This document outlines the objectives, outcomes, and content of a computer security course. The objectives are to provide students with knowledge of computer security essentials, security algorithms and protocols, authentication and authorization systems, and IP-based web security standards. The outcomes are for students to understand computer security structures, security techniques and functions, in-depth network security algorithms, security threats, and firewall concepts. The content includes topics like cyber crimes, hackers, security principles, types of attacks, computer viruses, phishing, spoofing, fraud, and the Information Technology Act of 2000. It also provides security tips to help prevent cyber crimes.
This document discusses ethics in cyber space. It begins by defining ethics as understanding how actions affect others, knowing right from wrong, and taking responsibility. It notes that what is unethical is not always illegal. The document then defines cyberethics as the study of ethics pertaining to computer networks and how technology affects individuals and society. It discusses several ethical issues like privacy, access rights, and harmful actions. The document provides examples of common unethical cyber behaviors like cyberbullying, plagiarism, and violating privacy policies. It emphasizes that everyone must be concerned with cyber ethics to ensure technology is used safely and for the benefit of society.
This document introduces the concept of ethical hacking. It begins by defining hacking as finding solutions to real-life problems, and clarifies that the original meaning of "hack" was not related to computers. It then discusses how the term entered computer culture at MIT in the 1960s, where hackers were students who solved problems in innovative ways, unlike "tools" who just attended class. The document outlines some traits of good hacks and provides examples. It emphasizes that media misconstrues hackers as criminals, and explains that real hackers have strong ethics and help catch cyber criminals, unlike crackers who hack systems illegally. The rest of the document provides an overview of skills, subjects, and basic concepts needed for ethical hacking.
This document discusses cyber safety and cyber crimes. It begins by introducing the objectives of educating students about safe internet use and cyber crimes. It then describes how people are connected to the cyber world through social media, banking, shopping, and browsing online. Several types of cyber crimes are outlined, including those committed against individuals, property, and government. Specific cyber crimes like hacking, child pornography, viruses, and software piracy are defined. The document concludes by offering tips for internet safety like using antivirus software, firewalls, and being anonymous online.
This document discusses cyber crimes and cyber law in India. It begins by defining cyber law and the Information Technology Act 2000. It then discusses the need for cyber law to prevent cyber crimes, recognize digital signatures, promote e-commerce, protect intellectual property, and protect data and privacy. Several common cyber crimes are described such as phishing, vishing, smishing, ATM skimming, hacking, privacy violations, cyber stalking, cyber defamation, child pornography, and identity theft. The document concludes with recommendations on investigating cyber crimes and tips for staying safe online and preventing cyber crimes.
This document discusses cyber security and cyber crime. It defines cyber security as the technologies and processes used to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access and cyber attacks. Cyber crimes include illegal access, interception of communications, interference with systems or data, misuse of devices, and fraud. The document provides tips for protecting against cyber crimes such as using antivirus software, firewalls, and being careful about sharing personal information online. It concludes that while complete security is impossible, being aware of risks and taking smart precautions can help minimize threats.
This document discusses challenges in information assurance and authentication. It introduces common web authentication methods like SAML and Shibboleth that enable single sign-on across domains using federated identity. SAML allows sharing of authentication and authorization data in XML format. Shibboleth is an open source single sign-on system that uses SAML and allows identity federations. OpenID is also discussed as a decentralized authentication standard used by many websites. The document compares and contrasts these different authentication methods.
Presented by Paul Wilson, Director General of APNIC and Chair of APrIGF Multistakeholder Steering Group at the Asia Pacific Internet Leadership Program as part of 2016 APrIGF Taipei
1. Cybercrime involves using computers or the internet to facilitate illegal activities such as identity theft, hacking, and financial fraud. The first recorded cybercrime took place in 1820.
2. Common types of cyber attacks include financial fraud, sabotage of networks or data, theft of proprietary information, unauthorized system access, and denial of service attacks. Hacking, pornography, viruses, and software piracy are also examples of cybercrimes.
3. Managing cybersecurity risks requires understanding threats like criminals and spies, vulnerabilities in systems and supply chains, and potential impacts such as data theft, service disruptions, and damage to infrastructure. Strong defenses, insider monitoring, and rapid patching are keys to risk reduction.
This document discusses ethics in cyber space. It begins by defining ethics as understanding how actions affect others, knowing right from wrong, and taking responsibility. It notes that what is unethical is not always illegal. The document then defines cyberethics as the study of ethics pertaining to computer networks and how technology affects individuals and society. It discusses several ethical issues like privacy, access rights, and harmful actions. The document provides examples of common unethical cyber behaviors like cyberbullying, plagiarism, and violating privacy policies. It emphasizes that everyone must be concerned with cyber ethics to ensure technology is used safely and for the benefit of society.
