Content: 1. The beginning of Earth 2. Geological Foundation 3. The Archipelago`s name 4. Geography and Resources 5. Country`s Climate 6. The Filipino People 7. Theories on the Origin of the Filipinos

1. THE NATURAL
SETTING AND IT’S
PEOPLE
Report in History and Geography: Part 2
By Markhill Veran Tiosan
BEEd – I
Ms. Deovelyn Amato Bejo
Professor:

2. CONTENTS
1. The beginning of Earth
2. Geological Foundation
3. The Archipelago`s name
4. Geography and Resources
5. Country`s Climate
6. The Filipino People
7. Theories on the Origin of the Filipinos

3. HOW THE EARTH WAS IN
THE BEGINNING?

4. THE BEGINNING OF EARTH
 In the beginning, God created
heaven and the earth
(Genesis 1:1). God created
the man in his own image,
male and female: Adam and
Eve, the first man and woman
that became the progenitors
of mankind.

5.  In Filipino mythology,
creation stories were
popularized by various tribal
groups of the islands.
Bathala(god of the sky);
Aman Sinaya(goddess of
the sea); and
Amihan(northeast wind)
were the only beings that
existed.
 The story of ‘’Malakas and
Maganda’’.

6.  Based on Visayan legend, there was a mythical bird
named Manaul searching for a place to rest but
cannot to find one.
 Then he pleaded the God of the sea might in
Kaptan and the God of the air Magauayan to help
him.
 The Gods, asserting their might in answering the
birds request, showed their strength. The God of
the sea created tidal waves to bit the sky.

7.  Legend and Myths at times
provide a financial counter
part to actual explanations of
things and events. The
legend of Bernardo Carpio,
called Hari ng mga
tagalog(King of all tagalog)
prevents an imaginative
explanation of how the
country was shaken by
earthquakes . The analytical
study of geology commenced
with the publication of James
Hutton

8. James Hutton - The
analytical study of geology
commenced with the
publication of James
Hutton’s Theory of the
Earth in 1795.
 1726-1797 he is a British
geologist formulated the
remained constant. Taking
the hydrologic cycle for
instance, condensation
always precede
precipitation.

9.  Process such as volcanism and erosion that have
caused changes the earth’s surface have been
operating in the same manner over a very long
period of time.
 He rejected the theory of Contastrophism which
was prevailing belief during his time.

10. Alfred Wagener –
(1880-1930)
German meteorologist,
also noted his inquiry
regarding the three
continents which
Ortelius had noticed 300
years ago.
 He postulated that these continents had simply
drifted apart over million of years.
 ‘’The origin of the continents and Ocean’’ ,
Published in 1915, he named the supercontinent
Pangea, a Greek word meaning all land.

11.  Pangea begun breaking up approximately 200 or
250 million years ago, earlier into a northern portion
which named laurasia and a southern portion,
termed Gondwanaland by the Austria geologist
Eduard Suess.

12. Arthur Holmes –
(1890-1965)
A British geologist
advocated support for
Wagener’s Theory in
1928.
 He proposed that the convection currents within the
earth’s mantle driven by radioactive heat might
have caused the mechanism for continental drift.
 In the 1950’s, scientist began oceanographic
research which revealed the phenomenon known
as seafloor spreading. In the 1960’s, the theory of
plate tectonic was established.

13. THE GEOLOGICAL
FOUNDATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES

14. GEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
 The planet earth is between 4.6 and 4.8 billion
years BP. The first Dinosaurs were believed to have
appeared around 225 million years ago.
 The Philippine soil is composed of numerous rocks
which came from regions far from the archipelago’s
present location. It was during the tertiary period
(54 million years BP) of the Cenozoic era that the
land structure of the Philippines was defined as
looking like a nymph lying across the ocean.
 In the northern part, the Phil. Archipelago was
believed to adjoined to Formosa(now Taiwan)
during the Eocene(53—54 million yrs BP) And
Oligocene Epoch(37-38 million years BP).

15.  However , the Formosan
connection was severed
during the Miocene
Epoch(26 million years
BP).
 As a connection with other
areas changed, the
internal structure of the
archipelago also
underwent changes with
the flattening of the crustal
surface of the higher
grounds during the
Pliocene Epoch(7-13
million years BP).
 Pleistocene Epoch(1.6
million-10,000 years BP),
the first division of the
quaternary period, is the
epoike the prior to the
Holocene Epoch(10,000
years BP to the present).

