An introduction to Philippine History starting from the so called precolonial period up to the American occupation to the Philippine Archipelago. I hope it can help!

1. Lesson 1: The Land and the People

2. Philippines
• Is an archipelago strategically located
at the southeastern rim of Asia.
• Being located at the heart of Asia,
serves as link to Western and Eastern
World.

3. The Territory
• The national territory of the Philippines is
stated in the Article 1 of the Philippine
Constitution 1987.
• Philippines's latitude and longitude is 13° 00 N
and 122° 00 E.
• Y’ami Isle- northermost point
• Saluag Isle- southermost point
• Balabac Island- westernmost point
• Pusan Point- easternmost point

4. • Area- An archipelago of more than 7,107
islands of which only 2, 773 are named;
and it has a total land area of 300,000 sq.
Km.
• The EEZ of the Philippines is extend from
the edge of the territorial sea out to 200
nautical miles (370 kilometres; 230 miles)
from the baseline.

5. Philippines Names
• “Felipinas”- Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543)
• “Orphir”- Rodrigo de Agandaru in the Old
Testament
• “Maniolas”- Claudius Ptolemy in the
Geographia
• “Mayi/Mai”- Chinese traders
• “Archipelago of St. Lazarus”- Ferdinand
Magellan (1521)

6. Theories of Origin
• Geographic Theory- the Philippines is
remnants of a vast solid land mass continent
of Europe and Asia.
• Geologic Theory- holds that the Philippines
was product of super eruptions of sea
volcanoes in the past.

7. Physical Features
• Mt. Apo- highest point (9,600 ft)
• Mt. Mayon- perfect cone volcano
• Mt. Taal- World’s Smallest Active Volcano
• Central Luzon- the largest plain in the Phils.
• Cagayan River- the longest river
• Mindanao River- the largest river
• Laguna de Bay- country’s largest lake
• Philippine Trench- second deepest region in the
World
• San Juanico Strait- the narrowest strait in the
world

8. Philippine Wildlife
Philippine Eagle
- one of the
largest eagle in
the world.

9. Kalaw
- large species
of hornbill

10. Butanding
- largest fish in the world.

11. • Dugong- the only herbivorous marine
mammal in the world.

12. • Giant Flying Fox and Golden Crown Flying
Fox- world’s largest bats

13. Origin of the People
• Wave Migration Theory- proposed by Henry
Otley Beyer, he believes that the people in the
Philippines is product of migration done of
Eatas, Indonesian and Malay.
• Core Population Theory- proposed by Felipe
Landa Jovano, he believes that the present
Filipinos are product of a long process of
evolution and movements of people

14. Callao Man
• This was discovered in the Callao Cave in
Cagayan.
• It was dated by uranium-series dating as
being 67,000 years old significantly older
than the Tabon Man.
• The discovered stone tools were as old as
around 26,000 years ago, providing that
humans were already inhabiting the area
even since.

15. Filipino Traits and Values
Positive Traits and Values
• Hospitality
• Close Family Ties
• Happy Disposition in Life
• Strong Faith to God
Negative Traits and Values
• Prosperity in Gambling
• Bahala na Syndrome
• Ningas Kugon
• Colonial Mentality

16. Lesson 2: The ancient Filipinos:
THE PRE-COLONIAL period

17. THE BARANGAY
• These were well-
organized and
independent
villages.
• The name
originated from
“balangay”
meaning sailboats

18. THE SOCIETY
• 3 Social clasess:
1. Maharlika (nobles)- consisted the barangay’s
highest social class.
2. Timawa (freeman)- consisted the middle class ,
the majority of the people of the barangay.
3. Alipin (slaves)– lowest class
• Namamahay- who enjoyed some rights like
owning properties
• Saguiguilid- who lived in their master’s house and
could be sold anytime.

20. GOVERNMENT AND LAWS
• Barangays were ruled by a chieftain
called Datu, who were addressed
either as Raja or Lakan.
• Once a law was made, a town crier
called Umalohokan , would go
around village and announce the
new law.

21. Houses and Dwellings
• Made of wood and
bamboo, roofed by
nipa palm called
“bahay kubo”
• The Badjaos (Sea
Gypsies) of Sulu Sea
still live in boat
houses.

