdoor air infiltration. It provides equations for estimating space temperatures and outlines the outdoor and indoor design temperature selection process. Further sections cover transmission heat losses through surfaces and infiltration heat losses, describing the air-change and crack methods for calculating infiltration rates.
Challenges Related to Measuring and Reporting Temperature-Dependent Apparent ...RDH Building Science
In North America, the apparent thermal conductivity (and R-value) of building insulation materials is commonly reported at a mean temperature of 24°C (75°F) and practitioners typically assume thermal properties remain constant over the range of temperatures that are experienced in building applications. Researchers have long known and acknowledged the fact that the thermal properties of most building insulation materials change with temperature. There has been little more than academic reason to measure and report this effect. However, interest in temperature-dependent thermal performance has grown with the introduction of new materials, increasing concerns regarding energy performance, and the development of tools transient energy, thermal, and hygrothermal simulation software packages (e.g. Energy Plus, HEAT2, WUFI etc.) that have capacity to account for temperature-dependence. Continue reading by clicking the Download link to the left.
Presented at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
This document describes the process of how wet cooling towers function to transfer waste heat from industrial processes to the atmosphere. The warm water returns to the top of the cooling tower and trickles down over fill material, contacting an upward flow of ambient air induced by fans. This contact causes some of the water to evaporate, cooling the remaining water which is then ready to recirculate. Dissolved salts are left behind in the water, increasing its concentration, so blowdown removes some water to control the salt level while fresh makeup water is added to compensate for losses from evaporation, drift, and blowdown.
This document describes an experimental apparatus designed to visualize mixed convection flows in vertical, horizontal, and inclined pipes. The key aspects of the design allow for flow visualization over the entire heated portion of the test section for the first time. This is achieved through use of a thin, electrically conductive gold film heater attached to the outside of a plexiglass pipe, and enclosing this pipe within a larger evacuated plexiglass tube for insulation. The experimental apparatus is used to investigate flow patterns through dye injection visualization in the different pipe orientations. Flow patterns observed include steady recirculating flows and laminar instabilities in vertical pipes, and steady spiraling flows in inclined and horizontal pipes.
Accounting for climate change-induced change in space heating demand: case of...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes a study that accounted for climate change-induced reductions in space heating demand in Denmark. Researchers used 9 climate models and 2 climate scenarios to project heating degree days and future heating demands through 2050. Heating demands were calculated for each 11x11 km grid cell based on building attributes. The study found that for every 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature, heating demand decreased by 7%. Modeling results showed climate change led to a cheaper heating system, lower heating demands, and a smaller reduction in CO2 emissions than expected.
Combining Infrared Thermography and Numerical Analysis for Evaluating Thermal...IJERA Editor
Energy dispersions for transmission in buildings with highly insulated envelope are mainly due to thermal bridges. And because the energy certification of buildings shall be based on real thermal performance and not on theoretical components, nowadays their incidence on energy saving is relevant. Currently, infrared thermography is considered exclusively as a qualitative tool to detect thermal irregularities in buildings, but thermographic inspection allows not only the localization of thermal bridges, but also the identification of temperature field and, therefore, the quantization of the energy losses through such elements of discontinuities. This approach marks a shift from a qualitative to a quantitative analysis of the thermographic image of a building. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of three different types of thermal bridge, estimated as a percentage increase of the homogeneous wall thermal transmittance. Results are obtained exclusively with thermographic surveys without further information on the wall stratigraphy. Finally, the methodology has been validated by comparing with the results obtained by numerical calculation.
Film Condensation Behaviour of Steam on Isothermal Walls in Presence of Non-C...ijceronline
Numerical modelling of condensation had been a challenging task for the researchers for many years due to its time scale and rapidity. Present work deals with the characterization of condensation in presence of non-condensable gases on isothermal surfaces which is a common situation in many condensing devices. The investigation includes the effect of different flow parameters on condensation of saturated steam-air mixture using a numerical approach. The study uses wall condensation model through ANSYS CFX solver. The effect of mass fraction of steam, operating pressure and mass flow rate of mixture is studied. Investigation provides some key characteristics about film condensation which normally remain absent in condensation without non-condensable gas. The findings of this study will provide valuable insight in thermal design process of components incorporating this phenomenon.
in-situ g-value for monitoring of existing building facades Daniel Plorer (Un...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
This document summarizes results from the FACEcamp project measuring the solar heat gain coefficient (g-value) of building facades in situ. Round robin tests found good agreement between measured g-values from an in-situ measurement device and calorimetric chamber measurements. Measurements of a sun shading system showed increasing g-values with higher angles of solar incidence, as expected. Comparisons with simulations from the WINDOW program also showed good agreement. The in-situ measurement device allows evaluating facade performance under real-world conditions.
