Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
This document discusses condition monitoring of induction motors using motor current signature analysis based on artificial neural networks. It describes various faults that can occur in induction motors like bearing faults and broken rotor bars. Motor current signature analysis is used to detect faults by analyzing the harmonic components in the motor's current spectrum. An artificial neural network can be trained to identify fault patterns in current signatures to predict and locate faults. The neural network is used to detect and locate faults on the stator windings of an induction motor based on its current signature analysis.
Condition monitoring of induction motor with a case studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on condition monitoring of an induction motor. The study utilized multiple monitoring techniques including temperature monitoring, vibration analysis, motor current signature analysis, and shaft voltage measurement. Temperature, vibration, and shaft voltage readings were found to be within normal limits, indicating the motor was in good health. Motor current signature analysis detected no issues, further confirming the healthy state of the motor. The study demonstrated how a combination of condition monitoring techniques can evaluate the overall condition and help plan preventive maintenance for motors.
Protection and monitoring of three phase induction motor from over voltage, u...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for monitoring and protecting a three-phase induction motor from faults such as overvoltage, undervoltage, single phasing, phase reversal, and overheating. It describes using a microcontroller connected to sensors to monitor voltage levels, current, and temperature and protect the motor by stopping it if faults are detected. Common monitoring techniques discussed are thermal monitoring using temperature sensors, magnetic flux monitoring using search coils to detect flux imbalances, and partial discharge monitoring to detect stator insulation faults in high-voltage motors.
Condition Monitoring of Rotating Equipment Considering the Cause and Effects ...IJMERJOURNAL
This document summarizes research on condition monitoring of rotating equipment using vibration analysis. It discusses various signal processing techniques used for fault detection and diagnosis, including time-domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, time-frequency analysis using wavelet transforms, and support vector machines. It also reviews literature on prognostics approaches that use condition data to predict failures through artificial intelligence techniques. The document aims to provide an overview of recent developments in diagnostic and prognostic models, algorithms, and technologies for processing sensor data from condition monitoring systems.
Induction motor fault diagnosis by motor current signature analysis and neura...Editor Jacotech
This paper presents steps in designing dimensions of antenna and feed in axisymmetrical Cassegrain Antennas. Corrugated conical horns are used as feeds in applications with circular polarization. In the initial design steps, diameter of the main reflector is determined considering communication link budget, then feed dimensions are designed to create optimum aperture efficiency. In the last step of design, considering feed dimensions and the amount of its center phase displacements with respect to its aperture plane, dimensions of subreflector is determined to avoid additional blockage. To illustrate the procedure, an applicative design example is presented in X-band.
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on the design of three-phase induction motors. It outlines the objectives of designing a motor with a 1HP output power rating, 1500 RPM speed, and meeting other efficiency and size criteria. It then covers key topics in the electromagnetic design process like motor nameplate parameters, efficiency classes, frame sizes, dimensions, analytic design approach, classification of design variables, output equations, and calculation of various motor components.
Consists of two sets of windings:
3 phase armature winding on the stator distributed with centres 120° apart in space
field winding on the rotor supplied by DC
Two basic rotor structures used:
salient or projecting pole structure for hydraulic units (low speed)
round rotor structure for thermal units (high speed)
Salient poles have concentrated field windings; usually also carry damper windings on the pole face.Round rotors have solid steel rotors with distributed windings
Nearly sinusoidal space distribution of flux wave shape obtained by:
distributing stator windings and field windings in many slots (round rotor);
shaping pole faces (salient pole)
The machines subjected to inter-turn short circuit fault can be diagnosed through the characteristic patterns caused by inter-turn short circuit fault components in the DWT analysis by using the stator phase currents.
This document discusses condition monitoring of induction motors using motor current signature analysis based on artificial neural networks. It describes various faults that can occur in induction motors like bearing faults and broken rotor bars. Motor current signature analysis is used to detect faults by analyzing the harmonic components in the motor's current spectrum. An artificial neural network can be trained to identify fault patterns in current signatures to predict and locate faults. The neural network is used to detect and locate faults on the stator windings of an induction motor based on its current signature analysis.
Condition monitoring of induction motor with a case studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on condition monitoring of an induction motor. The study utilized multiple monitoring techniques including temperature monitoring, vibration analysis, motor current signature analysis, and shaft voltage measurement. Temperature, vibration, and shaft voltage readings were found to be within normal limits, indicating the motor was in good health. Motor current signature analysis detected no issues, further confirming the healthy state of the motor. The study demonstrated how a combination of condition monitoring techniques can evaluate the overall condition and help plan preventive maintenance for motors.
Protection and monitoring of three phase induction motor from over voltage, u...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for monitoring and protecting a three-phase induction motor from faults such as overvoltage, undervoltage, single phasing, phase reversal, and overheating. It describes using a microcontroller connected to sensors to monitor voltage levels, current, and temperature and protect the motor by stopping it if faults are detected. Common monitoring techniques discussed are thermal monitoring using temperature sensors, magnetic flux monitoring using search coils to detect flux imbalances, and partial discharge monitoring to detect stator insulation faults in high-voltage motors.
Condition Monitoring of Rotating Equipment Considering the Cause and Effects ...IJMERJOURNAL
This document summarizes research on condition monitoring of rotating equipment using vibration analysis. It discusses various signal processing techniques used for fault detection and diagnosis, including time-domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, time-frequency analysis using wavelet transforms, and support vector machines. It also reviews literature on prognostics approaches that use condition data to predict failures through artificial intelligence techniques. The document aims to provide an overview of recent developments in diagnostic and prognostic models, algorithms, and technologies for processing sensor data from condition monitoring systems.
Induction motor fault diagnosis by motor current signature analysis and neura...Editor Jacotech
This paper presents steps in designing dimensions of antenna and feed in axisymmetrical Cassegrain Antennas. Corrugated conical horns are used as feeds in applications with circular polarization. In the initial design steps, diameter of the main reflector is determined considering communication link budget, then feed dimensions are designed to create optimum aperture efficiency. In the last step of design, considering feed dimensions and the amount of its center phase displacements with respect to its aperture plane, dimensions of subreflector is determined to avoid additional blockage. To illustrate the procedure, an applicative design example is presented in X-band.
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on the design of three-phase induction motors. It outlines the objectives of designing a motor with a 1HP output power rating, 1500 RPM speed, and meeting other efficiency and size criteria. It then covers key topics in the electromagnetic design process like motor nameplate parameters, efficiency classes, frame sizes, dimensions, analytic design approach, classification of design variables, output equations, and calculation of various motor components.
Consists of two sets of windings:
3 phase armature winding on the stator distributed with centres 120° apart in space
field winding on the rotor supplied by DC
Two basic rotor structures used:
salient or projecting pole structure for hydraulic units (low speed)
round rotor structure for thermal units (high speed)
Salient poles have concentrated field windings; usually also carry damper windings on the pole face.Round rotors have solid steel rotors with distributed windings
Nearly sinusoidal space distribution of flux wave shape obtained by:
distributing stator windings and field windings in many slots (round rotor);
shaping pole faces (salient pole)
The machines subjected to inter-turn short circuit fault can be diagnosed through the characteristic patterns caused by inter-turn short circuit fault components in the DWT analysis by using the stator phase currents.
Fault Detection for Rolling Element Bearings using Model-BasedSorn Simatrang
This document presents a model-based technique for fault detection of rolling element bearings. It uses an analytical redundancy method with an observer-based approach. A Hammerstein-Wiener model is identified from vibration data containing outer race and inner race faults. Residuals are generated from the model and analyzed using cross-correlation with fault impulse trains to determine the fault type and time of occurrence. The method is able to successfully diagnose cases with multiple sequential faults as well as faults transitioning to normal operation.