22. FOOD AND DRINKS
• The staple food of the early Filipino
was Rice.
• For Drinks : Wines from coconut palm
or “lambanog” and rice wine “tapuy”
of the Igorot.

23. CLOTHING
Men
Kangan
Bahag
Potong

26. CLOTHING
Women
Baro
Skirt called saya
Patadyong
“Malong”

27. MUSIC AND DANCES
 Music
• Kudyapi- tagalog guitar
• Kulintang – moro xylophone
• Dances
Kumintang- tagalog love dance
Mahinhin – tagalog courtship dance
Panjalay- Muslim wedding dance

29. Religion
• Bathala – the supreme God and the
creator of heaven and earth.
• Anitos or Diwatas – worshipped the
spirits of their dead ancestors..
• Katalona or babaylan- lead the
offering of sacrifices called mag-
anito.

31. MOURNING AND BURIAL
1. People were not allowed to wear
colorful clothes
2. They were not allowed to sing
3. Spears were carried upside and down
4. All wars and quarrels were suspended
Maglahi – for dead man
Morotal – Dead Woman

33. LANGUAGE
• Malayo-Polynesian Language- the
mother tounge of the Southeast
Asia- Pacific races.
System of Writing
Baybayin- the alphabet that originated
from asokan alphabet of India.

34. FOREIGN TRADE
• They had trade with
China, Japan,
Thailand (Siam),
India, Borneo and
other Asian Lands.
• Barter is the method
of their exchange
where goods
exchange to another
goods.

35. QUIZ
1. One of the type of Alipin who lived in their
masters house and could sold anytime.
2. The ancient filipinos who lived in barangays
were rules by chieftain cslled__________.
3. The tagalog guitar called______.
4. Their supreme god was _____ , the creator of
heaven and earth.
5. The method of goods were exchanged for
another goods.

36. Answers
1. Saguiguilid
2. Datu
3. kudyapi
4. Bathala
5. barter

37. Lesson 3:
The arrival of the west

38. Reason Why Westerners Seek the
New Route
• Holy Wars
• Trades Wars
• World Divided

39. HOLY WARS
• Barbarians began to create their kingdoms on
what were the vast territories of the empire.
• Constantinople (Istanbul). This remnant empire
will soon be called as the Byzantinian Empire.
The empire included Palestine (Israel).
• Palestine was referred to as the Holy Land by
Christians and Muslims.
• The results were the 9 CRUSADES

40. TRADE WARS
• Portugal under Prince Henry the Navigator
• He led to the discovery of Cape Verde and
Sierra Leone for Portugal .
• Marco Polo- he is the Italian explorer who
becomes an adviser of the court of the
Mongol emperor Kublai Khan.
• Christopher Columbus – he believed that the
world is round , not flat. He discover
Nicaragua , Puerto Rico, and Costa Rica.

41. THE WORLD DIVIDED
• In 16th century Portugal and Spain became
rivals in the discovery of new lands.
• Pope Alexander VI drew an imaginary line
in 483 km . Land East of this line belong to
Portugal while West to Spain.
• To avoid conflict, the kings of Portugal and
Spain concluded the Treaty of Tordesillas on
June 7, 1494.

42. Ferdinand
Magellan
- In March 16,
1521,
Ferdinand
Magellan
Rediscover the
philippines
Ferdinand Magellan’ Expeditions

43. King Charles

44. The
Expedition- Consisted of 265 men
and 5 ships
•Trinidad
•Santiago
•San Antonio
•Conception
•Victoria

45. • March 6, 1521-
He landed on
the“Island of
Sails” or the
“Landrones
Island” now is
Guam.

46. • Fray Pedro de Valderama, the chaplain and
Antonio Pigafetta, the travel chronicle
• September 20, 1519- Magellan stated his
voyage at Port San Lucas de Barrameda.
• October 21, 1521- Magellan discovered the
“Strait of All Saints” which now bears his
name.

47. REDISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES
• March 16, 1521 saw the mountains of
Samar. This marked the first arrival of the
Spaniards in the Philippines or
“Rediscovery of the Philippines”
• Next day, Magellan landed at Homonhon
and he proceeded to Limasawa which
ruled by Raja Kulambu. They sealed their
friendship with “blood compact.