Chiara Pozzuoli, RWDI, London (UK) “The Art of Shaping the Building Envelope ...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
Chiara Pozzuoli presented on shaping buildings to optimize their performance in wind conditions. Wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to evaluate wind loads on structures and identify responses to different shapes, orientations, and surrounding conditions. Optimization of the shape through tapering, setbacks, and other strategies can significantly reduce peak wind loads and moments on the structure. Non-wind issues like glare, thermal performance, falling snow, icing, and rainwater runoff must also be considered in the design of the building envelope.
Christina Hopfe, Loughborough University (UK) “Addressing uncertainties in si...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
Paolo Rosato, University of Trieste (IT) “Managing economic analysis of build...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
The document evaluates rooftop and vertical gardens as an adaptation strategy for urban areas under climate change. It discusses how vegetation can help reduce the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff. The study constructed a green roof field site and green roof hydrology model to assess the benefits of green roof infrastructure and vertical gardens in a Canadian context. It found that both technologies can help lower surface temperatures and reduce cooling loads in buildings.
4 - Positive effects of Urban Green Infrastrucutre on other industries - Jure...Jure Šumi
Vegetated Roofs and Walls to Enhance Living Condition Webinar organised by:
- Slovenian Green Infrastructure Association,
- World Green Infrastructure Network,
- National Institute for Biology and
- Urbanscape Green Solutions by Knauf Insulation.
Endorsed by MEP Ljudmila Novak.
Jure Šumi is a Representative and Spokesperson of European WGIN Business Group and President of Slovenian Green Infrastructure Association.
The presentation presents major benefits of green infrastructure focusing on:
- stormwater management
- urban heat island effect
- energy efficiency in relation to PV electricity production & air-conditioning
- energy efficiency of building
- climate mitigation
On the end also presents recommendations how to improve the position of Urban Green Infrastructure within the EU spatial planning environment.
This document is Ian McLeod's portfolio for his Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. It includes summaries of two projects completed as part of his graduate studies. The first project involved building a two-cover flat plate solar collector and using temperature measurements to calculate the collector's overall loss coefficient. Ian was responsible for constructing the collector, developing equations to model heat transfer, and coding data collection and analysis in LabView and Matlab. The second project used statistical analysis methods to assess risk for small-scale wind energy investments. Ian developed discriminant analysis, error estimation, and other statistical models in Matlab. Both projects demonstrated Ian's engineering and analytical skills in renewable energy applications.
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH FENESTRATION SYSTEM (M.TECH THESIS)-2015SRIJNA SINGH
In India 35% of total energy being consumed for buildings and it is growing 8% annually. The growing energy demand for buildings leads from traditional biomass to commercial fuels, this results in increasing carbon emissions and aggravates power shortages in India. Fenestration system are the largest elements for energy loss in buildings. Accurate and exact evaluation of transfer performance is critical in determining overall use of energy in building. Hence, two dimensional (2-D) heat transfer analysis transfer can be used to determine thermal performance
as three dimensional (3-D) may be complex one as compared to 2-D. All two dimensional results can be analyzed using WINDOW and THERM software while, practical experiment can be analyzed using hot box method but it is too expensive for each product. Results were obtained for broad range of products in market with frame materials, spacers, insulated glass units (IGU). All 2-D results were obtained with THERM6/WINDOW6. All three modes of heat transfer mechanism were incorporated in heat transfer modeling. For energy transfer we have to determine U factor i.e. heat transfer coefficient which tells about heat transfer Results shows that different material had great impact on the performance of heat transfer while, the
spacer systems did not have much impact on the 2-D results as it only focus on reducing moisture content of building fenestration and prevent from mold development. It can be concluded that if we concentrate on different material and varies boundary conditions we get different results which can be great help in reducing global warming and heat transfer that is contrast reducing energy loss
Theoretical study of heat transfer through a sun space filled with a porous m...Ahmed Al-Sammarraie
This document presents a theoretical study of heat transfer through a sun space filled with either a porous medium (glass balls) or air. The study developed mathematical models to describe the heat transfer based on energy balances of the glass layer, storage wall surfaces, and wall layer. The models were one-dimensional and assumed constant properties. The results showed that using a porous medium enhanced both the heat transferred to and stored in the storage wall, with increases of 19.7% for outside wall temperature and 20.3% for inside wall temperature, compared to using air.