Condition monitoring of rotating machines pptRohit Kaushik
This document discusses condition monitoring of rotating machines. It covers various techniques for monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration, electrical signals and fluxes to detect faults in machines like motors and generators. Local temperature can be monitored using devices embedded in the insulation near hot parts like the winding or core. Vibration is commonly monitored at various frequencies to analyze faults in components. Electrical signals like current and flux are also monitored to detect issues in windings or rotors. Overall, condition monitoring aims to continuously evaluate equipment health and detect early-stage faults in machines.
Electrical Power Systems Synchronous GeneratorMubarek Kurt
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
a) Given: Generator is 6 pole, 50 Hz
Using the synchronous speed formula: nm = 120f/P
nm = 120*50/6 = 1000 RPM
b) Terminal voltage at different power factors:
1) Given load: Ia = 60 A, PF = 0.8 lagging
Using phasor diagram: Vt = Ea - IaXs
Ea = Vt + IaXs = 480 + 60*1 = 540 V
Vt = 540*cos(cos-1(0.8)) = 480 V
2) PF = 1.0
Vt = Ea = 540 V
3) PF
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR, Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF), Slip, Constructio...Waqas Afzal
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Advantages/D-Advantages/Applications
Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)
Slip and slip frequency
Construction
Principal of Operation
Torque-speed characteristics
Speed control
Power flow
Equivalent Circuit
Maximum torque
Specifications
The motor is operating at full load with a slip of 4%.
Determine:
1. The rotor current
2. The rotor copper loss
3. The air-gap power
4. The efficiency
Solution:
Given:
V=460V, f=60Hz, P=25hp, Poles=4, R1=0.641Ω, R2=0.332Ω, X1=1.106Ω, Slip(s)=4%
1. Rotor current
I2 = V/(R2 + jX2)
= 460/(0.332 + j1.106*0.04)
= 460/0.344
The document discusses various aspects of condition monitoring through vibration analysis. It defines condition monitoring and different types of maintenance. It explains why condition monitoring is important and some key physical parameters that are measured. It then focuses on condition monitoring through vibration analysis, discussing concepts like amplitude, frequency, causes of vibration, and analyzing case studies of different machines. Key points covered include vibration measurement and analysis, identifying issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness and bearing defects.
This document is a seminar paper submitted by V. Sumanth to partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The paper discusses stepper motors, including their principle of operation, types, parameters, stepping modes, characteristics, applications, and conclusions. Stepper motors are brushless DC motors that rotate in discrete angular increments when their stator is energized in a programmed manner. The paper covers various types of stepper motors including variable reluctance, claw pole, hybrid, and disc magnet stepper motors.
The document discusses motor current signature analysis (MCSA) and electrical signature analysis (ESA) as techniques for identifying faults in electric motors. It provides examples of using MCSA to detect broken rotor bars and eccentricity issues. Broken rotor bars are identified by sideband frequencies around the fundamental, while eccentricity shows up as peaks at rotor slot passing frequency that may include sidebands at running speed. Case studies demonstrate using MCSA to diagnose broken bars and eccentricity by analyzing the current spectrum signatures.
The document discusses servos, including where they are used, their advantages, and disadvantages. Servos are commonly used in remote-controlled toys, industrial applications, robotics, and food services. They have advantages like high output power, closed feedback loops, efficiency, and torque. However, they require tuning, have limited peak torque, and can be damaged by overloads. They also have a bewildering variety of components and usually cost more than stepper motors.
This document describes a microcontroller-based stepper motor controller that can control the motor's direction, speed, and number of revolutions using tactile switches. It includes a block diagram and descriptions of the main components - an AT89C51 microcontroller, voltage regulator, crystal oscillator, hex converter, and bipolar stepper motor. The controller uses half-step drive to accurately control the motor. It can be simulated using Proteus software and interfaced with a computer for keyboard control of the motor's speed. Stepper motors are described in comparison to conventional motors.
El documento proporciona información sobre diferentes tipos de vatímetros y cómo medir potencia eléctrica. Explica que los vatímetros suelen estar formados por un circuito voltimétrico conectado en derivación y un circuito amperimétrico en serie. Los vatímetros electrodinámicos constan de dos circuitos, uno amperimétrico fijo y otro voltimétrico móvil. Los vatímetros de inducción sólo pueden medir corriente alterna usando inducción electromagnética. La potencia eléctrica en corriente contin
O documento descreve as características principais das máquinas síncronas. Em 3 frases:
1) As máquinas síncronas consistem em um rotor com enrolamentos de excitação e um estator com enrolamentos induzidos, que convertem energia eletromecânica.
2) O rotor gera um campo magnético contínuo enquanto as correntes e tensões no estator são alternadas, e a ligação entre o rotor e o exterior pode ser feita através de anéis e escovas ou sistemas brushless.
Acionamento de máquinas elétricas richard stephanSamuel Leite
Este documento resume a experiência na área de acionamento de máquinas elétricas adquirida na UFRJ. Aborda tópicos como seleção de motores elétricos, características construtivas e de operação, acionamento eletrônico, métodos de partida, diagramas de comando e controle de motores. Tem o objetivo de estabelecer uma base de conhecimento sobre os fundamentos do acionamento, comando e controle de máquinas elétricas.
This document provides an overview of vibration analysis and predictive maintenance. It discusses maintenance philosophies like breakdown, preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance. Predictive maintenance uses condition monitoring techniques like vibration analysis to determine the condition of machines and identify faults. Vibration analysis measures characteristics like displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and phase to determine how much vibration is present, what defects are causing it, and which machine parts are affected. Understanding vibration signatures can reveal problems like unbalance, misalignment, looseness, and bearing defects.
Basic Presentation on Speed control of induction motorNileshBambhaniya2
This presentation prepared base on two research paper and electrical machine by NTPL IIT Madrash.
Basic presentation on speed control introduction and method of speed control.
The document discusses AC servo motors. It covers the principle, characteristics, types, applications and sizing of AC servo motors. Some key points include:
- AC servo motors use permanent magnets and feedback from encoders to provide high torque and precision control.
- Characteristics like speed, torque, frame size, and encoder options can be selected for the application.
- Standard and special motors are used in applications like machine tools, semiconductor equipment, medical devices and more.
- Success stories demonstrate how AC servo motors replaced hydraulic systems and improved textile machines, simulators and other special purpose machines.
- Motor sizing software is available to help customers select the optimized motor for their application.
Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive Using Universal ControllerArif Shahriar
This paper presents the development of a universal controller board to control the speed of single or three phase induction motors. The controller uses a microcontroller and pulse width modulation inverter to generate variable frequency supply to the motor. MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate a three phase inverter circuit controlling an induction motor. Hardware was also implemented including power, control, and driver circuits. Testing showed the fan load speed could be varied by changing the modulation index with the selector switch, demonstrating variable speed control of the induction motor. The designed system provides a low-cost and versatile solution for motor speed control applications.
This document provides a summary of common vibration monitoring techniques used to detect machinery failures, including:
- It introduces overall vibration monitoring and trend analysis to detect changes in machinery condition over time.
- Key aspects that affect vibration measurements are frequency range, scale factors, and sensor placement location. Consistently measuring these factors is important for meaningful trend analysis.
- Common vibration monitoring methods are described like measuring vibration amplitude and frequency to understand failure root causes, as different issues generate unique vibration signatures.
This document provides an introduction to vibration analysis and maintenance. It discusses the different types of maintenance including reactive, preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance. It then covers vibration fundamentals including waveform, spectrum, frequency, amplitude, and motion. Specific vibration faults like unbalance, misalignment, and bearing defects are examined. The use of spectrum and time waveform analysis to diagnose machine faults is also explained.
Condition monitoring (or CM) is the process of monitoring a parameter of condition in machinery (vibration, temperature etc.) and identify a significant change which is indicative of a developing fault.