48. March
31,1521
- The first
christian
Mass was
celebrated
near the
Shores of
Limasawa.
- He named it
“Archipelago
of St.
Lazarus”

49. • After Limasawa , he arrived at Cebu on
April 7, 1521. He made a blood compact
with Rajah Humabon, ruler of Cebu.

50. April 14, 1521
- Fray Valderama
held the first
mass baptism.
Magellan’s Cross
- Refers to the
wooden cross
which was
erected by
Magellan in
Cebu.

51. The Battle of Mactan
(April 27, 1521)
Death of Magellan (May 01, 1521)

52. Return Trip to Spain
Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrano became the
new commanders.
Juan Sebastian Elcano
- Assumed leadership;
left Cebu and landed
at Tidore, Moluccas
on November 8, 1521.

53. September 6, 1522 – The
victoria reached Port San
Lucas de Barrameda with
only 18 survivors. The
voyage around the world
lasted for two years, 11
months and 16 days.

54. Treaty of Zaragoza
- Spain sold Portugal her claims over Moluccas on
April 22, 1529 for 350,000 gold ducats.
- In November 1, 1542 – Fourth expedition headed
by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos; with instruction to
establish the location of “Islas Del Poniente”
- In February 2, 1543 – Reached Mindanao; named
it “cesares Caroli”in Honor of King Charles
- After reaching Samar and Leyte, he gave the name
“Las Islas Felipinas”.

55. Lesson 4:
The Conquest and
Colonization

56. The Motives
• In 1556, King
Philip II succeeded
King Charles;
decided to exploit
the country’s
resources;
enhance her
imperial glory by
adding more lands
to his empire; and
spread Christianity
among the natives.
3G (Gold, Glory
and God)

57. The Quest
• King Philip II sent an
expedition to the
Philippines led by
Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi; Fray Andres de
Urdaneta was
appointed as chief
navigator and spiritual
leader; with four ships
and 350 men.
• November 21, 1564-
sailed from Natividad,
Mexico

58. The Realization
• 1565- Legazpi landed in Cebu but the natives
were hostile; proceeded to go to nearby
islands of Samar, Leyte, Limasawa, Mindanao,
and Bohol; concluded a blood compact with
Sikatuna and Sigala, rulers of Cebu.

59. April 27, 1565- they landed in Cebu and Attacked the
Cebuanos

60. • Rajah Tupas- the ruler of
Cebu entered into a
peaceful agreement
with Legazpi; established
the first settlement in
Cebu; decided to name
it San Miguel, however
with
the discovery of the image of the Sto. Nino, he
changed it into “the City of the Most Holy Name
of Jesus (1565).
• 1569- established the second settlement in
Panay

61. The Return Route
• June 1, 1565-
Legazpi dispatched
Urdaneta with
Juan de Salcedo to
establish a return
route to New Spain
(Mexico); reached
the port of
Natividad on
October 1, 1565.

62. The Quest of Manila
• Legazpi- the first
appointed
Gobernador-
Heneral of the
Philippines; also
referred to as “El
Adelantado”.

63. • May 8, 1570- an expedition headed by Martin de
Goiti and Juan de Salcedo left Panay for Manila (a
rich Muslim kingdom in Luzon).

64. • Rajah Sulayman- a native Muslim king of May-
Nilad (approx. The Intramuros area) ruled with
Rajah Matanda and Lakan Dula, the king of
Tondo.

65. • May 24, 1570- thousands of native
warriors headed by Rajah Matanda,
Sulayman and Lakan Dula fought 800
Spaniards with “bow and arrow”.
• May 19, 1571- Legazpi colonized
Manila himself.

66. • Battle of Bankusay -the First Battle of Manila Bay

67. • June 3, 1571- Bambalito
rallied the warriors of
Macabebe, Betis, Hahonoy,
Navotas, and other barangay
to fight the forces of Goiti in
the channel of Bangkusay, in
the north shore of Manila
Bay.

68. The City of Manila
• June 24, 1571- coincided with the feast of
Saint John the Baptist, Legazpi officially
founded the City of Manila and proclaimed it
as the capital of “Filipinas”; also had the walls
of Intramuros built.