This document introduces the concept of ethical hacking. It begins by defining hacking as finding solutions to real-life problems, and clarifies that the original meaning of "hack" was not related to computers. It then discusses how the term entered computer culture at MIT in the 1960s, where hackers were students who solved problems in innovative ways, unlike "tools" who just attended class. The document outlines some traits of good hacks and provides examples. It emphasizes that media misconstrues hackers as criminals, and explains that real hackers have strong ethics and help catch cyber criminals, unlike crackers who hack systems illegally. The rest of the document provides an overview of skills, subjects, and basic concepts needed for ethical hacking.
This document discusses cyber safety and cyber crimes. It begins by introducing the objectives of educating students about safe internet use and cyber crimes. It then describes how people are connected to the cyber world through social media, banking, shopping, and browsing online. Several types of cyber crimes are outlined, including those committed against individuals, property, and government. Specific cyber crimes like hacking, child pornography, viruses, and software piracy are defined. The document concludes by offering tips for internet safety like using antivirus software, firewalls, and being anonymous online.
This document discusses cyber crimes and cyber law in India. It begins by defining cyber law and the Information Technology Act 2000. It then discusses the need for cyber law to prevent cyber crimes, recognize digital signatures, promote e-commerce, protect intellectual property, and protect data and privacy. Several common cyber crimes are described such as phishing, vishing, smishing, ATM skimming, hacking, privacy violations, cyber stalking, cyber defamation, child pornography, and identity theft. The document concludes with recommendations on investigating cyber crimes and tips for staying safe online and preventing cyber crimes.
This document discusses cyber security and cyber crime. It defines cyber security as the technologies and processes used to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access and cyber attacks. Cyber crimes include illegal access, interception of communications, interference with systems or data, misuse of devices, and fraud. The document provides tips for protecting against cyber crimes such as using antivirus software, firewalls, and being careful about sharing personal information online. It concludes that while complete security is impossible, being aware of risks and taking smart precautions can help minimize threats.
This document discusses challenges in information assurance and authentication. It introduces common web authentication methods like SAML and Shibboleth that enable single sign-on across domains using federated identity. SAML allows sharing of authentication and authorization data in XML format. Shibboleth is an open source single sign-on system that uses SAML and allows identity federations. OpenID is also discussed as a decentralized authentication standard used by many websites. The document compares and contrasts these different authentication methods.
Presented by Paul Wilson, Director General of APNIC and Chair of APrIGF Multistakeholder Steering Group at the Asia Pacific Internet Leadership Program as part of 2016 APrIGF Taipei
1. Cybercrime involves using computers or the internet to facilitate illegal activities such as identity theft, hacking, and financial fraud. The first recorded cybercrime took place in 1820.
2. Common types of cyber attacks include financial fraud, sabotage of networks or data, theft of proprietary information, unauthorized system access, and denial of service attacks. Hacking, pornography, viruses, and software piracy are also examples of cybercrimes.
3. Managing cybersecurity risks requires understanding threats like criminals and spies, vulnerabilities in systems and supply chains, and potential impacts such as data theft, service disruptions, and damage to infrastructure. Strong defenses, insider monitoring, and rapid patching are keys to risk reduction.
This presentation discusses cyber crime and security. It defines cyber crime as criminal acts involving computers and networks, including traditional crimes committed online like fraud and identity theft. The presentation then covers the history of cyber crimes, categories of cyber crimes like hacking and viruses, cyber security methods, and safety tips to prevent cyber crime. It concludes that cyber crime will continue evolving so cyber security is needed to protect ourselves.
This document provides an outline on cyber crimes and cyber security. It begins with an introduction on the growth of the internet and the rise of cyber crimes. It then defines cyber crime as unlawful acts using computers as tools or targets. The document categorizes cyber crimes as those using computers as weapons or targets, and lists common types like hacking, viruses, and identity theft. It discusses the history of cyber crimes and reasons they occur like ease of access online and complex networks. The document also defines cyber security, provides advantages like protection from attacks, and offers tips for prevention such as using antivirus software and firewalls. It concludes that cyber security is an ongoing battle and everyone must play a role to be responsible online.
This document defines cyber security and discusses its various aspects. Cyber security refers to technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It discusses key areas of cyber security like application security, information security, disaster recovery planning, network security, and operational security. It also provides examples of common cyber security threats like malware, ransomware, and social engineering. Finally, it states that cyber security vendors like Cisco, McAfee, and Trend Micro provide endpoint, network, and advanced threat protection as well as data loss prevention solutions.
The document discusses cybercrime and computer misuse cases in Mauritius and African regions. It profiles several Mauritian cybercriminals who engaged in hacking, sabotage, and unauthorized computer access. Cases of computer misuse in Mauritius include phishing schemes and international call diversion. Common cybercrimes in Nigeria, South Africa, and Ghana are also examined, along with relevant legislation in African countries. The challenges of fighting cybercrime in Mauritius are discussed, along with the roles of the Cyber Crime Unit and CERT-MU.
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. Some key advantages mentioned are that the internet is fast, cheap, convenient, and allows global connectivity. Disadvantages include the potential for inaccurate or untruthful information online, as well as high initial installation costs for equipment like computers, modems, and mice. The document raises the question of whether the internet harms or benefits users.
