3. How does learning about family as a social unit in UCSP help us understand the social and political factors surrounding it?

1. D. Early Philippine
Society (250,000
BCE- 1565)

2. 1.Theoretical and Legendary
Origin of the Philippines
1.Northern Philippines was adjoined
to Formosa (26-58 million years
ago)
-happened during Eocene,
Oligocene and Miocene epoch
-through volcanism and tectonic
plates, disjunction happened

3. 2. Part of a “Lost Continent”
-”Mu” or “Lemuria”
- including Marianas Islands,
Borneo, Java and Sumatra
3. Land bridge Theory/Asiatic Theory
- Philippines was part of
Mainland Asia
(250,000 yrs ago)

4. 4. Sunda and Sahul Theory
-extensions of continental
shelves in Asia
-based on “Land Bridges Theory”
that Philippines, Indonesia,
New Guinea and
Australia were
connected

5. *Sunda
-coastal shelf of South East
Asia
-covers Malay Peninsula, Java,
Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan
*Sahul
-coastal shelf of Australia
-covers Indonesia, New Guinea,
Australia

6. 5. Pacific Volcanic/Magmatic Theory
-Philippines was came after the
eruptions of volcanoes beneath
Pacific Ocean
6. Bottom of the Sea Theory
-proposed by Dr. Fritjof Voss
-Philippines was located in the
bottom of the sea but rose-up
because of earthquakes

7. 6. Tagalog legend of Bathala, Amihan
and Aman Sinaya
-Philippines was formed after
the battle between Bathala and
Aman Sinaya
7. Giant’s Skin dirt
legend (“libag”)

8. 2. Theoretical Origin of the
Filipinos
Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens Homo sapiens sapiens
*came to the PH
34,000 years ago

9. 1. Tabon Man (22,000-24,000 yrs ago)
- Homo sapiens sapiens discovered
by Dr. Robert Fox in Palawan
(1962)
- Analyzed by Neil McIntosh in
University of Sydney
and found that it was
female, 28-35 y.o.

10. • Used cooking fires because of
charcoal layers in caves (7,000-
22,000 BCE)
• Used flake stone tools, chert and
animal bones as their ornaments

11. 2. Callao Man (67,000 years ago)
- Homo sapiens sapiens discovered
by Dr. Armand Mijares (2007,
2011,2015) in Cagayan
- studied by Phil Piper but cannot be
identified on what genus of
“Homo”

12. - older than Homo sapiens
who lived only 34,000
years ago
- called also as “Homo Luzonensis”
3. Kalinga Man (709,000 years ago)
- discovered through the bones
of butchered “Rhinoceros
philippinensis” in Rizal, Kalinga

14. *Waves of Migration Theory
-proposed by Henry Otley
Beyer
-states that Filipinos
were came from “waves”
of ancestors:
1. Dawn Man
- Asian Homo Erectus
(250,000 years ago)

15. 2. Negritos (25,000-30,000 years ago)
-aboriginal pygmy group
3. Indones (5,000-6,000 years ago)
-seafaring tool group
4. Malay (2,300 years ago)
-seafaring and more civilized
group

16. -the theory was related to the
legend of “10 Bornean Datus”
who settled in the
Philippines
-the theory has been debunked
since 1936 because of evident
studies on “Austronesians” as
legitimate ancestors of Filipinos

17. *Island Origin Theory
-proposed by Wilhelm Solheim II
that the early South East Asian
people were “Austronesians”
he called “Nusantao” from
Sulu and Celebes
-the group spread
through water networks

18. *Mainland Origin Theory
-proposed by Peter Bellwood
that the early South East Asian
people were “Austronesians”
from South China and Taiwan
(5,000 BCE)

19. Austronesians
-comes from Latin terms “Austro”
(south) and “Nesis” (people)
-seafaring people who moved from
their original homeland in South East
Asia (Neolithic Age)
-spoke “Proto-Austronesian” or
“Malayo-Polynesian” language
(extinct)