16.  Some historians claim that the Philippines is a
remnant of a lost continent in the pacific called Mu or
Lemuria, the other remnants are Marianas and other
mid-pacific islands.

17.  The adherents of the
PACIFIC or MAGNETIC
THEORY say that the
Philippines came into
existence after the
eruptions of volcanoes
beneath the pacific ocean
the pacific ocean
 Sheets melted, causing the sea level to rise
and submerge the land bridges that had
connected the Philippines and the Asian
mainland

18.  During the glacial periods, ocean levels were much
lower, thereupon, exposing the Sunda Shelf and the
Sahul Shelf. These are extensions of continents
otherwise known as continental shelves.

19. THE ARCHIPELAGO'S
NAME…

20. THE ARCHIPELAGO’S NAME
 During the Sung Dynasty with Chau Jukua, a Chinese
trade traditional official in 982 A.D. the Philippines was
referred as Ma-Yi. Chau Jukua gave a detailed account
of his travel to various part of the islands in 1225.
 In 1521, Ferdinand
Magellan named the
islands as ISLAS DE
SAN LAZARO
(Archipelagos of st.
Lazaros).

21.  The name Philippines came from the word
FILIPINAS given by the Spanish navigator Lopez
Ruy De Villalobos in 1543 in honor of Prince Philip
of Asturias, who became King Philip II, successor to
king Charles.
King Philip II

22.  The word Filipinas was at first
given by Villalobos’s men to refer
to Leyte and Samar. Later it was
given to the whole archipelago.
 In 1752, Fr. Juan J. Delgado, a
Jesuit historian called, Pearl of the
Orient it became a rich outlet of
Asia.
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the
country’s foremost her,
gave the name Pearl of
the Orient Seas to his
native land on the eve of
his execution in 1896.

23.  The name FILIPINAS first
appeared in a rare map
published in Venice in 1554 by
Giovanni Battista Ramusio, an
Italian geographer.
 Artemio Ricarte, a
katipunan general, wanted
to be called the islands as
Rizaline Republic, after Jose
Rizal.

24.  Former President
Ferdinand Marcos
proposed the name
Maharlika (also name
of his guerilla group
in world war II) after
his dream of making
this nation great
again.

25. GEOGRAPHY AND
RESOURCES

26. GEOGRAPHY
 The Philippines, found in the western pacific ocean,
has an astronomical is location of 4°23`-21°25`N
Latitude and 116°-127°E Longitude. It is situated in the
southern portion of Asia. Because of it’s central
location far East, The Philippines has been dubbed as
the ‘’Crossroad of the Pacific’’.
 The country is consist of 7,107 islands and islets with
the total land area of 300,000 square kilometers
 Manila is the CapitaLand largest city of the country. In
1948, Quezon City was declared as the capital of the
Phil. but on may 29, 1976, President Ferdinand
Marcos’ Decree No. 940 returned the national capital
to manila (a nation capital since 1595).

27.  Luzon, the biggest of the three major geographical
groups, has an area of 142,395 square kilometers.
 Visayas has an area of 56,606 square kilometers.
 Mindanao has an area of 101,999 square kilometers.
 The northern most point of the country is Y’Ami Isle,
which is 78 miles from Taiwan. The Southern most
point is Salaug Isle, only 34 miles East of Borneo.
 The Country has 17 Regions which include the Ilocos
Region, Cagayan Region, Central Luzon, Southern
Tagalog, (CALABARZON and MIMAROPA).

28. PHILIPPINE

29. RESOURCES
 Tamaraw or Bubalus
Mindorensis – Which looks
like a dwarf Carabao found
in Mindoro.
 Tarsier – The smallest
monkey in the world found
in Bohol.

30.  Calamian Deer or Cervus Calamianensis – (Pilandok)
found in Palawan, the world’s smallest deer also called
a mouse deer.

31.  There are about 25,000 species of insects in the
islands, the largest insect in the country is the
Giant Moth (Attacus Atlas), with a wingspan of
Philippines one foot.

32.  Other interesting birds in the Philippines is
Philippine Falconet, only six and a half
centimeters long, may fairly common on Luzon,
Mindanao, Mindoro and Visayas.