Cyber security refers to protecting online information and addresses increasing security threats as more people use the internet. The document discusses the meaning of "cyber," the need for cyber security to protect data and systems from viruses and theft. It describes major security problems like viruses, hackers, malware, trojan horses, and password cracking. It provides examples of these threats and offers solutions like installing security suites and using strong, unique passwords. The conclusion hopes to increase audience knowledge of cyber security risks and prevention methods.
This document contains a summary of a seminar presentation on cyber crime and security given by Shishupal Nagar. The presentation defined cybercrime, discussed common types of cybercrimes like hacking and denial of service attacks. It covered cybercriminals and classifications of cybercrime. The presentation also provided safety tips for preventing cybercrime and outlined the advantages of cyber security.
This document discusses virtual private networks (VPNs). It defines VPNs as private networks that use public telecommunications like the internet instead of leased lines. VPNs allow remote access to company networks and save costs by reducing equipment and maintenance expenses. The document outlines common VPN protocols like PPTP, L2TP, and IPsec. It also discusses VPN implementations, device types, advantages, applications, industries that use VPNs, and the future of VPN technology.
1. Unauthorized access involves accessing a computer or network without permission, often by connecting and logging in as a legitimate user without causing damages by merely accessing data or programs.
2. Unauthorized use involves using a computer or its data for unapproved or illegal activities like unauthorized bank transfers.
3. Safeguards against unauthorized access and use include having an acceptable use policy, using firewalls, access controls, and intrusion detection software.
This document outlines key controls for cybersecurity. It aims to provide minimum requirements for basic cybersecurity protections. The controls focus on protecting information technology assets and data by prioritizing people, processes, and technology. It also discusses governance, strategy, risk management, compliance, security enhancement, asset management, network security, resiliency, external parties, industrial control systems, and training personnel.
This document summarizes a presentation on two-factor authentication (2FA). It discusses the different types of authentication factors including something you know (e.g. passwords), something you have (e.g. security tokens), and something you are (e.g. biometrics). Software token apps like Google Authenticator and Authy that generate one-time passwords for 2FA are also covered. The document outlines the security issues with passwords and why 2FA is needed based on recent data breaches. It provides an overview of standards like FIDO and implementation recommendations for adding a second authentication factor.
This document discusses various topics relating to cyber ethics including privacy, intellectual property, computer crime, and professional responsibilities. It provides definitions for key terms like privacy, intellectual property, piracy, and spyware. It also outlines the ten commandments of computer ethics and guidelines for netiquette when communicating online. Sample emoticons and acronyms are given. The document concludes with presenting three case studies related to ethics in accessing others' files and information without permission.
This document summarizes a presentation on cybercrime and its impact in Bangladesh. It discusses the types of cybercrimes like hacking and viruses, as well as the profiles of cybercriminals. The document outlines the impacts of cybercrime on individuals, organizations, and society through crimes like identity theft, fraud, and harassment. It also discusses Bangladesh's legal response to cybercrime through the ICT Act and the establishment of cyber tribunals. The conclusion acknowledges that while notable cybercrimes have yet to be committed in Bangladesh, increased technology usage raises the potential threat of future cybercrimes.
This document discusses the internet and its uses and misuses. It defines the internet and describes how it has led to both increased connectivity but also overdependence on technology. It outlines important internet services and both positive and negative uses. Positive uses include online communication and information sharing, while misuses include piracy, identity theft, cyberbullying, fake advertisements, hacking, time wastage, and cybercrime. The conclusion emphasizes both the potential of the internet for business if used carefully and properly, but also the complex issues that must be understood to avoid risks.
Network security involves protecting computer networks from threats. It targets a variety of threats to stop them from entering or spreading on a network. The objectives of network security are access, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. As networks became more common in the 1980s and 1990s, security concerns increased and organizations like CERT were created to address issues. Network security uses multiple layers including firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, and encryption to secure networks from threats.
Cybercrime involves using computers or the internet to steal identities or import illegal programs. The first recorded cybercrime took place in 1820, while the first spam email and computer virus occurred in 1976 and 1982, respectively. Cybercriminals may target computers directly through hacking or use computers as weapons to enable real-world crimes like credit card fraud. Common cybercrimes include hacking, denial-of-service attacks, virus distribution, computer vandalism, cyber terrorism, and software piracy. Cyber security aims to protect personal and business information through prevention, detection, and response to online attacks by maintaining updated software, using strong passwords, and being wary of unsolicited requests for private information. As cybercrime evolves
Network security involves protecting computer networks from unauthorized access. It aims to achieve access control, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. Throughout history, as hacking and crimes emerged in the 1980s and the Internet became public in the 1990s, security concerns increased tremendously. Network security employs multiple layers including physical security, perimeter protection, user training, encryption, and firewalls among other hardware and software components. As threats continue to evolve, the field of network security must also evolve rapidly to protect information and system resources.
This document discusses cyber security. It begins by defining cyber security as the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It notes that cyber security is important because organizations collect, store, and process unprecedented amounts of data that needs protection. Some common cyber threats discussed include cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, cyberspionage, and attacks targeting critical infrastructure, networks, applications, cloud systems, and internet of things devices. The document also examines cyber attack life cycles and common prevention methods.