20. -the group spread in South East
Asia, Oceania, New Zealand,
Hawaii, Madagascar, Easter
Island
-invented the “Outrigger Canoe”

21. *Core Population Theory
-proposed by Felipe Landa
Jocano
-Filipinos did not come from
anywhere outside the country,
instead it was one of those
places where some humans
evolved

22. -states that Filipino culture
evolved in 3 stages:
1.Formative Period (50,000 BC)
-Old and New Stone Age
2. Incipient Period (500 BC)
-Metal Age
3. Emergent Period (1 AD)
-formation of Barangays

23. 3. Pre-Colonial Life
1. HOUSES
-caves
-Nipa Huts
2. DRESSING
-Kangan
-Bahag
-Camisa
-Patadyong

24. 3. ORNAMENTS
-Kalumbiga (armlets)
-Tattoos
4. SOCIAL CLASSES
-nobles
-freemen
-slaves
5. GOVERNMENT
-Barangay
-Sultanate

25. 6. LAWS
-Maragtas Code
7. JUDICIAL PROCESS
-”Trial by Ordeal”
-candle trial, water trial,
Palay trial
8. MARRIAGE CUSTOMS
-giving of “Dote” or “Bigay-kaya”
-had a concept of divorce

26. 9. RELIGION
-”Paganism”
*Gods/Goddess:
Bathala- Supreme God
Idianale- agriculture
Sidapa- death
Agni- fire
Mandarangan- war
Lalahon- harvest
Siginaguran- hell

27. 10. PUBERTY RITES
-led by “Katalonas” or “Babaylans”
- called as”Bagontao” and “Dalaga”
11. MOURNING/BURIAL
*Laraw- Datu
*Maglahi- woman
*Morotal- man

28. 12. LANGUAGES
-”Malayo-Polynesian”
13. LITERATURE
*Awit- songs
*Salawikain- Proverbs
*Hele- cradle songs
*Bugtong- riddles
*Ihiman- wedding song
*Kumintang- war songs

29. *Written literatures:
-Hudhud
-Alim
-Biag ni Lam-Ang
-Indarapatra at Sulayman
-Bantugan
-Handiong

30. 14. MUSIC
-Kudyapi (Tagalog guitar)
-Tultogan (Visayan drum)
-Silbay (Ilocano flute)
-Kutibeng (Ilocano guitar)
15. DANCES
-Mahinhin (for courtship)
-Kinnotan (Ants dance)
-Tadek (Love dance)

31. 4. Economic and cultural
transactions to Asian neighbors
1. INDONESIANS (9th century)
1.1 Sri Vijaya
-from Sumatra, Indonesia
-Malayo-Buddhist empire
1.2 Madjapahit
-from Java, Indonesia
-Hindu-Malayan empire

32. 2. VIETNAMESE
*Orang Dampuans (900 AD)
-established trading post
in Sulu
-influenced the Buranuns
3. BORNEANS
*Orang Banjar
-participated pearl trade
in Sulu

33. 4. INDIANS (1 AD)
-influenced Philippines through:
*belief in Bathala
*superstitions
*wearing of Putong, Sarong
*340 Saskrit words

34. 5. CHINESE (960-1127 AD)
-Ma-I traded to Canton (982 AD)
-Emperor Yung Lo led an
expedition (60 vessels) from
1405-1417
-Made a Chinese colony in
Manila

36. -influenced the Philippines through:
*gunpowder
*umbrellas and kites
*Porcelains
*foods
*Feng Shui
*Chinese words
*wearing of
white clothes

37. 6. JAPANESE
-traded through “Bahan” and
“Wakos”
-traded perfumes, irons and
woolens
-established a settlement in
Manila (Dilao)
-influenced Philippines though
metalworks and duck-fish
raising

38. 7. ARABIANS
- influenced Philippines through:
*Sultanate Government
*Luwaran (Code of Laws)
*Arabic words
*Warfare (Lantaka, Vinta)
*Darangan (epic poetry)
*Islam religion