The use of condition monitoring allows maintenance to be scheduled, or other actions to be taken to prevent failure and avoid its consequences.
This document discusses condition based monitoring (CBM), also known as predictive maintenance. It compares monitoring machines to monitoring the human body, using techniques like vibration analysis, thermography, oil analysis, and wear debris analysis to detect abnormalities. The advantages of CBM include allowing planned maintenance to minimize downtime and equipment damage. CBM is most effective for equipment where downtime costs are high, safety risks exist, or accurate maintenance planning is essential. The document provides a flow chart and techniques for implementing a CBM program, including scheduling measurements and analyzing data to take corrective actions.
Fault Detection for Rolling Element Bearings using Model-BasedSorn Simatrang
This document presents a model-based technique for fault detection of rolling element bearings. It uses an analytical redundancy method with an observer-based approach. A Hammerstein-Wiener model is identified from vibration data containing outer race and inner race faults. Residuals are generated from the model and analyzed using cross-correlation with fault impulse trains to determine the fault type and time of occurrence. The method is able to successfully diagnose cases with multiple sequential faults as well as faults transitioning to normal operation.
Condition monitoring of rotating machines pptRohit Kaushik
This document discusses condition monitoring of rotating machines. It covers various techniques for monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration, electrical signals and fluxes to detect faults in machines like motors and generators. Local temperature can be monitored using devices embedded in the insulation near hot parts like the winding or core. Vibration is commonly monitored at various frequencies to analyze faults in components. Electrical signals like current and flux are also monitored to detect issues in windings or rotors. Overall, condition monitoring aims to continuously evaluate equipment health and detect early-stage faults in machines.
Electrical Power Systems Synchronous GeneratorMubarek Kurt
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
a) Given: Generator is 6 pole, 50 Hz
Using the synchronous speed formula: nm = 120f/P
nm = 120*50/6 = 1000 RPM
b) Terminal voltage at different power factors:
1) Given load: Ia = 60 A, PF = 0.8 lagging
Using phasor diagram: Vt = Ea - IaXs
Ea = Vt + IaXs = 480 + 60*1 = 540 V
Vt = 540*cos(cos-1(0.8)) = 480 V
2) PF = 1.0
Vt = Ea = 540 V
3) PF
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR, Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF), Slip, Constructio...Waqas Afzal
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Advantages/D-Advantages/Applications
Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)
Slip and slip frequency
Construction
Principal of Operation
Torque-speed characteristics
Speed control
Power flow
Equivalent Circuit
Maximum torque
Specifications
The motor is operating at full load with a slip of 4%.
Determine:
1. The rotor current
2. The rotor copper loss
3. The air-gap power
4. The efficiency
Solution:
Given:
V=460V, f=60Hz, P=25hp, Poles=4, R1=0.641Ω, R2=0.332Ω, X1=1.106Ω, Slip(s)=4%
1. Rotor current
I2 = V/(R2 + jX2)
= 460/(0.332 + j1.106*0.04)
= 460/0.344
The document discusses various aspects of condition monitoring through vibration analysis. It defines condition monitoring and different types of maintenance. It explains why condition monitoring is important and some key physical parameters that are measured. It then focuses on condition monitoring through vibration analysis, discussing concepts like amplitude, frequency, causes of vibration, and analyzing case studies of different machines. Key points covered include vibration measurement and analysis, identifying issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness and bearing defects.
This document is a seminar paper submitted by V. Sumanth to partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The paper discusses stepper motors, including their principle of operation, types, parameters, stepping modes, characteristics, applications, and conclusions. Stepper motors are brushless DC motors that rotate in discrete angular increments when their stator is energized in a programmed manner. The paper covers various types of stepper motors including variable reluctance, claw pole, hybrid, and disc magnet stepper motors.
The document discusses motor current signature analysis (MCSA) and electrical signature analysis (ESA) as techniques for identifying faults in electric motors. It provides examples of using MCSA to detect broken rotor bars and eccentricity issues. Broken rotor bars are identified by sideband frequencies around the fundamental, while eccentricity shows up as peaks at rotor slot passing frequency that may include sidebands at running speed. Case studies demonstrate using MCSA to diagnose broken bars and eccentricity by analyzing the current spectrum signatures.
The document discusses servos, including where they are used, their advantages, and disadvantages. Servos are commonly used in remote-controlled toys, industrial applications, robotics, and food services. They have advantages like high output power, closed feedback loops, efficiency, and torque. However, they require tuning, have limited peak torque, and can be damaged by overloads. They also have a bewildering variety of components and usually cost more than stepper motors.
This document describes a microcontroller-based stepper motor controller that can control the motor's direction, speed, and number of revolutions using tactile switches. It includes a block diagram and descriptions of the main components - an AT89C51 microcontroller, voltage regulator, crystal oscillator, hex converter, and bipolar stepper motor. The controller uses half-step drive to accurately control the motor. It can be simulated using Proteus software and interfaced with a computer for keyboard control of the motor's speed. Stepper motors are described in comparison to conventional motors.
El documento proporciona información sobre diferentes tipos de vatímetros y cómo medir potencia eléctrica. Explica que los vatímetros suelen estar formados por un circuito voltimétrico conectado en derivación y un circuito amperimétrico en serie. Los vatímetros electrodinámicos constan de dos circuitos, uno amperimétrico fijo y otro voltimétrico móvil. Los vatímetros de inducción sólo pueden medir corriente alterna usando inducción electromagnética. La potencia eléctrica en corriente contin
O documento descreve as características principais das máquinas síncronas. Em 3 frases:
1) As máquinas síncronas consistem em um rotor com enrolamentos de excitação e um estator com enrolamentos induzidos, que convertem energia eletromecânica.
2) O rotor gera um campo magnético contínuo enquanto as correntes e tensões no estator são alternadas, e a ligação entre o rotor e o exterior pode ser feita através de anéis e escovas ou sistemas brushless.
Acionamento de máquinas elétricas richard stephanSamuel Leite
Este documento resume a experiência na área de acionamento de máquinas elétricas adquirida na UFRJ. Aborda tópicos como seleção de motores elétricos, características construtivas e de operação, acionamento eletrônico, métodos de partida, diagramas de comando e controle de motores. Tem o objetivo de estabelecer uma base de conhecimento sobre os fundamentos do acionamento, comando e controle de máquinas elétricas.
This document provides an overview of vibration analysis and predictive maintenance. It discusses maintenance philosophies like breakdown, preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance. Predictive maintenance uses condition monitoring techniques like vibration analysis to determine the condition of machines and identify faults. Vibration analysis measures characteristics like displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and phase to determine how much vibration is present, what defects are causing it, and which machine parts are affected. Understanding vibration signatures can reveal problems like unbalance, misalignment, looseness, and bearing defects.
Basic Presentation on Speed control of induction motorNileshBambhaniya2
This presentation prepared base on two research paper and electrical machine by NTPL IIT Madrash.
Basic presentation on speed control introduction and method of speed control.
The document discusses AC servo motors. It covers the principle, characteristics, types, applications and sizing of AC servo motors. Some key points include:
- AC servo motors use permanent magnets and feedback from encoders to provide high torque and precision control.
- Characteristics like speed, torque, frame size, and encoder options can be selected for the application.
- Standard and special motors are used in applications like machine tools, semiconductor equipment, medical devices and more.
- Success stories demonstrate how AC servo motors replaced hydraulic systems and improved textile machines, simulators and other special purpose machines.
- Motor sizing software is available to help customers select the optimized motor for their application.
Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive Using Universal ControllerArif Shahriar
This paper presents the development of a universal controller board to control the speed of single or three phase induction motors. The controller uses a microcontroller and pulse width modulation inverter to generate variable frequency supply to the motor. MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate a three phase inverter circuit controlling an induction motor. Hardware was also implemented including power, control, and driver circuits. Testing showed the fan load speed could be varied by changing the modulation index with the selector switch, demonstrating variable speed control of the induction motor. The designed system provides a low-cost and versatile solution for motor speed control applications.