Each individual when accessing the World Wide Web is concerned with the safety of his or her terminal or computer and information that will be transmitted or received.
La persona se describe a sí misma como de estatura pequeña pero feliz con su altura. Se describe como morena con ojos y labios delgados. Considera que toda ella es pequeña, incluyendo sus manos, pies y cabello negro que a menudo se tiñe de colores castaños. Disfruta pasar tiempo con su familia, comer, escuchar música y ver caricaturas con su hijo.
This presentation discusses cyber crime and security. It defines cyber crime as criminal acts involving computers and networks, including traditional crimes committed online like fraud and identity theft. The presentation then covers the history of cyber crimes, categories of cyber crimes like hacking and viruses, cyber security methods, and safety tips to prevent cyber crime. It concludes that cyber crime will continue evolving so cyber security is needed to protect ourselves.
This document provides an outline on cyber crimes and cyber security. It begins with an introduction on the growth of the internet and the rise of cyber crimes. It then defines cyber crime as unlawful acts using computers as tools or targets. The document categorizes cyber crimes as those using computers as weapons or targets, and lists common types like hacking, viruses, and identity theft. It discusses the history of cyber crimes and reasons they occur like ease of access online and complex networks. The document also defines cyber security, provides advantages like protection from attacks, and offers tips for prevention such as using antivirus software and firewalls. It concludes that cyber security is an ongoing battle and everyone must play a role to be responsible online.
This document defines cyber security and discusses its various aspects. Cyber security refers to technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It discusses key areas of cyber security like application security, information security, disaster recovery planning, network security, and operational security. It also provides examples of common cyber security threats like malware, ransomware, and social engineering. Finally, it states that cyber security vendors like Cisco, McAfee, and Trend Micro provide endpoint, network, and advanced threat protection as well as data loss prevention solutions.
The document discusses cybercrime and computer misuse cases in Mauritius and African regions. It profiles several Mauritian cybercriminals who engaged in hacking, sabotage, and unauthorized computer access. Cases of computer misuse in Mauritius include phishing schemes and international call diversion. Common cybercrimes in Nigeria, South Africa, and Ghana are also examined, along with relevant legislation in African countries. The challenges of fighting cybercrime in Mauritius are discussed, along with the roles of the Cyber Crime Unit and CERT-MU.
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. Some key advantages mentioned are that the internet is fast, cheap, convenient, and allows global connectivity. Disadvantages include the potential for inaccurate or untruthful information online, as well as high initial installation costs for equipment like computers, modems, and mice. The document raises the question of whether the internet harms or benefits users.
Cyber security refers to protecting online information and addresses increasing security threats as more people use the internet. The document discusses the meaning of "cyber," the need for cyber security to protect data and systems from viruses and theft. It describes major security problems like viruses, hackers, malware, trojan horses, and password cracking. It provides examples of these threats and offers solutions like installing security suites and using strong, unique passwords. The conclusion hopes to increase audience knowledge of cyber security risks and prevention methods.
This document contains a summary of a seminar presentation on cyber crime and security given by Shishupal Nagar. The presentation defined cybercrime, discussed common types of cybercrimes like hacking and denial of service attacks. It covered cybercriminals and classifications of cybercrime. The presentation also provided safety tips for preventing cybercrime and outlined the advantages of cyber security.
This document discusses virtual private networks (VPNs). It defines VPNs as private networks that use public telecommunications like the internet instead of leased lines. VPNs allow remote access to company networks and save costs by reducing equipment and maintenance expenses. The document outlines common VPN protocols like PPTP, L2TP, and IPsec. It also discusses VPN implementations, device types, advantages, applications, industries that use VPNs, and the future of VPN technology.
1. Unauthorized access involves accessing a computer or network without permission, often by connecting and logging in as a legitimate user without causing damages by merely accessing data or programs.
2. Unauthorized use involves using a computer or its data for unapproved or illegal activities like unauthorized bank transfers.
3. Safeguards against unauthorized access and use include having an acceptable use policy, using firewalls, access controls, and intrusion detection software.
This document outlines key controls for cybersecurity. It aims to provide minimum requirements for basic cybersecurity protections. The controls focus on protecting information technology assets and data by prioritizing people, processes, and technology. It also discusses governance, strategy, risk management, compliance, security enhancement, asset management, network security, resiliency, external parties, industrial control systems, and training personnel.
This document summarizes a presentation on two-factor authentication (2FA). It discusses the different types of authentication factors including something you know (e.g. passwords), something you have (e.g. security tokens), and something you are (e.g. biometrics). Software token apps like Google Authenticator and Authy that generate one-time passwords for 2FA are also covered. The document outlines the security issues with passwords and why 2FA is needed based on recent data breaches. It provides an overview of standards like FIDO and implementation recommendations for adding a second authentication factor.