33.  There are 2,140 species of Philippine fishes, among
the commercially known fish found in numerous
fishing grounds are the following:
 Bangus (Milkfish)
 Dalag (Mudfish)
 Dilis (Anchovy)
 Lapu-lapu (Sea brass)
 Galunggung (roung scad)
 Tanguingi (Mackerel)
 Tamban (Indian Sardines)
 Bariles (Tuna)

34.  Tawilis (Harenguela Tawilis) – Found in Lake taal,
Batangas.
 Sinarapan (Mestichthys Luzonensis) – Found in
lake buhi and lake bato, Camarines Sur 1-1.4
centimeter
 Pygmy Goby (Pandaka Pygmea) – Also known as
Tabios and the world’s seas smallest vertibrate
which ranges from 7.5-11 millileters, found in
Navotas and Malabon rivers.
 Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)– found in nearby
seas of the Donsol and south-eastern part
of Luzon. The largest confirmed individual had a
length of 12.65 m (41.50 ft) and a weight of more
than 21.5 metric tons (47,000 lb)

35. Pandaka Pygmea Bangus
Bariles
Dalag
Galunggung
Tamban

36. BEAUTIFUL
LANDMARKS
 The Banaue Rice
Terraces (Filipino: Hagdan-hagdang
Palayan ng Banawe)
are 2,000-year-old terraces that
were carved into the mountains
of Ifugao in thePhilippines by
ancestors of the indigenous
people. The Rice Terraces are
commonly referred to by
Filipinos as the "Eighth Wonder
of the World".
It is commonly thought that the terraces were built with minimal
equipment, largely by hand. The terraces are located
approximately 1500 metres (5000 ft) above sea level. They are fed
by an ancient irrigation system from the rainforests above the
terraces. It is said that if the steps were put end to end, it would
encircle half the globe.

37.  The Chocolate Hills is a
geological formation in Bohol
Province, Philippines. There
are at least 1,260 hills but
there may be as many as
1,776 hills spread over an area
of more than 50 square
kilometres (20 sq mi). They are
covered in green grass that
turns brown (like chocolate)
during the dry season, hence
the name.
The Chocolate Hills is a famous tourist attraction of Bohol. They are
featured in theprovincial flag and seal to symbolize the abundance of
natural attractions in the province.They are in the Philippine Tourism
Authority's list of tourist destinations in the Philippines; they have
been declared the country's third National Geological Monument and
proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

38.  Mayon Volcano, also
known as Mount Mayon,
is an active volcano in
theprovince of Albay, on
the island of Luzon in
the Philippines.
Renowned as the "perfect
cone" because of its
almost symmetric conical
shape, the mountain was
declared a national
park and a protected
landscape on July 20,
1938, the first in the
country. It was reclassified
a Natural Park and
renamed Mayon Volcano
Natural Park in the year
2000.
Local Philippine folklore refers to the
volcano as Bulkang Mayon (Bikol:
"Mayon volcano"), after the legendary
heroine Daragang Magayon (Bikol:
"Beautiful Lady")

39. OTHER RESOURCES
 The Malampaya Deepwater
Gas-to-Power project is the first
undertaking of its kind in the
Philippines employing state-of-the-
art deepwater technology to
draw natural gas from deep
beneath Philippine waters. The
indigenous gas fuels three
natural gas-fired power stations
with a total generating capacity
of 2,700 megawatts to provide
40-45% of Luzon's power
generation requirements.
 Since October 2001, the
Philippines has been importing
less fuel for power generation,
providing the country foreign-exchange
savings and energy
security from this clean fuel.
Natural gas has the least CO2
among fossil fuels and is more
efficient than other sources of
power like coal and crude oil.

40.  Pterocarpus indicus (Amboine, Pashu Padauk, Malay
Paduak, New Guinea Rosewood, or,
ambiguously, "Narra" which can refer to
several Pterocarpus species) is a species of
Pterocarpus native to southeastern Asia,
northern Australasia, and the western Pacific
Oceanislands, in Cambodia, southernmost China, East
Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,
the Philippines, the Ryukyu Islands, the Solomon
Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. Other names
include Narra (Philippines), Sonokembang (Indonesia), An
gsana or Sena(Indonesia, Malaysia
and Singapore), Tnug (Cambodia).
 Pterocarpus indicus was one of the two species (the other
being Eysenhardtia polystacha) used as a source for the
16th to 18th-century traditional diuretic known as lignum
nephriticum.

41.  Many populations of Pterocarpus indicus are
seriously threatened. It is extinct in Vietnam and
possibly in Sri Lanka and the Peninsular Malaysia.
 It is the national tree of the Philippines.