This document provides a summary of common vibration monitoring techniques used to detect machinery failures, including:
- It introduces overall vibration monitoring and trend analysis to detect changes in machinery condition over time.
- Key aspects that affect vibration measurements are frequency range, scale factors, and sensor placement location. Consistently measuring these factors is important for meaningful trend analysis.
- Common vibration monitoring methods are described like measuring vibration amplitude and frequency to understand failure root causes, as different issues generate unique vibration signatures.
This document provides an introduction to vibration analysis and maintenance. It discusses the different types of maintenance including reactive, preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance. It then covers vibration fundamentals including waveform, spectrum, frequency, amplitude, and motion. Specific vibration faults like unbalance, misalignment, and bearing defects are examined. The use of spectrum and time waveform analysis to diagnose machine faults is also explained.
Condition monitoring (or CM) is the process of monitoring a parameter of condition in machinery (vibration, temperature etc.) and identify a significant change which is indicative of a developing fault.
The use of condition monitoring allows maintenance to be scheduled, or other actions to be taken to prevent failure and avoid its consequences.
This document discusses condition based monitoring (CBM), also known as predictive maintenance. It compares monitoring machines to monitoring the human body, using techniques like vibration analysis, thermography, oil analysis, and wear debris analysis to detect abnormalities. The advantages of CBM include allowing planned maintenance to minimize downtime and equipment damage. CBM is most effective for equipment where downtime costs are high, safety risks exist, or accurate maintenance planning is essential. The document provides a flow chart and techniques for implementing a CBM program, including scheduling measurements and analyzing data to take corrective actions.
This document discusses lubricant oil analysis and wear debris analysis. It describes how analyzing machine lubricant oils and wear debris particles can help monitor equipment condition, identify abnormal wear or contamination issues, and provide early warnings of potential maintenance needs. Key information extracted from lubricant oil and wear debris analysis includes particle concentrations, types, shapes, sizes, and compositions which can indicate the wear mechanism and likely source of failure occurring within the machine. Together this information helps optimize machine performance, reduce downtime, and increase reliability.
Condition-based monitoring (CBM) was implemented at Barnes Reinforcing Industries (BRI) to address frequent machine breakdowns caused by mechanical faults. Engineering trainees used tools like infrared thermometers, vibration analyzers, and thermography cameras to monitor temperatures and vibrations of rotating and heating equipment. Their analysis found bearings were a major cause of breakdowns due to overheating, fatigue, and misalignment. CBM helped identify failing components, extend machine life, and reduce maintenance costs for BRI by focusing repairs on detected faults.
Condition-based maintenance (CBM) involves monitoring key parameters that can indicate equipment failure. CBM allows maintenance to be planned before severe damage occurs. The document discusses CBM techniques like vibration analysis, thermography, performance monitoring, lubricant analysis, and non-destructive testing. It provides examples of applying techniques like vibration, temperature, and flow measurements to monitor fans, pumps and detect issues like imbalance, bearing damage, cavitation. A successful CBM program incorporates monitoring, data analysis, reporting, and corrective actions.
An Introduction to Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)abasathab
This document introduces condition-based maintenance (CBM), which uses condition monitoring technologies to predict asset failures and schedule maintenance based on equipment condition rather than time. CBM aims to improve operating performance, ensure safety and environmental protection, reduce maintenance costs, and provide a comprehensive maintenance database. The CBM methodology takes a two-level approach using technologies to identify short-term failures and reduce medium to long-term maintenance tasks. CBM technologies discussed include oil and grease analysis, portable vibration analysis, portable ultrasonic analysis, and portable thermography analysis to monitor various mechanical and electrical equipment conditions.
IRJET- Review paper on Stator and Rotor Fault Diagnosis of 3-Phase Induct...IRJET Journal
This document reviews methods for diagnosing faults in 3-phase induction motors. It discusses the main types of faults including stator faults, rotor faults, bearing failures, eccentricity, and mechanical vibrations. Various techniques are presented for fault detection such as vibration analysis, current and voltage monitoring, temperature measurements, and spectral analysis. The review emphasizes the need for effective fault diagnosis methods to improve reliability and prevent catastrophic motor failures.
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using Hysteresis MethodIRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control of an induction motor using a hysteresis control method. It begins with an abstract that outlines using hysteresis current control in the speed loop control design to optimize induction motor performance. It then discusses using an extended state observer to estimate disturbances and compensate the speed controller. The document provides background on induction motors, including details on their stator, squirrel cage and wound rotors. It also discusses using inverters like diode-clamped and flying-capacitor inverters to generate the AC voltages used to drive the motor.
A Wavelet Based fault Detection of Induction Motor: A Reviewijsrd.com
This paper presents a review of the researches done on fault detection and tolerant control , main aim of the fault tolerant control and fault detection of induction motor is used the wavelet transform. Wavelet transform is much better tool for the fault diagnosis point of view and a overview of the wavelet types (continuous and discrete), machine faults detection methods and their validation. The software, generality of codes, one dimensional and two dimensional DWT and frequency characteristics components of healthy as well as faulty induction motor has explained. So Finally, stator short winding , shaft fault, bearing fault ,rotor broken bar and open winding are taken as a case study to show the better diagnosis of fault by using wavelet techniques.
The document outlines a proposed methodology for analyzing rotor eccentricity in induction motors using simulation. It begins with an introduction on induction motors and rotor eccentricity. A literature review covers techniques used by other researchers to detect eccentricity. The problem statement notes the importance of induction motor condition monitoring. The aims are to simulate normal and eccentric rotor conditions, compare waveforms, and analyze harmonic injection. The proposed methodology includes building a simulation model and collecting eccentricity data. Future work involves thesis writing based on simulation results.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes two methods for diagnosing stator short circuit faults in brushless DC motors: Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and wavelet-based fault diagnosis. ANFIS is a neural network combined with fuzzy logic that can model nonlinear functions. It is applied to diagnose faults based on motor parameters. Wavelet transforms are also used to analyze motor current signals and detect characteristic fault frequencies indicating shorts. The paper presents the modeling of a BLDC motor and discusses common motor faults before detailing the proposed ANFIS and wavelet approaches.
Unbalanced Voltage Impacts and its Analysis on an Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses the impacts of unbalanced voltage on induction motors. It begins by introducing the topic and defining voltage unbalance. It then discusses how voltage unbalance can increase motor losses like copper losses, and cause overheating, vibration, and reduced efficiency. The document also presents a case study where a 7.5kW induction motor is analyzed under different levels of voltage unbalance to study its performance and losses. It concludes by discussing industry standards for voltage unbalance and the need to derate motors operated with over 5% voltage unbalance to prevent overheating damage.
Faults Analysis and Reliability Improvement of Pot MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses faults analysis and reliability improvement of pot motors used in spinning machines for rayon production. Pot motors must run continuously for 24 hours under harsh chemical conditions. Common faults include stator winding issues, single phasing, broken rotor bars, and bearing damage from high temperatures, contamination, or improper lubrication. To improve reliability, techniques were implemented such as using a capacitor bank to improve power factor, ceramic bearings, copper bars in the rotor, increasing the stator winding diameter, and regular visual inspections. The goal is to reduce faults and maintenance while increasing pot motor reliability.