The document summarizes research on highly insulating windows conducted by the Windows and Daylighting Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The group consists of 10-15 researchers dedicated to improving window performance. Key areas of focus include developing triple glazings, improving frame performance, and testing low-e storm windows as a cost-effective way to increase insulation. Preliminary estimates show low-e storm windows can reduce whole home heating energy use by 19-27% over a winter season with a payback period of 3-5 years depending on the home.
A Pitched Roof with Forced Ventilation to Limit
Solar Gains by Enrico Caffagni, Antonio Libbra, Alberto Muscio* and Luca Tarozzi in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
The façade type closed cavity facade (CCF) avoids the pollution of its inside surfaces as it is not exposed to ventilation. Condensation is suppressed with the supply of dried air to the inside, but the amount is very low, as the unit is constructed to be almost air tight
12589002_Implementing glass fracture module in BRANZFIRERoss Parry
This document describes the implementation of a glass fracture module in the BRANZFIRE zone fire modeling software. The module is based on existing heat transfer and glass fracture models. It was verified against experimental data and an existing glass fracture software called BREAK1. A sensitivity analysis found that fracture strength was the most important input variable for predicting when glass will fracture. The document provides background on glass fracture modeling and experimental studies on how glass breaks in fires.
CFD Simulation on Gas turbine blade and Effect of Hole Shape on leading edge ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Impact of Window wall ratio on he\at gainMemoona Shees
This document summarizes a study on the effect of window wall ratio (WWR) on heat gain in commercial buildings in Lahore, Pakistan. The study uses computer simulation software to analyze heat gain through windows of different sizes (WWRs) on various orientations. The results show that heat gain generally decreases as WWR decreases, with the south facade producing the highest heat gain and the north facade the lowest. Specifically, heat gain was highest at a WWR of 60% and lowest at 30%. The study recommends smaller windows on the south facade and larger windows on the north facade to reduce cooling loads in Lahore's climate. WWRs of 20-30% are suggested for the south orientation.
IRJET- Smart Technology to Reduce Internal Room Temperature (By Natural Air-C...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using an "eco-cooler" device to reduce interior room temperatures. The eco-cooler is constructed from plastic bottles and functions by compressing hot air entering the bottles' open ends, cooling the air before it passes into the room. The study used ANSYS software to simulate the cooling effect of funnel-shaped eco-coolers installed in windows. The simulation results showed the eco-coolers were able to reduce interior temperatures by 3-4°C in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner. The document concludes the eco-cooler design has potential to be improved and scaled up for greater cooling impact.
IRJET- Smart Technology to Reduce Internal Room Temperature (By Natural A...IRJET Journal
This document describes a smart technology called an "Eco-cooler" that can reduce internal room temperature without using air conditioning. The Eco-cooler is constructed from plastic bottles cut in half and placed in windows. Hot air enters the open end of the bottles and cools as it passes through the narrow neck before entering the room. Simulation results showed the Eco-cooler can lower room temperature by 3-4 degrees Celsius in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way. The document also discusses using thermochromic smart windows that change properties to further control temperature.
Similar to Darren Woolf, Hoare Lea, London (UK) “How flow can you go?” (20)
The document discusses a new methodology for assessing how facades impact thermal comfort using detailed dynamic simulations. It involves:
1) Calculating solar radiation on body parts using Radiance raytracing and accounting for complex fenestration systems.
2) Using the Physiology model (PhySCo) to calculate the body's thermo-physiological response and transient thermal sensation/comfort.
3) Example calculations are shown for different shading systems in Bolzano, Italy, looking at solar load, sensation, and comfort over time and annually.
Michael Reifer, Frener & Reifer, Brixen (IT) “Development and implementation ...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
FACE course as a market driven success story Carlo Battisti (IDM South Tyrol)IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
This document summarizes the results of the FACEcamp training program on façade architecture, construction, and engineering. The program took place from April to December 2018, involved 16 trainees from 7 countries who worked on 16 potential research and development projects. A results seminar was held on May 20, 2019 in Bolzano, Italy to present the projects, evaluate the program, and discuss next steps. Feedback indicated the program was very successful overall, with new knowledge gained and expectations met. The standard FACE training format will continue with another summer school in 2019 and a fourth iteration in 2020.