69. • June 1, 1574- by virtue of a royal decree, King
Philip II of Spain called Manila as the
“Distinguished and Ever-Loyal City”.

70. Extension of Spanish Rule
• Legazpi sent military expeditions under Martin
de Goiti to explore Central Luzon.
• He sent Juan de Salcedo to Southern Luzon to
conquer the territories of Morong and Taytay
(Rizal) and Laguna to Camarines.

71. • 1572- Salcedo conquered Zambales,
Pangasinan and Ilocos Region; explored the
Polilio Island; crossed the Sierra Madre
Mountains and finally returned to Manila;
given the mission to conquer the Bicol region in
July 1573.

72. • as recognition, Salcedo was given an
encomienda which he named Villa
Fernandina, (the first-born son of King Philip
II)

73. • Salcedo was hailed as the “Hernando
Cortez of the Philippines” in honor
of the greatest conquistador of
Mexico; died at the age of 27 from
the fever on March 11, 1576

74. THE PORTUGUESE TREAT
• September 30, 1568- General Gonzalo de
Pereira demanded that Legazpi should lave
Cebu.
• 1580- Portugal and Spain were united under
one ruler one ruler, King Philip II

75. THE PIRATE LIM-A-HONG
• In November 29, 1574, Lim-a-hong , a pirate
from Pescadores posed a serious threat to the
Philippines; assisted by Sioco, a Japanese to
Lim-a-hong invaded the Philippines.

76. THE JAPANESE
Hideyoshi – Millitary
ruler and unifier of
Japan attempted to
extend his domains.

77. DUTCH WARS
• In 1579, the Dutch revolted against the
sovereignty of Philip II

78. SEVEN YEARS WAR
• In September 22, 1762, the British
successfully invaded the Philippines under the
joint command of General William Draper
and Admiral Samuel Cornish

79. Simon de Anda – A Spanish Governor-General
who escaped Manila and transferred the
government in Bacoor, Pampanga

80. Lesson 5:
THE SPANISH
COLONIAL
ADMINISTRATION

81. • Recopilacion de las Leyes de Indias/ Laws of
Indies- compilation of numerous laws
governing the colonies.
• Polo- was the forced labor rendered by
Filipinos to government annually, however
one may not render polo upon paying the
falla, exemption fee for rendering forced
labor.

82. • Tributo- the tax, as a symbol of vassalage to
Spain.
• Bandala- was a system that caused a lot of
hardships to the Filipino where products were
sold compulsary to the government.

83. The Governor General
• The chief executive of the Philippines during
Spanish period and also the king’s
representative.
• He was vested with executive, legislative and
judicial powers and ecclesiastic power
• From 1565-1898, a total of 122 governors
general served in the Philippines.

84. • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- first governor
general of the Philippines.
• Jose Basco y Vargas- he established the
“Economic Society of the Friends of the
Country”, an organization which helped much
in the development of agriculture in the
Philippines.
• Carlos Ma. De la Torre- the most liberal
minded governor general.

85. CHECKS TO GUBERNATORIAL POWERS
• 1. The Royal Audencia, the supreme court
during the colonial period
• 2. The Residencia, which was an office of the
incoming governor-general investigating the
acts of the outgoing governor general
• 3. The Visitador, investigating body sent by
the king or Mexican viceroy
• 4. Direct complaints or reports to the kingg by
friars and other officials

86. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• 1. The pacified provinces called Alcadia Mayor
headed by the alcalde mayor
• 2. The unpacified provinces called the
Corregimentos, each under a corregidor

87. ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZATION
• The Diocese of Manila, the most powerful
diocese of Asia was canonically erected on
February 6, 1579 by Pope Gregory XII
encompassing all of the Spanish colonies in Asia.
• Domingo Salazar- first bishop of Manila
• The four regular orders who were assigned to
Christianize the natives were the Augustinians,
Discalced Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominican
Friars.

88. THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM
• Encomienda, a grant designed to reward those
persons who have rendered valuable services to
the king of Spain.
Three Classes of Encomienda
• 1. Royal Encomienda- those that were set aside
for the king of Spain.
• 2. Ecclesiastical Encomienda- those which
assigned to the religious order.
• 3.Private Encomienda- those were given to the
Spaniards who helped in the conquest and
colonization of the Philippines.