39. Rise of Islam (14th century)
-Karim Al Makhdum reached Jolo
from Malacca and established
the first Mosque in Simunul,
Sulu (1380)

40. -Rajah Baguinda reached Sulu from
Sumatra and spread Islam (1390)
-Abu Bakr arrived in Sulu from
Johore and married Paramisuli,
daughter of Baguinda (1450)
-Abu Bakr founded the first
Sultanate of Sulu

41. -Shariff Kabungsuan arrived from
Johore and became the first
sultan of Maguindanao (1475)

42. Antonio de
Morga
(1609)

43. 5. Age of Exploration
(Magellan’s expedition) 12th-15th century
*Causes:
-demand for oriental products
-Asian products monopoly in
Venice, Italy
-Muslim capture of Constantinople
(1453)

45. *Early explorations:
1. Prince Henry- African Coast
(1431) and Cape Verde (1460)
2. Bartholomew Diaz- Cape of
Good Hope (1488)
3. Vasco Da Gama- Goa, India
(1498)

46. 4. Christopher Columbus
-American continent
(1492)
5. Amerigo Vespucci
-America was named
after him (1503)
6. Vasco Nuñez de Balboa
-Pacific Ocean (1513)

47. *Spain-Portugal Rivalry
-Pope Alexander VI issued “Papal
Bull of 1493” that states:
“All lands in the West of Azores
and Cape Verde are for Spain.
Portugal had the possession for
African continent.”

48. -Issue was not settled until both
countries signed “Tordesillas Treaty”
that states (June 7, 1494):
“The eastern part of Cape Verde
Islands is for Portugal and the
western part is for Spain.”

49. *3 Main purpose of going to the
East:
GOLD GOD GLORY
-Spain wanted to go to Moluccas

50. Ferdinand Magellan
-Malacca expedition
veteran
-ignored by King
Emmanuel of Portugal
to his plan
-become a Spanish citizen through
King Charles I of Spain

51. -allowed to circumnavigate the world
-funded by 5 ships and 265 crew
*Route:
Seville, Spain
Canaries Island
Rio de Plata, Argentina
Port San Julian (mutiny happened)

52. South Africa
Ladrones Island
Homonhon, Leyte

53. Coming of Spaniards
-March 16, 1521
-went to “Mazaua” and befriended
Rajah Kulambo
-held the first mass
led by Fr. Pedro de
Valderrama

54. -named the island “Las Islas de
San Lazaro”
-transferred to Cebu on April 7
and befriended Rajah Humabon
and his wife
-held a mass to 800
Cebuanos and erected
a wooden cross
(April 15, 1521)

55. -Lapulapu, a Mactan chief
did not recognize
Spaniards’ power
-Rajah Zula requested
Magellan to help him
to defeat Lapulapu
in a battle

56. -60 Spaniards and 1000 Cebuanos
sailed to Mactan (April 28)
-Cebuanos remained in the boats
and Spaniards attacked Lapulapu’s
troops
-Magellan was killed
in the battle
and Spaniards flew

57. Antonio Pigafetta
“Chronicler of
Magellan’s
expedition”
“Primer Viaje en Torno del Globo”
(“First Voyage Around the World”)

58. -The ship Victoria returned to
Spain on September 6, 1522 under
the supervision of Sebastian Del
Cano

59. Significance of Magellan’s
expedition:
-proved that the world is round
-broke the Venetian monopoly
-awareness of Asian countries
-naming of Pacific Ocean and
Magellan Straight

60. Other expeditions held:
-Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaisa (1525)
-Sebastian Cabot (1526)
-Alvaro de Saavedra (1527)
-Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542)

61. -Spain and Portugal signed the
“Treaty of Zaragoza” wherein
Spain sold Moluccas to Portugal
for 350,000 ducats
(April 22, 1529)

62. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MA
Bachelor of Arts in History
yosefhipolito19@gmail.com