Design of Data Aquistion interface circuit used in Detection Inter-turn Fault...IJERA Editor
A commitment to condition monitoring involves the operators of plant in the conduct of a range of activities. These activities may be complicated in nature and indeed may often be performed automatically under computer control. They can, however, always be down into a relatively small number of easily identifiable functional tasks. This makes it much easier to identify the common elements of machine condition monitoring schemes .The Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) is considered the most popular fault detection method now a day because it can easily detect the common machine fault such as turn to turn short circuit . The present paper discusses the fundamentals of Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) plus condition monitoring of the induction motor using MCSA. A proposed interface circuit design and application will be further explain in this paper, the implemented monitoring unit circuit also illustrated, see appendix A. Artificial neural networks are extensively used for speed, torque estimation, and solid state drive control in both DC and AC machines. Two scenarios presented in this paper, first ten turns assume to be shorted, and in the second thirty turns shorted to show the difference in the amplitude of frequencies at each case. Finally artificial intelligent techniques are increasingly used for condition monitoring and fault detection of machines. This paper present. An improvement in three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor stator inter-turn fault detection and diagnosis based on a neural network approach is presented.
Protection Schemes for Three Phase Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses protection schemes for three-phase induction motors. It begins by introducing the problem of individual phasing which occurs when one phase loses voltage supply, causing the motor to draw excessive current and overheat. Current bimetal overload relays are not effective at protecting against this. The document then proposes a reliable electronic protection circuit that can instantly trip the motor if any phase current becomes zero. It describes various fault conditions like overloading, under and over temperature. Protection thresholds and trip times are provided for different fault levels. The conclusion is that a microcontroller-based protection system has been designed to sense faults, monitor conditions, and automatically shut off the motor if needed to make operation efficient and safe.
Induction Motor Fault Diagnostics using Fuzzy SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for detecting faults in induction motors using fuzzy logic. It involves developing a virtual fault simulator in LabVIEW to generate current signals corresponding to different motor faults. A virtual fault analyzer acquires the current signals, performs spectral analysis to identify fault frequencies, and uses a fuzzy inference system to analyze the data and diagnose the type of fault. The system is able to detect common faults such as rotor bar failures, load fluctuations, and unbalanced supply voltage. However, further work is needed to refine the system for online monitoring and address limitations before real-time validation.
This document discusses analyzing faults in induction motors using finite element analysis with Magnet software. It first describes modeling a healthy 1HP three-phase induction motor in Magnet, including dimensions of the stator, rotor, shaft, bearings, and end rings. Broken rotor bars are then introduced as a fault to study the variation in starting torque. Magnetic field analysis is performed on the healthy and faulty motor models.
This document presents a mathematical model of ball bearing anomalies in induction machines. It begins with background on ball bearing failures accounting for around 50% of induction machine breakdowns. It then discusses modeling the kinematic frequencies of ball bearings and developing models to represent anomalies on the outer ring and inner ring. The outer ring anomaly is modeled as a series of radial pulses with a frequency equal to the ball rotation frequency around the outer ring. The inner ring anomaly is modeled in a reference frame rotating with the inner ring speed. The modeling aims to analyze the effects of anomalies on electrical and mechanical quantities of the machine and its stability during operation.
Design and Validation of Efficient Flywheel Cup of Magneto to Improve the The...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and validation of an efficient flywheel cup for a magneto to improve its thermal behavior. The flywheel cup is designed with lateral cooling holes to assist in cooling the winding coils. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed using ANSYS software to study the thermal performance and heat dissipation for different scenarios - with no holes/airflow, maximum airflow through axial holes, and maximum airflow through lateral holes. CFD results are compared to physical testing results. The maximum airflow through lateral holes condition indicates lower temperature generation compared to the no holes condition and maximum axial holes condition. Lower coil temperatures ensure the winding insulation is not affected by excess heat.
This document discusses protection schemes for alternators. It covers common faults that can occur in alternators like failure of the prime mover, field failure, overcurrent, overspeed, and unbalanced loading. It describes differential protection and balanced earth fault protection methods. Differential protection compares currents at both ends of the protected section and trips if they are unequal during a fault. Balanced earth fault protection sums currents and trips if the sum is not equal to the neutral current during an internal earth fault. The document provides detailed explanations, diagrams and examples of these protection schemes.
This document provides an overview of a mini-project report on the manufacturing of a turbo alternator at BHEL. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking those who guided the project. The abstract summarizes that the report covers general aspects of turbo generators, electrical design and manufacturing of stators and rotors, cooling and insulation systems, and excitation systems. It also describes the design of stator bars.
Electrical machines vibration - causes effects and mitigation - Mr Sunil NaikProSIM R & D Pvt. Ltd.
A beautiful talk by Mr. Sunil Naik - Head of product Development - TMEIC at the Vibration Analysis & Correlation 30-31 May 2016. He threw some light upon the construction of electrical machines and their operations, and also spoke about the causes of Vibration in them. Many causes of Vibration were discussed. Some mitigation techniques of vibration by Design and by practical Counter measures were also discussed in depth.
Experimental Validation of Vibration Characteristics of Selected Centrifugal ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the vibration characteristics of a selected centrifugal pump. It begins with an introduction to pump vibrations and their causes. Next, it describes the methodology which includes measuring existing vibration levels, developing methods to reduce vibration, and experimenting with different isolation methods. Experimental results show that a grooved circular isolator is most effective at reducing vibration amplitudes while also increasing the first fundamental frequency to avoid resonance conditions. The conclusions determine that a grooved isolator is recommended for use with centrifugal pumps to minimize vibrations.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses induction motor faults. It begins by describing the construction of induction motors, including the stator, rotor, and other parts. It then discusses various types of faults that can occur, including broken rotor bars, rotor mass unbalance, stator faults, single phasing, crawling, and bearing faults. The causes and effects of some key faults are described in more detail, such as broken rotor bars which can be caused by manufacturing defects or thermal/mechanical stresses and produce sideband frequencies in the stator current signature. Rotor mass unbalance is also discussed as causing air-gap eccentricity.
Electrical engineering-portal.com-why does electric motor fail and what can y...Daniel García
1. Electric motor failures are commonly caused by winding insulation breakdown and bearing wear due to various reasons such as power quality issues, variable frequency drives, mechanical misalignment or imbalance, and improper installation factors.
2. Common power quality issues that can lead to motor failure include transient voltages, voltage imbalance, and harmonic distortion which can increase operating temperatures and degrade insulation.
3. Variable frequency drives can cause motor failures through reflections in the PWM output signals, stray sigma currents, and operational overloads which put excessive stress on motor components.
Similar to Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase Induction Motor- A Review (20)
This document discusses the impact of data mining on business intelligence. It begins by defining business intelligence as using new technologies to quickly respond to changes in the business environment. Data mining is an important part of the business intelligence lifecycle, which includes determining requirements, collecting and analyzing data, generating reports, and measuring performance. Data mining allows businesses to access real-time, accurate data from multiple sources to improve decision making. Using business intelligence and data mining techniques can help businesses become more efficient and make better decisions to increase profits and customer satisfaction. The expected results of applying business intelligence include improved decision making through accurate, timely information to support organizational goals and strategic plans.
This document presents a novel technique for solving the transcendental equations of selective harmonics elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) inverters based on the secant method. The proposed algorithm uses the secant method to simplify the numerical solution of the nonlinear equations and solve them faster compared to other methods. Simulation results validate that the proposed method accurately estimates the switching angles to eliminate specific harmonics from the output voltage waveform and achieves near sinusoidal output current for various modulation indices and numbers of harmonics eliminated.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and implemented a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) based GSM-controlled car security system. The system uses a DTMF decoder and GSM module to allow a car to be remotely controlled and secured from a mobile phone. It works by sending DTMF tones from the phone through calls to the GSM module in the car. The decoder interprets the tones and a microcontroller executes commands to disable the ignition or control other devices. The system was created to improve car security and accessibility through remote monitoring and control with DTMF and GSM technology.
This document presents an algorithm for imperceptibly embedding a DNA-encoded watermark into a color image for authentication purposes. It applies a multi-resolution discrete wavelet transform to decompose the image. The watermark, encoded into DNA nucleotides, is then embedded into the third-level wavelet coefficients through a quantization process. Specifically, the watermark nucleotides are complemented and used to quantize coefficients in the middle frequency band, modifying the coefficients. The watermarked image is reconstructed through inverse wavelet transform. Extraction reverses these steps to recover the watermark without the original image. The algorithm aims to balance imperceptibility and robustness through this wavelet-based, blind watermarking scheme.