FaçadeGIS as tool for performance driven facade design Luca Papaiz (glassAdvi...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The document summarizes results from the FACEcamp seminar on May 20, 2019 in Bolzano, Italy. It discusses FacadeGIS, a tool developed through the FACEcamp program that uses 10 years of hourly weather data covering Europe to simulate boundary conditions for facade design. FacadeGIS can determine the hottest and coldest glazing temperatures over 10 years, allowing analysis of climatic loads, thermal comfort, and temperature peaks for laminated glass and sealant feasibility. An upcoming feature will add thermal stress analysis and condensation risk evaluation. The presentation concludes by thanking attendees and providing contact information for the presenters from glassAdvisor GmbH and EURAC Research.
Stefano Avesani, Eurac Research, Institute for Renewable Energy - FACEcamp ov...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
Harald Spitaler, Stahlbau Pichler, Bolzano (IT) “The design assist approach f...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
Jan Cremers, Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart (DE) “Designing Complex Membran...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The Future Envelope 12
Interreg IT-AU FACEcamp project
------------
Conference on Building Envelopes
20-21 May 2019, NOI Techpark, Bolzano (Italy)
"It’s all about performances".
Daniel Arztmann, Schüco International KG, Bielefeld (DE) “Facade Design Strat...IDM Südtirol - Alto Adige
The document discusses strategies for improving urban and interior comfort through facade design. As the global population grows and urbanizes, living and working space for billions of additional people in cities will be needed by 2050. Facades must balance exterior demands like varying temperatures and interior needs including natural light, ventilation, and security. Both passive and active solutions are explored. Passive approaches include sound-absorbing facade units that can reduce noise levels. Active systems involve intelligent combinations of mechanics, electronics, and digital technologies, such as prototypes for acoustic windows with active noise control. The future of facades is framed as an important factor in sustainable, livable urban development.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Darren Woolf, Hoare Lea, London (UK) “How flow can you go?”
1. The Future Envelope 12
It’s all about performances
How flow can you go?
Prof Darren Woolf
Hoare Lea / Loughborough University
www.interreg.net
FACEcamp final event | Bolzano, 20-21 May 2019
FACEcamp is funded by European Regional Development Fund and Interreg V-A Italy-Austria 2014-2020.
2. Contents
Ventilation flow:
• Case study 1: Simulating wind pressures (driving force for air flow
through façade)
• Case study 2: Calculating pressure losses (effective areas &
discharge coefficients) and resulting flow through façade openings
Heat flow:
• Case study 3: Heat flow through complex glazing systems
• Case study 4: Impact of glass temperature on room air flow
• Case study 5: Heat transfer with multiple phases (solid, air, water)
and condensation risk
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
3. Case study 1: Local wind pressure at a crack or opening
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Wind flow
around
buildings is
very complex.
‘Steady-state’
CFD calculation
(no gusts,
averaged flow).
4. Case study 1: Local wind pressure at a crack or opening
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Pressure on horizontal plane 20m above ground level
Positive and
negative
pressures with
different
magnitudes on
different areas
of façade.
One connected
pressure-flow
system.
5. Case study 1: Local wind pressure at a crack or opening
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Natural ventilation
flow highly dependent
on pressure
differential between
connected openings
(e.g. across an
apartment from one
window to another).
6. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Case study 1: Local wind pressure at a crack or opening
Dynamic thermal model
Positive
pressure
predicted
Uniform
horizontally
Negative
pressure
predicted
(sheltered)
Non-uniform
horizontally
CFD model
WINDWARD FAÇADE:
7. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Case study 1: Local wind pressure at a crack or opening
LEEWARD FAÇADE:
Dynamic thermal model
Negative
pressure
predicted
CFD model
Positive
pressure
predicted
8. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Case study 1: Local wind pressure at a crack or opening
Dynamic thermal model
settings for wind pressure
coefficient:
• Building type
• Exposure
• Height up facade
Apartment results:
Compliance test for overheating
risk in living room / kitchen
changed from ‘marginal fail’ to
‘pass’ using CFD-based wind
pressure coefficients.
Both bedrooms also improved.
9. Top-hung
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Side-hung
Discharge coefficient and effective area
Bottom-hung
Free areaDischarge coefficient (Cd)
Pressure loss e.g.
due to turbulence
Effective area is NOT
a width x height)
Jones and Cook: A review of ventilation opening area
terminology, Energy and Buildings, March 2016
‘An effective area, defined as the product of its discharge
coefficient and its free area, is proposed as a standard
description because it is unambiguous and its measurement
is governed by recognised standards.’