42.  Malungay or Moringa oleifera is the most widely
cultivated species of the genus Moringa, which is the
only genus in the family Moringaceae. English
common names include: moringa, drumstick tree
(from the appearance of the long, slender, triangular
seed-pods), horseradish tree from the taste of the
roots, which resembles horseradish), ben
oil tree or benzoil tree from the oil which is derived
from the seeds). It is a fast-growing, drought-resistant
tree, native to the southern foothills of
the Himalayas in northwestern India, and widely
cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas where its
young seed pods and leaves are used as a
vegetable.

43. Malungay or Moringa Oleifera

44. COUNTRY’S CLIMATE

45. COUNTRY’S CLIMATE
 The Philippine is situated at the torrid zone, has a
tropical climate with a mean annual temperature of
about 27°C (about 80°F).
 Mountain slopes and peaks found in in lake buhi
and lake bato are cooler.
 The country has two seasons the dry and wet, In
most of the islands, rainy occurs from May to
November. During this period, the wind blows from
southwest. Often, the country experiences
typhoons from the months of June to October.
 The Dry season occurs from December to April,
when the wind blows from the northwest.

46.  When typhoon signal no. 2 is hoisted, classes at the pre-school,
elementary and secondary levels in all public and
private schools are automatically suspended.
 In 2007, the National Disaster Coordinating Council
(NDCC) issued a memorandum starting the information
from the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA) could be
use as basis to recommended decisions to the Department
of Education (DepEd) and Commission on Higher
Education(CHED) concerning suspension of classes

47. THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

48. THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
 In 2002, Philippine population is estimated at 78
million.
 The Filipino people is a harmonious mixture of
diversity and homogeneity.
 Filipinos are blends of their forefathers from Malay,
Chinese, Negrito, Indian, European and American
lineage.
 The Intermarriage of a Filipino and Foreigner did
happen, owing to the strategic location of the
country to southeast Asian neighbors and the
colonial rule of Spain and American.

49.  The intermingling of people resulting to adaption of
different cultures made the country a melting pot of
people and culture.
 Since the 19th century, Filipinos have been referred to
as the Christianized Malays who constitute the bulk of
the population.
 The Cebuanos, Ilonggos, and Waray-waray comprise a
big number among the Visayans.
 The Ilocanos are considered the 3rd biggest group, they
live particularly in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur and La Union
but many have migrated locally and abroad.
 The Kalingas tattoo their bodies as a sign of bravery.
For them prestige can achieved through oratorical
ability.

50.  The Isnegs, like the Kalingas tattoo their bodies as a
status symbol, The earliest residents of Apayao
Province (Cordillera Administrative Region) and one of
the remaining tribes in Luzon, the Isneg are a small
ethnoliguistic group inhabiting the wide mountains of the
area.
 The Igorots live on root crops grown in their yard and
on wild pigs, deer and the tribesman.
 The Aetas have already established their intimate
relationship with the woodlands as forest foragers and
hunters.

51.  Filipino (Formerly spelled Pilipino) is the national
language of the people although a good number of
them are conversant in English. The English
language is commonly used for government,
commercial and instructional purpose.

52. THEORIES ON THE
ORIGIN OF FILIPINOS

53. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF FILIPINOS
 The Migration Theory
of Henry Otley Beyer,
regarding the peopling
of archipelago became
the most widely known
version in Philippine
prehistoric,.. According
to him, The ancestors of
Filipinos came in wave
of migration.

54.  First to reach the Archipelagos was the caveman
‘’Dawn Man’’ for he emerge on the islands at the
dawn of time.
 Beyer’s Migration Theory became popular and
unquestioned for quite a number of years.
Presently, the so-called Wave Of Migration is now
being dismissed.
 Southeast Asia people shared many customs and
traditions with out any ethnic group the Asian in
habitants anti ethnic groups. In place of migration
theory, modern scholars suggest the so-called
CORE POPULATION THEORY. According to this
theory, the habitants of the Philippines consist of a
core population to w/c came accretions of people
who moved in from the region.

55.  The movements of people who moved in from the
region. The movements of people were erratic
rather than in sequential waves.
 They used similarity fashioned tools, pottery and
ornaments; and upheld common beliefs and rituals.
 If there were some differences, these may be due
to some factors like adaption to the environment.
 Furthermore, the immigrants did not come into the
archipelago in a fixed period of time nor with a
definite destination.

56. THANK YOU!!! 