Sabine Hoffmann, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (DE) “How facades impact thermal comfort – a new methodology for assessment“
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The document discusses a new methodology for assessing how facades impact thermal comfort using detailed dynamic simulations. It involves: 1) Calculating solar radiation on body parts using Radiance raytracing and accounting for complex fenestration systems. 2) Using the Physiology model (PhySCo) to calculate the body's thermo-physiological response and transient thermal sensation/comfort. 3) Example calculations are shown for different shading systems in Bolzano, Italy, looking at solar load, sensation, and comfort over time and annually.
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Sabine Hoffmann, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (DE) “How facades impact thermal comfort – a new methodology for assessment“
- 1. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano How facades impact thermal comfort : A new methodology for assessment Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sabine Hoffmann TU Kaiserslautern
- 2. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano • Future envelopes need to focus on energy reduction and users’ comfort • Daylight and solar radiation are main influences on visual and thermal comfort • Trades-offs are often necessary • Solar and light management is becoming more and more important • Detailed assessment methods are necessary Introduction 2
- 3. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano What is new? • Variable occupant positions in the space, complex room geometries • Detailed calculation of solar radiation on body parts – Radiance raytracing calculations – BSDF for complex fenestration systems (shading systems) • Transient calculation of the body’s thermo-physiological reaction – PhySCo: Physiology model • Transient calculation of thermal sensation and thermal comfort – PhySCo: Sensation and Comfort model A new methodology for assessment 3
- 4. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Transient assessment of thermal comfort PhySCo Radiance 4 Building Simulation
- 5. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, BolzanoThe Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Calculating solar load with Radiance 5 Continuous sky Discretized sky Geometry of room and manikin Solar load on body • Complex room geometry possible • Varying postures and positions
- 6. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, BolzanoThe Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Possible workflows Conventional raytracing The Three-Phase Method with BSDF BSDF 6 • “Point in time” • Macro systems • Annual calculations • Micro systems
- 7. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano PhySCo: Physiology, sensation, and comfort Skin & Core temperatures Local Solar Load (W) Local + Overall Sensation Overall Comfort T_air (°C) V_air (m/s) RH (%) Local MRT (°C) Metabolic Rate (met) Clothing type (clo) Physiology 7 Sensation Comfort Local Comfort
- 8. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano 1 2 6 8 10 4 12 14 1615 13 11 9 7 5 3 Shortwave Radiation Longwave Radiation Respiration Thermoregulation Vasodilation Vasoconstriction Convection Evaporation Physiology Zhang 2003 Sensation and Comfort • no-opposite sensation • opposite sensation • mean based -> acceptance • complaint driven -> discomfort θi,j 8 Stolwijk, Tanabe PhySCo: Physiology, sensation, and comfort
- 9. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Example calculations: Thermal comfort with shading systems under clear sky conditions in Bolzano, Italy 9
- 10. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Shading systems 1. No shade (clear glass Tvis = Tsol = 60 %) 2. Venetian blinds 0° 3. Venetian blinds 45° 4. Honeycomb 5. Prismatic glass 2 3 4 5 1 10 Reference case
- 11. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Jun 21 Sep 23Mar 20 Dec 22 Sun position 11
- 12. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano 0 50 100 150 200 250 2165 2285 2405 2525 2645 2765 2885 Solarload[W] Time [hr] 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 Solarload[W] Time [hr] 0 50 100 150 200 250 1445 1565 1685 1805 1925 2045 2165 Solarload[W] Time [hr] 0 50 100 150 200 250 725 845 965 1085 1205 1325 1445 Solarload[W] Time [hr] 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 Solar load on all body segments Mar 20 Jun 21Dec 22 Sep 23 12
- 13. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 725 845 965 1085 1205 1325 1445 Overallsensation Time [hr] -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 Overallsensation Time [hr] -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 2165 2285 2405 2525 2645 2765 2885 Overallsensation Time [hr] -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 1445 1565 1685 1805 1925 2045 2165 Overallsensation Time [hr] 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 Overall sensation Mar 20 21 °C – Winter clothing Jun 21 23 °C – Summer clothing Dec 22 21 °C – Winter clothing Sep 23 23 °C – Summer clothing 13
- 14. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 Overallcomfort Time [hr] -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 725 845 965 1085 1205 1325 1445 Overallcomfort Time [hr] -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 2165 2285 2405 2525 2645 2765 2885 Overallcomfort Time [hr] -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 1445 1565 1685 1805 1925 2045 2165 Overallcomfort Time [hr] 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 Overall comfort Mar 20 21 °C – Winter clothing Jun 21 23 °C – Summer clothing Dec 22 21 °C – Winter clothing Sep 23 23 °C – Summer clothing 14
- 15. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano Annual comfort performance 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Clear Blinds00 Blinds45 HnyCmb PrsmRev89 Overall Sensation -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -5.000 -2.500 0 2.500 5.000 Clear Blinds00 Blinds45 HnyCmb PrsmRev89 Overall Comfort Weighted Nr. of hours Satisfying Dissatisfying 15
- 16. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano 16 Conclusion • Solar radiation is a main influence on thermal comfort -> PMV is not sufficient to assess thermal comfort -> Importance of (dynamic) shading systems • Radiance can be used for detailed solar load calculations on the human body • Detailed calculation methods are available (PhySCo) -> Human-centered assessment method
- 17. The Future Envelope 12 final event 20-21 May 2019, Bolzano • PhySCo in transient building simulation to control and optimize dynamic shading systems • Validation of results through human subject tests in the Living Lab smart office space Outlook 17