This document outlines 8 dangerous signs in newborns that require immediate medical attention: inability to drink or breastfeed, lethargy or unconsciousness, convulsions, grunting with every breath, severe chest indrawing, vomiting everything, cyanosis, and prolonged capillary refill time. The causes of these signs include conditions like CNS infections, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration, intestinal obstruction, and sepsis. Newborns exhibiting any of these signs should be evaluated promptly by a medical professional.

1. DEPARTMENT OF
PAEDIATRICS
DANGEROUS SIGNS IN
NEWBORN
BY-
SANDESH RATHOD-82
SAURABH SAWARDEKAR-92

2. DANGEROUS SIGNS IN THE NEWBORNS
• 1.Unable to drink or
breastfeed
• 2.Lethargy or Unconscious
• 3.Convulsions
• 4.Grunting
• 5.Severe Chest Indrawing
• 6.Vomits Everything
• 7.Cyanosis
• 8.Capillary Refill Time

3. 1.UNABLE TO DRINK OR BREASTFEED
• Ask – Is the child able to drink or breastfeed?
A child who is not able to drink or is vomiting
everything, will not be able to take any
medication or stay well hydrated. Whatever the
underlying condition he cannot be
managed at home and it is likely he will quickly
become sicker.
Causes-
CNS infection
Acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration
Sepsis
Throat abscess

4. 1.UNABLE TO DRINK

5. 2.CHILD IS LETHARGIC OR UNCONSCIOUS
Lethargic or listless babies appear to have little or no
energy, are drowsy or sluggish, and may sleep longer
than usual. They may be hard to wake for feedings
and even when awake, are not alert or attentive to
sounds and visual stimulation. Sometimes, this can
develop slowly and a parent may not notice the
gradual change. Lethargy may be a sign of infection
or other condition, such as low blood glucose (sugar)

6. 2.CHILD IS LETHARGIC OR UNCONSCIOUS

7. 3.GRUNTING
Newborn grunting is usually related to digestion. Your baby is
simply getting used to mother’s milk or formula. They may
have gas or pressure in their stomach that makes them feel
uncomfortable, and they haven’t learned yet how to move
things through.
While most grunting is normal, if your baby is grunting with
every breath, has a fever, or appears to be in distress, see
your doctor.
This grunting may be a sign of a more serious respiratory
problem and needs immediate attention.

8. 3.GRUNTING

9. 4.SEVERE CHEST INDRAWING
Chest indrawing is the inward movement of the lower chest wall
when the child breathes in, and is a sign of respiratory distress.
Chest indrawing does not refer to the inward movement of the
soft tissue between the ribs
Chest indrawing in children <2 years of age requires separate
consideration, as chest indrawing in this age range is less
specific for pneumonia, especially when it is observed alone
without signs of severe respiratory distress (ie, grunting, nasal
flaring, head nodding, tracheal tugging, intercostal retractions,
severe tachypnea).

10. 4.SEVERE CHEST INDRAWING

12. 5.VOMITS EVERYTHING
• Causes-
• 1.Lethargic or Unconscious
• 2.Acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration
• 3.Intestinal obstruction
• 4.Sepsis

13. 5.VOMITS EVERYTHING

14. 6.CONVULSIONS
• The commonest causes of neonatal convulsions include:
• hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (as a result of perinatal asphyxia)
• central nervous system infection
• hypoglycaemia
• hypocalcaemia

15. 7.CYANOSIS
• Central cyanosis — Central cyanosis is caused by reduced arterial
oxygen saturation. Newborn infants normally have central cyanosis
until up to 5 to 10 minutes after birth, as the oxygen saturation rises to
85 to 95 percent by 10 minutes of age. Persistent central cyanosis is
always abnormal and should be evaluated and treated promptly.
• Peripheral cyanosis-Normal at birth.Seen in extremities due to
cold

18. 8.CAPILLARY REFILL TIME
• Indicates tissue perfusion
• Normal CRT<3sec
• Prolonged CRT>3sec
• Hypotension, Hypothermia,Acidosis

20. Thank you!