This document discusses various topics relating to cyber ethics including privacy, intellectual property, computer crime, and professional responsibilities. It provides definitions for key terms like privacy, intellectual property, piracy, and spyware. It also outlines the ten commandments of computer ethics and guidelines for netiquette when communicating online. Sample emoticons and acronyms are given. The document concludes with presenting three case studies related to ethics in accessing others' files and information without permission.
This document summarizes a presentation on cybercrime and its impact in Bangladesh. It discusses the types of cybercrimes like hacking and viruses, as well as the profiles of cybercriminals. The document outlines the impacts of cybercrime on individuals, organizations, and society through crimes like identity theft, fraud, and harassment. It also discusses Bangladesh's legal response to cybercrime through the ICT Act and the establishment of cyber tribunals. The conclusion acknowledges that while notable cybercrimes have yet to be committed in Bangladesh, increased technology usage raises the potential threat of future cybercrimes.
This document discusses the internet and its uses and misuses. It defines the internet and describes how it has led to both increased connectivity but also overdependence on technology. It outlines important internet services and both positive and negative uses. Positive uses include online communication and information sharing, while misuses include piracy, identity theft, cyberbullying, fake advertisements, hacking, time wastage, and cybercrime. The conclusion emphasizes both the potential of the internet for business if used carefully and properly, but also the complex issues that must be understood to avoid risks.
Network security involves protecting computer networks from threats. It targets a variety of threats to stop them from entering or spreading on a network. The objectives of network security are access, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. As networks became more common in the 1980s and 1990s, security concerns increased and organizations like CERT were created to address issues. Network security uses multiple layers including firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, and encryption to secure networks from threats.
Cybercrime involves using computers or the internet to steal identities or import illegal programs. The first recorded cybercrime took place in 1820, while the first spam email and computer virus occurred in 1976 and 1982, respectively. Cybercriminals may target computers directly through hacking or use computers as weapons to enable real-world crimes like credit card fraud. Common cybercrimes include hacking, denial-of-service attacks, virus distribution, computer vandalism, cyber terrorism, and software piracy. Cyber security aims to protect personal and business information through prevention, detection, and response to online attacks by maintaining updated software, using strong passwords, and being wary of unsolicited requests for private information. As cybercrime evolves
Network security involves protecting computer networks from unauthorized access. It aims to achieve access control, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. Throughout history, as hacking and crimes emerged in the 1980s and the Internet became public in the 1990s, security concerns increased tremendously. Network security employs multiple layers including physical security, perimeter protection, user training, encryption, and firewalls among other hardware and software components. As threats continue to evolve, the field of network security must also evolve rapidly to protect information and system resources.
This document discusses cyber security. It begins by defining cyber security as the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It notes that cyber security is important because organizations collect, store, and process unprecedented amounts of data that needs protection. Some common cyber threats discussed include cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, cyberspionage, and attacks targeting critical infrastructure, networks, applications, cloud systems, and internet of things devices. The document also examines cyber attack life cycles and common prevention methods.
Each individual when accessing the World Wide Web is concerned with the safety of his or her terminal or computer and information that will be transmitted or received.
La persona se describe a sí misma como de estatura pequeña pero feliz con su altura. Se describe como morena con ojos y labios delgados. Considera que toda ella es pequeña, incluyendo sus manos, pies y cabello negro que a menudo se tiñe de colores castaños. Disfruta pasar tiempo con su familia, comer, escuchar música y ver caricaturas con su hijo.
Este documento resume cinco viajes de transporte realizados por diferentes conductores, incluyendo el tipo de vehículo, lugar de destino, kilómetros recorridos y precio por kilómetro. También incluye un resumen de los precios totales, IVA y el nombre del cliente a quien se factura.
Framework for Karlovy Vary Film Festivalmarkreid1895
The document outlines a proposed film education framework for Europe. It aims to inspire and equip people to access, enjoy, understand, create, explore, and share film throughout their lives. The framework focuses on three key dimensions - creative, critical, and cultural processes, practices, and participation. It also describes areas of learning, desired experiences, learning outcomes, and a disposition for lifelong learning around film. The overall goal is to establish a common standard for film education across Europe.
El documento contiene una serie de fichas para niños de inicial a 3 años sobre conceptos lógico-matemáticos como color, tamaño, cantidad, clasificación y orden. Cada ficha presenta actividades como colorear, trazar líneas, recortar y pegar figuras para reforzar los conceptos.
This worksheet helps students classify different animals by having them sort animal names into categories of birds, reptiles, amphibians or mammals. It provides a list of animals including parakeet, turtle, rabbit, elephant, toad, turkey, kangaroo, salamander, chicken, snake, duck, frog, lizard, whale, alligator and newt for students to correctly categorize. The answer key is also provided to check their work.
El documento proporciona información sobre las funciones de Excel, incluyendo SUM, SI, CONTAR.SI, BUSCAR y BUSCARV. Explica cómo usar estas funciones para realizar cálculos, evaluar condiciones lógicas y buscar valores dentro de rangos de datos. También describe los pasos para preparar los datos antes de usar las funciones de búsqueda.