[Also ‘new’ CIBSE AM10]
Flow rate = Factor x Pressure difference
10. Case study 2: Single-sided ventilation
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Inside
Outside
Horizontal section through vent unit
Vent unit
zone
Outside
Occupied zone
Perimeter zone
Office space
(adjacent spaces not shown)
11. Case study 2: Single-sided ventilation
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Flow in
Flow out
Air velocity
Flow
out
Flow
in
12. Case study 2: Single-sided ventilation
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
For same geometry, pressure
loss or effective area inwards ≠
pressure loss or effective area
outwards.
Effective area inwards (also
input to dynamic thermal
model) calculated to be six
times less than original
design target.
Design impact of study:
Attenuators removed.
Energy dissipation rate
Flow
in
Flow
out
13. Heat flow through glazing and comfort conditions
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
g-value
Shortwave
radiation
Surface
convection
Longwave
radiation
Sun patch spread over dynamic thermal
model surface (changes location over time)
Inside surface
temperature of glass
uniform over all
surface (unless areas
are split)
Local shading
Key glass
properties
14. Case study 3: Heat flow through complex glazing system
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Closed cavity façade (CCF) system
Automatic interstitial blind
operation in dynamic
thermal model (reduced
solar gain & glare control).
15. Case study 3: Heat flow through complex glazing system
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
• R&D with vendors to capture
heat transfer and gains with
required controls.
• Challenge to vary blind operation
with incident solar gains and
resulting daylighting levels.
• Challenge to vary internal
artificial lighting and associated
heat gains with blind operation.
• Similar performance to brise
soleil system which allowed floor
to ceiling glazing.
Model 1
Single external surface
with four layers
including blind
Model 2
Single external zone
with controls for blind
16. Case study 4: Impact of glass temperature on room air flow
Winter
Glass inside surface
temperature 9.3°C
Summer
Glass inside surface
temperature 31.2°C
All surface temperatures fixed values in
CFD taken from dynamic thermal model
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
17. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Summer
Case study 4: Impact of glass temperature on room air flow
Glass temperature 31.2°C
fixed and uniformCool jet does not
reach occupied zone
Supply air 0.7m3/s @14.0°C
18. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Winter
Case study 4: Impact of glass temperature on room air flow
Glass temperature 9.3°C
fixed and uniformWarm jet does reach
occupied zone
Supply air 0.7m3/s @23.0°C
19. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Case study 4: Impact of glass temperature on room air flow
Winter
Fixed glass
inside surface
temperature
Air
Surface
Variable glass
inside surface
temperature
20. Case study 5: Condensation risk and multi-phased flow
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Supply
Extract
Pool
Spa
Heated floor
Basement pool / spa room with light well to garden area above
Light well ~28°C air temperature,
~60% RH
21. Case study 5: Condensation risk and multi-phased flow
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Solid
Pond water (assumed 0°C at top surface)
Air with
moisture
Light well materials and conjugate heat transfer results (CFD)
Does condensation drip off underside of acrylic?
22. T.water(in) = f [T.water(out), heat gain in pipe and through plant room, flow rate]
Case study 5: Condensation risk and multi-phased flow
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
water(out)
water(in)
water(out)
water(in)
Pond water model
23. Case study 5: Condensation risk and multi-phased flow
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
Light well condensation risk
• Moisture dynamics – slight fogging or large droplets forming and falling?
• Strategy was to increase thickness of acrylic and gauge complaints!
24. Summary and conclusions
• Dynamic thermal and CFD modelling are powerful approaches used
to drive building design.
• Understanding limitations of the adopted approaches supports
good interpretation and, therefore, development of better designs.
The approach could impact pass-fail judgements for the design.
• Current approach to wind pressures and resulting ventilating flows is
quite simplistic. Often complex, particularly when using non-
standard openings.
• Heat flow through glazing can also be complex. The way that the
inside surface temperature is calculated may impact the room air
flow characteristics.
• Heat, air and moisture transport can be combined into one detailed
assessment providing added insights.
The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano
25. Thank you for your attention!
www.interreg.net
Prof Darren Woolf
Hoare Lea / Loughborough University
FACEcamp is funded by European Regional Development Fund and Interreg V-A Italy-Austria 2014-2020.