89. RESISTANCE AGAINST SPAIN
• Magat- Cagayan revolt of 1596
• Francisco Sumoroy- Samar revolt of 1649
• Tamblot and Bankaw- religious revolts in Bohol
and Leyte
• Dagohoy- 85 years of Boholano revolt, 1744-1829
• Diego and Gabriela Silang- Ilocos revolt
• Hermano Pule- Tagalog religious revolt of 1840

90. Lesson 6:
The Development
of Philippine
nationalism

91. LIBERALISM FROM EUROPE
• Sinibaldo de Mas-
Spanish economic
adviser who prepared
Philippines for
development.

92. • 1834, the time that marked the formal
introduction of the Philippines to the world
trade, influx of liberal ideas in books and
newspapers shipped from Europe and
America.

93. • Illustrados- the middle class who afford to go
to school, colegio and university

94. • The “Revolution of Disgust” was led by Juan
Prim and Francisco Serrano in 1868 to
dethroned the monarch.

95. • In November 1869, the Suez Canal, buit by
Ferdinand de Lesseps, was opened. It
shortened the route between Spain and
Manila.

96. • Rafael de Izquirdo-
who was
considered as one
of the most
autocratic leaders
of the Philippines.

97. • The Secularization Movement, a struggle
between the regular priests who were the
missionaries from the religious orders from Spain
and the secular priests who were the native.

98. • Father Pedro Pelaez,
he is the Archbishop of
Manila in 1862 who
petitioned Queen
Isabel II to give justice
to the Filipino priest
and supported the
cause of the Filipino
native priests.

99. • La Madrid, a Filipino
sergeant led a mutiny
and sacked Cavite
arsenal. Spanish
forces quickly
suppressed the
mutiny which resulted
to the death of La
Madrid and his men.

100. • On February 17,1872, the three priest,
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora (GomBurZa) was executed in Luneta
through the “garrote”.

101. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
• The Propaganda Movement was formed to flee
the Filipinos to the abusive act of the Spaniards.

102. • Marcelo del Pilar-
founded the first
Tagalog-Spanish
newspaper in the
Philippines

103. • Graciano Lopez Jaena
founded a fortnightly
newspaper, La
Solidaridad in
Barcelona in 1889.

104. JOSE RIZAL
• One of the active propagandist in 1880

105. • Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo-
the most powerful medium of expression
against friars.
• 1887- Rizal returned to the Philippines
then left for America and England.
• 1891- became the undiputed leader of
the Propaganda in Spain.

106. LA LIGA FILIPINA
• Establised by Rizal in 1892.
• Constitution was written by Rizal and it
was a short lived because Rizal was
arrested on July 6, 1892 and deported in
Dapitan.
Aims: 1.) uniting the archipelago into
homogenous 2.) giving protection against
violence and injustice and 3.) encouraging
educator and application of reforms.

107. LESSON VII
KATIPUNAN AND
1896 Philippine
institution

108. THE PATH FREEDOM
• The arrest and exile of Rizal created
confusion among the members of La Liga
Filipina.
• CUERPO DE COMPROMISORIOS- group that
continue the quest for reforms.
• BONIFACIA, DEODATO ARELLANO,
LADISLAO DIWA, TEODORO PLATA
interested in liberating the country from
tyranny of the spaniards.

109. FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN
• July 7, 1892- the newspapers Gaceta de Manila
published the arrest and exile of Rizal.
• A group of patriotic Filipino led by Bonifacio met
in Tondo, Manila and they decide to organize a
secret revolutionary society called KKK. (
Kataas-taasan, Kagalang0-galangan Katipunan ng
mga Anak ng Bayan)
• The Aim is to inute the Filipinos and fight
Philippine Independence.

110. The 3 bodies of Katipunan
1. Supreme Council- “kataas-taasang Sanggunian”
2. Provincial Council – “Sangguniang Bayan”
3. Popular Council- “Sangguniang Barangay”
The Judicial Council “Sangguniang Hukuman” –they
judge members who violated rules.
Legislative assembly- composed of supreme and
presidents of provincial and popular council.