1) The document analyzes the dynamic saturation point of a deep-water channel in Shanghai port based on actual traffic data and a ship domain model.
2) A dynamic channel transit capacity model is established that considers factors like channel width, ship density, speed, and reductions due to traffic conditions.
3) Based on AIS data from the channel, the average traffic flow is calculated to be 15.7 ships per hour, resulting in a dynamic saturation of 32.5%, or 43.3% accounting for uneven day/night traffic volumes.
The document summarizes research on the use of earth air tunnels and wind towers as passive solar techniques. Key findings include:
- Earth air tunnels circulate air through underground pipes to take advantage of the stable temperature 4 meters below ground for cooling in summer and heating in winter. Testing showed the technique can reduce ambient temperatures by up to 14 degrees Celsius.
- Wind towers circulate air through tall shafts to cool air entering buildings at night and provide downward airflow of cooled air during the day.
- Experimental testing of an earth air tunnel system over multiple months found maximum temperature reductions of 33% in spring and minimum reductions of 15% in summer.
The document compares the mechanical and physical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) thin films and sheets reinforced with graphene nanoparticles. LDPE/graphene thin films were produced via solution casting, while sheets were made by compression molding. Testing showed that the thin films had enhanced tensile strength, lower melt flow index, and higher thermal stability compared to sheets. The tensile strength of thin films increased by up to 160% with 1% graphene, while sheets increased by 70%. Melt flow index decreased more for thin films, indicating higher viscosity. Thin films also showed greater improvement in glass transition temperature. These results demonstrate that processing technique affects the properties of LDPE/graphene nanocomposites.
The document describes improvements made to a friction testing machine. A stepper motor and PLC control system were added to automatically vary the load on friction pairs, replacing the manual method. Tests using the improved machine found that the friction coefficient decreases as the load increases, and that abrasive and adhesive wear increased with higher loads. The improved machine allows more accurate and convenient testing of friction pairs under varying load conditions.
This document summarizes a research article that investigates the steady, two-dimensional Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow over a stationary wedge with momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions. The flow considers a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in the presence of a porous medium and viscous dissipation. Governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The equations are highly nonlinear and cannot be solved analytically, so a numerical solver is used. Numerical results are presented for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity and temperature profiles for varying parameters like the Falkner-Skan parameter and Eckert number.
An improvised white board compass was designed and developed to enhance the teaching of geometrical construction concepts in basic technology courses. The compass allows teachers to visually demonstrate geometric concepts and constructions on a white board in an engaging, hands-on manner. It supports constructivist learning principles by enabling students to observe and emulate the teacher. The design process utilized design and development research methodology to test educational theories and validate the practical application of the compass. The improvised compass was found to effectively engage students and improve their performance in learning geometric constructions.
The document describes the design of an energy meter that calculates energy using a one second logic for improved accuracy. The meter samples voltage and current values using an ADC synchronized to the line frequency via PLL. It calculates active and reactive power by averaging the sampled values over each second. The accumulated active power for each second is multiplied by one second to calculate energy, which is accumulated and converted to kWh. Test results showed the meter achieved an error of 0.3%, within the acceptable limit for class 1 meters. Considering energy over longer durations like one second helps reduce percentage error in the calculation.
This document presents a two-stage method for solving fuzzy transportation problems where the costs, supplies, and demands are represented by symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In the first stage, the problem is solved to satisfy minimum demand requirements. Remaining supplies are then distributed in the second stage to further minimize costs. A numerical example demonstrates using robust ranking techniques to convert the fuzzy problem into a crisp one, which is then solved using a zero suffix method. The total optimal costs from both stages provide the solution to the original fuzzy transportation problem.
1) The document proposes using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller for a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) to improve voltage regulation and power quality in a transmission system.
2) A DPFC is placed at a load bus in an IEEE 4 bus system and its performance is compared using a PI controller and ANFIS controller.
3) Simulation results show the ANFIS controller provides faster convergence and better voltage profile maintenance during voltage sags and swells compared to the PI controller.
The document describes an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve vehicle routing problems. It introduces concepts of leptons and hadrons to particles in the algorithm. Leptons interact weakly based on individual and neighborhood best positions, while hadrons (local best particles) undergo strong interactions by colliding with the global best particle. When stagnation occurs, particle decay is used to increase diversity. Simulations show the improved algorithm avoids premature convergence and finds better solutions compared to the basic particle swarm optimization.
This document presents a method for analyzing photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals using correlative analysis. The method involves calculating the autocorrelation function of the PPG signal, extracting the envelope of the autocorrelation function using a low pass filter, and approximating the envelope by determining attenuation coefficients. Ten PPG signals were collected from volunteers and analyzed using this method. The attenuation coefficients were found to have similar values around 0.46, providing a potentially useful parameter for medical diagnosis.
This document describes the simulation and design of a process to recover monoethylene glycol (MEG) from effluent waste streams of a petrochemical company in Iran. Aspen Plus simulation software was used to model the process, which involves separating water, salts, and various glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG, TTEG) using a series of distillation columns. Sensitivity analyses were performed to optimize column parameters such as pressure, reflux ratio, and boilup ratio. The results showed that MEG, DEG, TEG, and TTEG could be recovered at rates of 5.01, 2.039, 0.062, and 0.089 kg/hr, respectively.
This document presents a numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of ventilated disc brake rotors using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two types of rotor configurations are considered: circular pillared (CP) and diamond pillared radial vane (DP). A 20° sector of each rotor is modeled and meshed. Governing equations for mass, momentum, and energy are solved using ANSYS CFX. Boundary conditions include 900K and 1500K isothermal rotor walls for different speeds. Results show the DP rotor has 70% higher mass flow and 24% higher heat dissipation than the CP rotor. Velocity and pressure distributions are more uniform for the DP rotor at higher speeds, ensuring more uniform cooling. The
This document describes the design and testing of an automated cocoa drying house prototype in Trinidad and Tobago. The prototype included automated features like a retractable roof, automatic heaters, and remote control. It aims to address issues with the traditional manual sun drying process, which is time-consuming and relies on human monitoring of changing weather conditions. Initial testing with farmers showed interest in the automated system as a potential solution.
This document presents the design of a telemedical system for remote monitoring of cardiac insufficiency. The system includes an electrocardiography (ECG) device that collects and digitizes ECG signals. The ECG signals undergo digital signal processing including autocorrelation analysis. Graphical interfaces allow patients and doctors to view ECG data and attenuation coefficients derived from autocorrelation analysis. Data is transmitted between parties using TCP/IP protocol. The system aims to facilitate remote monitoring of cardiac patients to reduce hospitalizations through early detection of health changes.
The document summarizes a polygon oscillating piston engine invention. The engine uses multiple pistons arranged around the sides of a polygon within cylinders. As the pistons oscillate, they compress and combust air-fuel mixtures to produce power. This design achieves a very high power-to-weight ratio of up to 2 hp per pound. Engineering analysis and design of a prototype 6-sided engine is presented, showing it can produce 168 hp from a 353 cubic feet per minute air flow at 12,960 rpm. The invention overcomes issues with prior oscillating piston designs by keeping the pistons moving in straight lines within cylinders using conventional piston rings.
More from International Journal of Engineering Inventions www.ijeijournal.com (20)
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase Induction Motor- A Review
1. International Journal of Engineering Inventions
e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491
Volume 3, Issue 4 (November 2013) PP: 22-26
Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase
Induction Motor- A Review
Ravi C. Bhavsar, Prof. R. A. Patel
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ganpat University, Kherva-384012,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ganpat University, Kherva-384012
ABSTRACT: Now a days the use of Condition Monitoring of electrical machines are increasing due to its
potential to reduce operating costs, enhance the reliability of operation and improve service to customers.