To decline a Latin noun means to add declension endings to show its case, number, and gender. There are three main steps: 1) Look up the noun in the dictionary to find its genitive singular form. 2) Use the genitive singular ending to identify the declension and create the genitive stem. 3) Add the correct endings from the declension chart to decline the noun fully. Examples are provided for declining the nouns for "field", "girl", "slave", and "man".
The document discusses technologies used in local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It covers topics like direct point-to-point communication, shared communication channels, common LAN topologies (star, ring, bus), and WAN differences from LANs. Specific LAN examples discussed are Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and the CSMA/CD protocol used for bus arbitration on Ethernet networks. The presentation provides an overview of fundamental networking concepts and a comparison of LAN and WAN technologies.
Professional Profile - Robyn Varley 2016 Feb v1 0Robyn Varley
Robyn has over 15 years of experience as a project manager in the banking industry, most recently leading a $6M project to implement anti-money laundering reforms. She has a strong track record of successfully delivering complex projects on time and within budget. Robyn excels at establishing governance, risk management, and financial controls to set projects up for success from the outset.
Este documento presenta un resumen del protocolo de aplicación de una actividad sobre hábitos saludables e insaludables en una clase de inglés. La actividad incluyó ver videos, identificar hábitos propios, y presentaciones en grupos sobre hábitos específicos. Los estudiantes lograron identificar hábitos saludables y no saludables y aprendieron vocabulario nuevo. Sin embargo, la falta de recursos tecnológicos en la escuela dificultó parte de la actividad.
This document discusses different film techniques and camera shots, including extreme close ups and close ups. An extreme close up can provide clues about a character, setting, and time of day. It describes a shot showing a rising sun through trees, indicating it could be morning and the character is in a forest. Close ups and techniques like intensity lines, zones of relevance, and hot-seating can be used to understand what happened, who is there, and what may happen next in a story.
CCAJ Paris climate training session 02markreid1895
This document summarizes a training session on filming weather and climate in cinema. It discusses techniques for filming different weather phenomena like rain, snow, fog and wind. It provides examples from films that effectively capture various weather states and conditions. Techniques covered include the use of lighting, sound, editing and camerawork. Example clips are shown and discussed that demonstrate how directors incorporate and represent weather in their films.
This document appears to be an English worksheet for students containing various exercises to practice English grammar and vocabulary. It includes fill-in-the-blank questions to ask and answer about personal details, writing a short text about oneself, completing a crossword puzzle with days of the week, filling in numbers and months, using pronouns, replacing words with pronouns, providing information about pictures using pronouns and sentences, looking up information and answering questions, unscrambling words to form sentences, and writing adjectives and their opposites. The worksheet contains multiple exercises to help students practice different elements of English.
This thesis presented a method called Space Time Alarm Clock (STAC) that combines alarm clock and navigation functionality by alerting users when they need to leave their current location to reach a destination by a deadline. The objectives of developing a method to measure travel times, providing information to smartphones, and prototyping STAC were achieved. STAC was implemented and evaluated, with bottlenecks identified in extracting subnetworks and reading data to improve computational performance.
This document provides an overview of cyber crimes and security awareness. It begins by defining cyber crimes and cyber security. It then discusses the common motivations for cyber crimes, trends showing an increase, and that they are no longer just seen as fun. The document outlines many specific types of cyber crimes like ATM card fraud, harassment on social media, hate communities, and data theft. It provides the applicable laws for each type. Finally, it concludes with security awareness tips, emphasizing the importance of strong passwords, privacy settings, and caution on social media and mobile devices.
Cyber crime refers to criminal acts involving computers and networks. The document discusses various types of cyber crimes such as hacking, phishing, and cyber stalking. It outlines categories of cyber crimes including those against persons, property, and government. The document also provides details on cyber criminals, precautions to prevent cyber crime, and the advantages and disadvantages of cyber space.
Cybercrime refers to criminal activity that targets or uses computers, networks or devices. It can be carried out by individuals or organized criminal groups. Common cybercrimes include hacking, phishing, identity theft, and spreading malware. Cybercriminals use techniques like botnets, zombie computers and denial of service attacks. The majority of cyber attacks come from system insiders, viruses and theft of proprietary information. It is important for individuals and organizations to protect themselves by keeping software updated, using strong passwords, cybersecurity awareness and purchasing cyber insurance.
The document discusses threats to e-commerce, including security threats to electronic payment systems, e-cash, and credit/debit card fraud. It describes how hackers can steal personal and financial information through methods like data packet sniffing, IP spoofing, malware, and failing to patch software vulnerabilities. Fraud occurs because it is easy for hackers to obtain data on the black market and crimes are often not prosecuted due to the difficulty in detection and crossing international borders. Common fraud types are financial fraud like credit card and refund scams, phishing, spamming, and infecting systems with malware.