111. Officers of Katipunan
• Andres Bonifacio (supremo or president)
• Emilio Jacinto ( Secretary of State)
• Teodoro Plata ( Secretary of Justice)
• Aguedo del Rosario (Secretary of Interior)
• Enrique Pacheco ( Secretary of Finance)

112. KATIPUNAN FRIENDSHIP
• Triangle System – a system of katipunero
would recruit 2 members to form triangle.
• Rizal – elected as their Honorary Pesident.
The Members accrdg. Degrees:
1. Katipun – password “Anak ng Bayan”
2. Kawal- password “Gomburza”
3. Bayani- password “ Rizal”

113. Katipunan Women
“Lakambini of Katipunan” – Gregoria De
Jesus (bonifacio’s wife)
Benita Rodriguez – who made the flag of
the katipunan

114. BONIFACIO AND JACINTO
• BONIFACIO- “the father of Philippine
Revolution” was also called “Great
Plebian”. The works is Pag-ibig sa
tinubuang lupa.
• JACINTO- AS “Brain of the katipuna”

115. PREPARING FOR WAR
• April 10, 1895- Bonifacio and his trusted men
scouted at Montalban mountains in search for a
suitale headquarters.
• BERMADO CARPIO CAVE reaffirmed their
decision to go through revolution.
• AURELIO TOLENTINO- A native pampanga has
been recorded as the “Cry of Montalban”, the
first cry of the Philippine Independence.

116. EARLY SETBACKS
• Dr. Valenzuela who was with blind patient
as an alibi met Dr. Jose Rizal and disclosed
the katipunan secrets in Dapitan

117. THE FLAG
• First Flag of Katipunan was made by
Benita Rodriguez (rectangular red cloth
with three white KKK.

118. BETRAYAL AND DISCOVERY
• AUGUST 9, 1896- the katipunan was
finally discovered by Spanish with the
betrayal of TEODORO PATINO.
• Fr. Mariano Gil- an augustinian parish of
Tondo and Patino confess about secret of
katipunan.

119. OUTBREAK OF REVOLUTION
• CRY OF PUGADLAWIN- bonifacio and other
katipuneros tore their cedulas and shouted. An
event in the aim of freedom and independence.
• August 28, 1896- Bonifacio issued manifest.
• AUGUST 30, 1896- Bonifacio lunched attack on
the Spanish arsenal of San Juan del Monte
known as The Battle of San Juan place known as
Pinaglabanan.

120. THE DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW
• Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco declared martial
on the first eight provinces; Manila,
Laguna, Bulacan, Batangas, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac . (8 golden rays of
Philippine Flag).

121. THE RISE OF AGUINALDO
• Two provincial council in Cavite ;
Magdiwang and Magdalo.
• Magdiwang led by Mariano Alvarez
• Magdalo led by Baldemor Aguinaldo
• Battle of Imus, where Emilio Aguinaldo was
created to be a new hero and gave him a
rank of General after the defeat spanish.

122. • Jose Rizal was exile to Dapitan in 1892.
• Dec. 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan , Rizal was
convicted.
• March 22, 1897, Tejeros Convention was
elected as Emilio Aginaldo as President.
• Acta de Tejeros- document consisted
justifying Bonifacio nullifying Act on the
previous day.

123. • Naic military Pact- another document drafted
and signed by Bonifacio and followers in Naic
Cavite.
• The Death of Bonifacio gave Aguinaldo a
complete leadership of the revolution.
• Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of Bonifacio
brothers.
• May 10, 1897- at Mount Hulog, Maragondon
Cavite, -Bonifacio brothers were sentenced for
firing squad.

124. THE PACT OF BIAK NA BATO
• Nov. 1, 1897- established the Biak na Bato in San
Miguel Bulacan. It wa drafted by Isabelo Antacho
and Felix Ferrer.
• Pedro Paterno- prominent lawyer who
volunteered his services to act as peace
negotiator.
• Dec. 27, 1897, Aguinaldo with other
revolutionary leaders went on voluntary exile to
Hongkong and with him took 400, 000 paid to
him by the Spanish while 200,000 was divided
among other officials.