Condition Monitoring of induction motors is a fast emerging technology for online detection of incipient faults.
This paper includes a comprehensive review of different types of faults occur in induction motor and also point
out the latest trends in condition monitoring technology.
Keywords: Condition Monitoring, Induction Motors, Fault Monitoring
I.
INTRODUCTION
Three phase induction motors are commonly used in the industry because of its robustness, simplicity of
its construction and high reliability. Although induction motors are reliable we cannot avoid the possibility of
failure. These failures may be very harmful to the motor and hence early detection of failure is needed before they
affect the whole operational performance. This kind of early fault diagnosis can increase machinery availability
and performance, reduce consequential damage and breakdown maintenance. To avoid the unwanted shutdown
and increases the serviceable life of equipment, one must go for predictive maintenance instead of the
conventional time based maintenance. This process reduces the possibility of motor failure during operation. By
using this predictive maintenance one can get the higher reliability and low substantial cost.
The percentage of failures in induction motor component is as follows:
(1) Bearing related faults: 40%.
(2) Stator winding faults: 38%
(3) Rotor related faults: 10%
(4) Other faults: 10%
The major faults of electrical machines can broadly be classified as the following:
(1) Stator faults resulting in the opening or shorting of one or more of a stator phase winding;
(2) Abnormal connection of the stator windings;
(3) Broken rotor bar or cracked rotor end rings;
(4) Static and/or dynamic air gap irregularities;
(5) Bent shaft;
(6) Shorted rotor field winding;
(7) Bearing and gearbox failures.
II.
VARIOUS TYPES OF FAULTS IN THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
A. Stator Faults
In induction motor the stator faults are occurs mainly due to inter turn winding faults caused by
insulation breakdown. They are generally known as phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase faults. Almost 30%-40%
faults are stator faults. It is very important to detect them in time because they can lead to the total destruction of
the motor. Now a days stator current signal analysis is a popular tool to find out stator winding faults due to the
advantage of cheap cost, operation and multifunction. Due to the faults in the induction motor the magnetic field
in the air gap of the machine will be nonuniform and results in harmonics in the stator current which can be
signatures of several faults. [1]
B. Rotor Faults
From the survey it has been showed that 10% faults of total induction motor failures are caused by rotor
winding. Induction motor rotor faults are mainly broken rotor bars because of pulsating load and direct on line
starting. It results into fluctuation of speed, torque pulsation, vibration, overheating, arcing in the rotor and
damaged rotor laminations. [1]
www.ijeijournal.com
Page | 22
2. Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase Induction Motor- A Review
Cage rotors are classified in two parts: cast and fabricated. Cast rotors were only used in small machines,
but now a days due to the development of casting technology it can be used for the rotors of machines in the
range of 3000 kW. While fabricated rotors are generally used in special application machines. [2]
The reasons for rotor bar and end ring breakage are as following:
1. Thermal stresses
2. Magnetic stresses
3. Residual stresses
4. Dynamic stresses
5. Environmental stresses
6. Mechanical stresses. [3]
C. Bearing Faults
This faults contains over 40% of all machine failures. Bearings are common elements of any electrical
machines. The rotary motion of shaft is permitted by the bearings. As seen above the bearings are single largest
cause of machine failures. Basically bearings consists of two rings which are known as the inner and the outer
rings. A set of balls or rolling elements placed in raceways rotate inside these rings. A continuous stress on the
bearing results into the fatigue failures. These failures are at inner or outer races of the bearings. This kind of
failures results in rough running of bearings which results in detectable vibrations and increased noise levels.
Contamination, corrosion, improper lubrication, improper installation and brinelling are the external factors
which are also responsible for the bearing fault. Now when flux disturbance like rotor eccentricities occurs, it
results in unbalanced shaft voltages and currents which are also the reason for bearing failures. [9]
Temperature is also a cause for bearing failure. So it is advisable that the temperature should not exceed
beyond its predetermined limits at rated load condition. A fault in bearing imagined as a small hole, a pit or a
missing piece of material on the corresponding elements. Now defecting rolling element bearings produces
mechanical vibrations at the rotational speeds of each component. Consider the hole on the outer raceway. In this
case the rolling element moves over the defect, it will stay in contact with the hole which produces an effect on
the machine at a given frequency. [9]
D. Eccentricity related faults
Unequal airgap that exist between stator and rotor is known as machine eccentricity. When the
eccentricity becomes larger, the resulting unbalanced radial forces can cause stator and rotor rub, and this can
result in stator and rotor core damage. The eccentricity is divided into two parts: (1) Static eccentricity and (2)
Dynamic eccentricity. In the case of static eccentricity the position of the minimal radial air gap length is fixed in
space. Incorrect positioning of the stator or rotor core at the commissioning stage results into static eccentricity.
[1] [2]
In the case of dynamic eccentricity, the centre of the rotor is not at the centre of the rotation and the
position of minimum airgap rotates with the rotor. This misalignment caused due to the several factors such as
bent rotor shaft, bearing wear or misalignment etc. An air gap eccentricity is permissible upto10%. An inherent
level of static eccentricity exists even in newly manufactured machines due to manufacturing and assembly
methods. [2]
III.
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF CONDITION MONITORING
1.
Thermal Monitoring
The thermal monitoring of electrical machines can be completed by measuring local temperature of the
motor or by the estimation of the parameter. Due to the shorted turns in the stator winding the value of stator
current will be very high and hence it produces excessive heat if proper action would not be taken and results into
the destruction of motor. So some researchers have introduced thermal model of electric motor. Basically this
model is classified into two parts:
(1) Finite Element Analysis based model
(2) Lumped parameter based model
FEA model is more accurate than the second model but it is a highly computational method and also
time consuming. A lumped parameter based model is equivalent to the thermal network and made from thermal
resistances, capacitances and corresponding power losses. In a turn to turn fault, the temperature rises in the
region of the fault, but this might be too slow to detect the incipient fault before it progresses into a more severe
faults. [9]
www.ijeijournal.com
Page | 23
3. Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase Induction Motor- A Review
2.
Air gap torque monitoring
The airgap torque is produced by the flux linkage and the currents of a rotating machine. It is very
sensitive to any unbalance created due to defects as well as by the unbalanced voltages. If the harmonic contains
zero frequency that means the motor is operating in normal condition. The forward stator rotating field produces a
constant while the backward stator field produces a harmonic torque. If we consider the speed of forward and
backward rotating field as +ωs, -ωs, the speed of rotor as ωs(1-s), and speed of rotor magnetic field as s ωs then
the value of the frequency will be -2 ωs. Hence it indicates the gap in the stator winding and voltage. [2]
3.
Noise Monitoring
By measuring and analyzing the noise spectrum we are able to do noise monitoring. Due to the air gap
eccentricity the noise is produced. This noise is used for fault detection in induction motor. However it is not the
accurate way to detect the fault by noise monitoring because of the noisy background from the other machines.
Ventilation noise is associated with air turbulence, which is produced by periodic disturbances in the air pressure
due to rotating parts. The noise is due to the Maxwell’s stresses that act on the iron surfaces. These forces are
responsible for producing the noise in the stator structure. [2] [9]
4.
Vibration Monitoring
The vibrations are produced mainly due to the interturn winding faults, single phasing and supply voltage
unbalance. It is also a parameter which is very useful for monitoring the health of induction motor. Vibrations in
electric machines are caused by forces which are of magnetic, mechanical and aerodynamic origin. [2] [9]
5.
Motor Current Signature Analysis
MCSA is a non-invasive, online monitoring technique for the diagnosis of problem in induction motor.