This document discusses cyber crimes and strategies to address them. It begins by defining cyber crimes as crimes that involve computers and networks, where the computer is either a target, tool, or incidental to the crime. Examples mentioned include hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and cyberbullying. Factors like anonymity, computer storage, and user unawareness enable these crimes. Common cyber crimes are then listed and described, such as denial of service attacks, viruses, software piracy, credit card fraud, and phishing. The document outlines steps schools can take to increase cyber safety awareness among students and teachers through workshops, hotlines, complaint procedures, and appointing cyber security officers.
This document discusses prevention of fraud and forgery in internet banking. It begins by defining fraud and forgery, explaining how they differ. It then explains how internet banking fraud often occurs through phishing attacks, where fraudsters steal login credentials through deceptive emails or websites. The document outlines the typical process fraudsters use, from obtaining details to transferring money. It emphasizes that awareness is key to prevention and provides tips for customers to avoid falling victim, such as using strong unique passwords, updating security software, and being wary of unsolicited communications asking for private information.
Introduction to Computer Forensics & Cyber Securitypivisoc989
The document discusses various topics related to cybercrimes including hacking, cracking, credit card fraud, and cybercrime prevention techniques. It provides details on traditional and modern credit card fraud techniques such as skimming, phishing, and credit card number generators. It also discusses emerging trends in mobile commerce/banking and wireless credit card processing systems. Web technology and cryptography concepts are explained including encryption algorithms and security features. Real-life cases of identity theft and fraud are outlined. The legal perspectives on cybercrime from an international and Indian standpoint are presented along with cybercrime statistics in India.
This document discusses cybercrime, including what it is, why we should be aware of it, and how to protect ourselves. It defines cybercrime as illegal activities involving computers and networks, such as hacking, viruses, and identity theft. The document outlines different types of cybercrimes and their impacts, describing how financial losses from data breaches are rising. It also discusses Indian laws related to cybercrime and provides tips for security measures like using strong, unique passwords and updating software. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of awareness in protecting oneself from cybercrime.
This document discusses cyber security in banks. It begins by defining cybersecurity and its importance for financial institutions. It then outlines some major cyber security threats banks face, such as unencrypted data, automation without security, and third party services. Specific cyber crimes like phishing, ransomware, and bank fraud are explained. The document also provides examples of cyber attacks on Indian banks and discusses implementing blockchain technology for improved security. Finally, it presents a case study on a cyber attack that stole over $94 million from an Indian bank through malware.
Hacking involves modifying systems outside their intended purpose. Computer hacking is most common today, along with phone and brain hacking. Phishing tries to acquire sensitive information like passwords by masquerading as trustworthy entities. It uses bait like hacking to catch victims, and poses an ongoing risk especially on social media. Both hacking and phishing have a long history involving notable exploits and hackers. While hacking can have advantages like security testing, they both carry risks like privacy harm and illegal activities. Common prevention methods include software updates, firewalls, strong unique passwords, and avoiding unsolicited emails/links.
The document discusses cyber terrorism and cyber security. It defines cyber terrorism as using computing resources to harm people, places, or systems through intimidation or coercion, especially via the internet, for political or religious goals. It notes that cyber terrorists have lower risks of capture than traditional terrorists. The document outlines different types of cyber attacks and criminals like crackers and script kiddies. It discusses motivations for cyber attacks and provides recommendations for improving network, server, desktop, and physical security to prevent cyber terrorism.
Preventing Internet Fraud By Preventing Identity TheftDiane M. Metcalf
This document summarizes a research study on educating consumers to prevent identity theft and reduce e-commerce fraud. The study involved providing an identity theft prevention class to elementary school staff and measuring its effectiveness through pre- and post-tests. The class covered safe online practices like identifying spoofed emails and calls. It provided an interactive quiz and presentations on topics like privacy on public WiFi and social media. The results showed participants improved their knowledge after the class, correctly answering more questions on the post-test about common fraud scenarios. The study aims to determine if educating consumers empowers them to better protect their personal information and reduce identity theft online.
The document summarizes information about data security and privacy. It discusses common cyber attacks like malware, viruses, worms and trojans. It provides online safety basics like protecting against phishing, safe online shopping, and backing up important files. It also covers securing key accounts and devices, managing privacy settings, and issues around India's Aadhaar card system. The document emphasizes that data security is important for organizations to maintain trust and protect against risks from security breaches.
The document discusses the history of cyber crimes from the first recorded incident in 1820 to modern times. It outlines some of the earliest cyber crimes and hackers from the 1980s onward. It then provides details on different types of cyber crimes including hacking, denial of service attacks, virus dissemination, software piracy, and more. For each crime type, it gives examples and explanations. The document is an informative overview of the evolution of cyber crimes and the various forms they can take.
SJCTNC-A.ALBERT RAVI-PCM1017Q-E COMMERCE-UNIT-V- TYPES OF CYBER CRIMES.pptxAalbert Albert
The document defines and discusses various types of cyber crimes. It begins by defining cybercrime as any unlawful act involving computers and networks. There are two main types - crimes that target computers directly through malware or denial of service attacks, and crimes that use computers to enable other illegal acts. Cybercrimes are further classified based on their targets, including individual, property, organizational, and societal crimes.