125. Lesson 8:
The ARRIVAL OF THE
AMERICANS AND THE END
OF SPANISH RULE

126. The American Involvement
• American aid the Cuban revolution against the
Spanish forces. So, diplomatic conflict
between the two powers followed.
• February 18, 1898- the USS Maine was blown
up by Spanish forces while docked at the
Havana harbor. There were 260 casualties.

127. THE SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR
• As roused by the “Maine Incident”, resolution
were passed by the congress demanding the
immediate evacuation of Spanish forces from
Cuba.
• Spain declared a war on April 24,1898 for the act
of cowardice of the Americans.
• US Pres. William McKinley declared a war on the
next day as expressing that the decision made
was for the protection of American lives and
properties in Cuba.

128. THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY
• April 10, 1898- Basilio Agustin was appointed
governor of the Philippines, he replaced Primo de
Rivera due to the latter’s failure to end the
revolution and appointing Lt.Gen. Fermin
Jaudenesto put in charge in the army.
• April 20, 1898- Commodore George Dewey of
the US Asiatic Squadron left Hon Kong to set sail
for the Philippines to initiate the war with Spain
in the Pacific, he was boarded in his flagship
Olympia.

129. • May 1, 1898- Dewey’s squadron encountered
the waiting Spanish Armada of Admiral
Patricio Montojo.
• May 2, 1898- army commander Lt.Gen
Jaudenes was given by Dewey the terms to
surrender.
• May 4, 1898- Americans took Corregidor and
on May 13, President William McKinley
ordered for a Manila blockage.

130. AGUINALDO RETURNS
• Aguinaldo established his revolutionary
government at Hong Kong, it was called “Hong
Kong Junta”.
• When the war between the Spain and
Americans broke out, Aguinaldo was in
Singapore conferring with US Consul E.
Spencer Pratt who advised him the possible
alliance of Us and the revolutionists in the aim
of defeating the Spaniards.

131. • Returning to Hong Kong, the Junta advised
him to return to the Philippines and continue
the struggle but before he left Hong Kong, he
mad an arms deal with the US consul to Hong
Kong Rounsevlle Wildman.
• May 17, 1898- Aguinaldo was aboard on the
USS McCallough.

132. THE NEED FOR FILIPINO SUPPORT
• Governor Basilio Agustin made the most
desperate attempt of winning back the
support of the Filipino people.
• First, he promise to the Filipino people that
reforms would be granted if they would join
Spain in the war against America, creating the
Consultative Assembly.
• Second, he created the Philippine Militia, a
special pro Spanish- Filipino armed forces.

133. A DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
• Emilio Aguinaldo created his dictatorial
government as advised to him by Ambrosio
Rianzares Bautista it was formed on May 24,
1898.
• All powers of the government have been
vested to Aguinaldo.

134. THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
• June 12, 1898- the independence of the
Philippines was proclaimed in Kawit, Cavite, at
the residence of the Aguinaldos.
• The act of the Declaration of the Philippine
independence was prepared and read by
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista.
• The hymn was composed by Julian Felipe and
the lyrics was taken from the poem “Filipinas”,
written by Jose Palma.

135. A REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
• June 23, 1898- upon the advice of Apolinario
Mabini, the dictatorial government formed by
Aguinaldo was shifted into a revolutionary one.
From this point, he also pointed that a republic
may now be set up.
• July 15, 1898- Aguinaldo has created his first
Cabinet appointing Baldomero Aguinaldo as
secretary of interior, and Mariano Trias, of
finance.
• July 24, 1898- Mabini issued a new code of ethics
for the revolutionists, the “Verdadero Decalogo”.

136. THE MOCK BATTLE OF MANILA
• On August 10-11, a secret agreement was
made between Commodore Dewey and Gov.
Jaudenes.
• August 13, 1898- the fall of Manila

137. THE US MILITARY GOVERNMENT
• August 14, 1898- President William McKinley
established the US military government in the
Philippines.
• General Wesley Merritt became the first military
governor in the Philippines.
• Diego delos Rios, last governor general of Spain to the
Philippines,
• The US assisted delos Rios in transferring the remains
of the Spanish government to the US neutralized
territory of Iloilo.
• US Suppreme Commander Elwell Otis became the
second military governor.