basic structure and waste effluents

1. Dairy Industry
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Syed Sajid
Sohail,

2. COWS : Nine out of every ten glasses of milk consumed by people come from cows.
BUFFALO: buffalo produce half of the milk consumed in India. Ghee, a kind of
liquid butter, is made from water buffalo milk.(53/ltr)
GOAT: Some people find goat's milk easier to digest than cow's milk. Fat globules
in goat's milk are smaller than in cow's milk. (100rs/ltr)
REINDEER: The fat content of reindeer milk is 22%, six times as much as cow's
milk. It is the only source of milk in northern Scandinavia, because no other dairy
animal can survive in such a cold, hostile environment. ( 3.99$/ltr)
HORSE: Over 700 years ago, Mongolian warriors made a dried-out concentrated
paste from horse milk. When. In southeastern Russia, people use horse milk to
make a alcoholic drink.(1800 rs/ltr)
CAMEL: In the hot desert, camel milk lasts longer than other types of milk. It can last
for seven days at 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), and will last for three
months when properly refrigerated.(20 – 40 rs/ltr)
YAK, DONKEY etc. dairy are also present
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3. the density of milk varies within the range of
1027 to 1033 kg /m3 at 20° C.
The freezing point of milk is usually in the range of -0.512 to -0.550° C with an average of
about -0.522° C.
The pH of milk at 25° C normally varies within a relatively narrow range of 6.5 to 6.7
The boiling point of milk is close to the boiling point of water, which is 100°C or 212°F
at sea level, but milk contains additional molecules in it, so its boiling point is slightly
higher.
Properties
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5. List of dairy plants in India
Maharashtra - 161 plants
Uttar pradesh – 105 plants
Gujarat - 44 plants
In our state - 33 PLANTS
Creamline Dairy Products Limited ,Cream rich Milk Products , Dolphin Milk Products (P)
Ltd. Durga Dairy, Jyothi Dairy Private Limited, Lotus Chocolate Company Ltd , Masqati
Dairy Products Pvt. Ltd, Model Dairy ,Nirma Milk Products (P) Ltd, Nutrine
Confectionery Co Ltd,Sri Godavari Food Products (P) Ltd, Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk
Producers Company Ltd, Sri Vyshnavi Foods Pvt. Ltd, Tirumala Milk Pvt. Ltd. , Tirumala
Milk Products Pvt. Ltd.
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6. Products:
Milk
Milk Products – Fresh
Milk Products - Long Shelf Life
Ice Cream
Beverages
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7. Layout of Dairy Plant
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9. Sources of Waste
1)Receiving station
2)Bottling station
3)Cheese plant
4)Butter plant
5)Casein plant
6)Condensed milk plant
7)Dried milk plant
8)Ice cream plant
9)Water softening plant
10)Bottle and can cleaning plant
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10. Receiving station:
farmers>large containers>transported to bottling or other plants
Bottling plant:
Raw milk> cooling >clarification >filtration >pasteurization > bottling
Wastes: milk drippings and chemicals for cleaning containers and equipment
Cheese plant:
Cooled milk >placed in vat >starter and rennet are added > casein is separated > cheese bars
Wastes : w/w for cleaning utensils and floor
* starter= lactic acid
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11. In the creamery process milk is heated to 30*c and cream is separated from milk
Butter plant:
Pasteurized cream > add selected ripened acid > churned @7- 10*c > butter milk
is drained out> packed for sale
Wastes : w/w cleaning churns , butter milk, small quantity of butter
• Skimmed milk is sent for human conception
• Milk powders are produced by drying
• Spoiled milk is used to make casiens for some plastics
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12. w/w characteristics
pH ---- 6 to 7.2
Alkalinity ---- 600 mg/l
Total dissolved solids ----- 1060 mg/l
Suspended solids ----- 760 mg/l
BOD ----- 1200 mg/l
COD ----- 1600 mg/l
Total nitrogen ------ 80 mg/l
Phosphorous ------ 12 mg/l
Oil and grease ------ 300 mg/l
Chlorides ------ 100 mg/l
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13. Treatment of w/w :
Solid waste:
Hardly any solid waste is produced by the dairy industry.
* B.O.D / C.O.D > 0.6, i.e treated by biological processes like
Trickling Filters, ASP, Oxidation Ponds
• For better economics, the strength and volume of the wastes are
reduced. This is done by:
• Prevention of spills, leakages, dropping of milks from cans
• Reducing amount of water from washing
• Segregating the uncontaminated cooling water and recycling it
• By utilizing butter milk and whey for production of dairy products
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14. Effects of Wastes on the receiving streams:
• w/w is basically organic and alkaline in nature
• If not treated then rapid depletion of D.O of stream occurs
• Growth of sewage fungi
• It also carries mycobacterium causing T.B
• It becomes acidic due to decomposition of lactose to lactic acid and is
harmful to fishes
= 30,000 to 80,000 rupees
= 2,00,000 glasses of milk
= 50,000 liters of milk
= 5* (10,000 ltrs capacity)
= 53rupees*50,000 = 26,50,000 rupees
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15. References:
• Waste-Water treatment by M.N.rao , A.K.Dutta
• Industrial Water and Wastewater Management by Dr. K.V.S.G murali krishna
• www.heritagefoods.co.in
• http://varshinidairyfarm.blogspot.in
• http://www.fao.org
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