A full mathematical analysis(with experimental verification) of a three phase induction motor operating with
broken rotor bars was published by Williamson and Smith (1982)- this gives an excellent in-depth analysis. It is
well known that a three phase symmetrical stator winding fed from a symmetrical supply will produce a resultant
forward rotating magnetic field at synchronous speed, and, if exact symmetry exists,there will be no resultant
backward rotating field. In most applications stator current is monitored for diagnosis of different faults of
induction motor. [10]
The MCSA utilizes the results of spectral analysis of the stator current for the detection of air gap
eccentricity, broken rotor bars and bearing damage. It is based on the behaviour of the current at the side band
associated with the fault. For that the intimate knowledge of the machine construction is required. It is known that
when the load torque varies with the rotor position, the current will contain spectral components, which coincides
with those caused by the fault condition. Researchers conclude that Fourier analysis is very useful for many
applications where the signals are stationary.
Any asymmetry of the supply or stator winding impedances will cause a resultant backward rotating
field from the stator winding. Now apply the same rotating magnetic field fundamentals to the rotor winding the
difference is that the frequency of the induced voltage and current in rotor winding is at slip frequency and not at
the supply frequency and is given by f2=sf1, where f2 is the rotor current frequency and f1 is the supply frequency.
[10]
6.
Partial Discharge
Partial discharge can be described as an electrical pulse or discharge in a gas filled void or on a dielectric
surface of a solid or liquid insulation system. This theory involves an analysis of materials, electric fields, arcing
characteristics, pulse wave propagation and attenuation, sensor spatial sensitivity, noise and data interpretation.
This is a small electric discharge, which occurs due to insulation imperfection. One of the main factor of partial
discharge is poor manufacturing which results into voids or air pockets, which get discharged. A deteriorated
winding has a PD activity approximately 30 times or even higher than a winding in good condition. So this is a
very useful technique to monitor the effectiveness of the winding and also the health of the motor. [8]
7.
Wavelet Analysis
Wavelets are functions that can be used to decompose signals, similar to how to use complex sinusoids
in Fourier Transform to decompose signals. The wavelet transforms computes the inner products of the analyzed
signal and family of wavelet. In general terms, mathematical transformations are applied to signals to obtain
further information from that signal that is not readily available in the unprocessed signal. Most of the signals in
practice are time domain signals. That is, whatever that signal is measuring, is a function of time. The frequency
spectrum of a signal is basically the frequency components of that signal. It indicates what frequencies exist in the
signal. [9]
www.ijeijournal.com
Page | 24
4. Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase Induction Motor- A Review
Several transformations can be applied, but all amongst them the Fourier transformation is a best option
and most popular one for signal decomposition. Although this transformation is widely used, it has some
disadvantages. The Fourier transforms gives the frequency information of the signal, but it does not mark when in
time these frequency components exist. [9]
This method works on principle that all signals can be reconstructed from the sets of local signals of
varying scale and amplitude, but constant shape. In contrast with sinusoids, wavelets are localized in both the
time and frequency domains, so wavelet signal processing is suitable for those signals, whose spectral content
changes over time. Wavelet signal processing is different from other signal processing methods because of the
unique properties of wavelets. For example, wavelets are irregular in shape and finite in length.
The decomposition of the signal into different frequency bands is simply obtained by successive
highpass and lowpass filtering of the time domain signal. The original signal x[n] is first passed through a
halfband highpass filter g[n] and a lowpass filter h[n].
After the filtering, half of the samples can be eliminated according to Nyquist’s rule. Simply discarding
every other sample will subsample the signal by two, and signal will then have half the number of points. The
scale of the signal is now doubled. Note that the filtering removes a part of the frequency information, but leaves
the scale unchanged. Only the sub sampling processes change the scale. [7]
8.
Expert Systems
It is a computer program for performing a suitable data acquisition and a FFT is to be activated for
stating the stationary condition of the machine. By using this technique the harmonic contents are eliminated and
perform the reduction of the large amount of spectral information to a sutable level. The system can detect the
health of the motor by using signature extraction and fault identification from the various harmonic component
and from the condition of the motor. [4]
9.
Fuzzy Logic System
For induction motor fault detection, the machine condition is described by linguistic variables. Basic
tools of fuzzy logic are linguistic variables. Their values are words or sentences in a natural or artificial language,
providing a means of systematic manipulation of vague and imprecise concepts. Fuzzy subsets and the
corresponding membership function is constructed for any one parameter for example stator current amplitude. A
knowledge base consisting of rule and databases is formed to support the fuzzy inference.
www.ijeijournal.com
Page | 25
5. Various Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Three Phase Induction Motor- A Review
Fuzzy rules and membership functions are constructed by observing the data set. Once the form of the initial
membership functions has been determined, then fuzzy if-then rules can be derived. [4] [5]
10. Artificial Neural Network
The architecture of the neural network indicates the arrangement of the neural connection as well as type
of units characterized by an activation function. The processing algorithm specifies how the neuron calculates the
output vector for any input vector and for a given set of weights. The adjustment of weights is basically known as
the training of the neural network. The fault severity evaluation can be done by the supervised neural network,
which can synthesize the relationship between the different variables. The neural network can acquire knowledge
through the training algorithm and store the knowledge in syneptic weights.
The objective of training the network is to adjust the weights so that application of a set of inputs
produces the desired set of outputs. [6] [4]
11. Neural Fuzzy System
By combining ANN techniques and fuzzy logic, a neural-fuzzy system is created. The neural-fuzzy is an
ANN structured upon fuzzy logic principles, which enables this system to provide qualitative description about
the machine condition and the fault detection process. Fuzzy parameters of membership functions and fuzzy
rules provide the knowledge. [4]
IV.
CONCLUSION
A brief review of most frequent electric faults in case of induction motor has been described over here
along with their detection techniques. This paper also contains the different monitoring methods of three phase
induction motor which are used previously and also important for now a days like AI based detection techniques.
REFERENCES
[1.]
[2.]
[3.]
[4.]
[5.]
[6.]
[7.]
[8.]
[9.]
[10.]
Y. Han and Y. H. Song, “Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electrical Equipment- A Literature Survey” , IEEE, 2003.
Subhasis Nandi, H. A. Toliyat, and Xiaodong Li, “Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Electric motors- A Review”, IEEE,
2005.
Arfat Siddique, G. S. Yadava, and Bhim Singh, “A Review of Stator Fault Monitoring Techniques of Induction Motors”, IEEE,
2005.
Arfat Siddique, G. S. Yadava, and Bhim Singh, “Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Induction Machine Stator
Fault Diagnostics: Review”, IEEE, 2003.
M. E. H. Benbouzid, and H. Nejjari, “A Simple Fuzzy Logic Approach for Induction Motors Stator Condition Monitoring”, IEEE,
2001.
ElSayed M. Tag Eldin, Hassan R. Emara, Essam M. Aboul-Zahab, Shady S. Refaat, “Monitoring and Diagnosis of External Faults
in Three Phase Induction Motors Using Artificial Neural Network”, IEEE, 2007
Lorand SZABO, Jeno Barna DOBAI, Karoly Agoston BIRO, “Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Rotor Faults Detection Method
for Induction Machines”, Department of Electrical Machines, Marketing and Management Technical University of Cluj, Romania.
Gabe Paoletti., Alex Golubev, “Partial Discharge Theory and Applications to Electrical Systems”, IEEE IAS Pulp and Paper
Industry Conference in Seattle, 1999.
Ph.D. Thesis of Neelam Mehala, “Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor using Motor Current Signature
Analysis”, Electrical Engineering Department, NIT Kurukshetra, October 2010
Neelam Mehla, Ratna Dahiya, “An Approach of Condition Monitoring of Induction Motor using MCSA”, International Journal of
Systems Applications, Engineering & Development, Volume I, Issue I, 2007
www.ijeijournal.com
Page | 26