The document then lists and describes 16 specific types of cybercrimes such as child pornography, cyberbullying, cyberstalking, phishing, ransomware, and software piracy. It concludes by providing 7 tips for preventing cybercrimes, such as using security programs, safe online practices,
This document provides an overview of cybercrime, including definitions, common types of cybercrimes like hacking, denial of service attacks, phishing and identity theft. It discusses tools used for hacking and describes phishing techniques. It also outlines India's IT Act and key features. Additionally, it mentions some cyberattacks in India and recommends cyber safety actions like installing updates and using antivirus software.
Cyber crime refers to criminal activity involving computers or networks, where they are tools, targets, or places of crime. Common cyber crimes in India include phishing, fraud, and intellectual property theft. The document outlines several types of cyber crimes such as hacking, cyber stalking, and phishing. It also discusses Indian cyber laws and prevention methods. Overall, the document provides an overview of cyber crimes in India, the relevant laws, and importance of prevention through security measures and awareness.
Mobile security issues & frauds in IndiaYogesh Lolge
Mobile security issues and frauds in India are discussed. Several cases of fraud through SMS phishing, hacking of government websites, SMS scams collecting hundreds of millions of rupees, online credit card fraud on eBay, fake Orkut profiles, and MMS porn scams are described. Authentication, data encryption, firewalls, and intrusion prevention systems are recommended for better mobile security and cybercrime control. The conclusion emphasizes applying strong security concepts without backdoors to protect e-commerce and information technology in India.
2. Course Objective
• To make student know, the essentials of
computer security, also to provide the basic
knowledge of security issues.
• To make students know, different type of security
algorithm, which includes a set of protocol and its
implementation.
• To make students know, the authorization and
authentication in security system.
• To make students know, the general principles of
IP based web security standards.
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3. Course Outcomes
• The students will be able to understand the structure
and organization of computer security and cyber
crimes.
• The students will have basic understanding of security
techniques and function.
• The students will have in depth understanding of
network security algorithm.
• The students will be able to understand the basic
concepts of security threats.
• The students will be able to understand the basic
concepts of firewalls; including authentication,
integrity, and system security design challenges.
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4. Table of Contents
S. No Topic Slide No.
1 Survey in Cyber Crime 6
2 Cyber Crime 7
3 Hackers 8
4 Principles of Security 9 – 14
5 Types of Attack 15 – 18
6 Computer Viruses 19
7 Phishing 20
8 Spoofing 21
9 Phone Phishing 22
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5. Table of Contents
No Topic Slide No.
10 Internet Pharming 23
11 Investment Newsletter 24
12 Credit Card Fraud 25
13 IT Act. 2000 26 – 27
14 Security Tips 28 – 29
15 Text and Reference Book 30
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6. Survey in Cyber Crime
• As per the study, during 2011, 2012, 2013 and
2014 years, a total number of cyber crimes
registered were 13,301, 22,060 71,780 and
62,189.
• Currently, the cyber crimes in India is nearly
around 1,49,254 and may likely to cross the
3,00,000 by 2016 growing at compounded annual
growth rate (CAGR) of about 107 per cent.
• As per the findings, every month nearly 12,456
cases registered in India.
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7. Cyber Crime
Cyber Crime could be any unlawful act where
computer was used as a tool or target or both.
Cyber terrorists usually use the computer as a
tool, target, or both for their unlawful act
either to gain information which can result in
heavy loss/damage to the owner of that
intangible sensitive information.
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8. Hackers
Hacker is computer expert who uses his
knowledge to gain unauthorized access to the
computer network. He’s not any person who
intends to break through the system but also
includes one who has no intent to damage the
system but intends to learn more by using
one’s computer.
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9. Principles of Security
• Confiedentiality
Sender A sends a secret message to receiver B.
Interception cause loss of message confidentiality.
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10. Principles of Security
• Authentication
The authentication process ensures that the origin of a
electronic message or document is correctly identified.
“Proof of identity”.
Fabrication is possible in absence of proper
authentication.
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11. • Integrity
When the contents of a message are changed after the
sender sends it, but before it reaches the intended
recipients, the integrity of the message is lost.
Modification causes loss of message integrity.
11
Principles of Security
13. • Availibility
The principle of availability states that resources should
be available to authorized parties at all times.
Interruption puts the availability of resource in danger.
13
Principles of Security
14. Principles of Security
• Access Control
The principle of access control determines “who”
should be able to access “what”.
Access control specifies and control who can
access what.
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16. Types of Attack
• Fraud
It includes manipulation of electronic currency,
credit cards, electronic stock certificates, checks
letters of credit, purchase order, ATM, etc.
• Scams
Various forms of scams includes sale of service,
auction, multi-level marketing scheme, general
merchandise and business opportunities, etc.
People are enticed to send money in return to
great profit.
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17. Types of Attack
• Destruction
Grudge is the main motive of such kind of attack. Unhappy
employee attack their own organization, Terrorists strike, etc.
Yahoo!, CNN, eBay, Buy.com, amazon.com where authorised
users of these sites failed to log in or access these sites.
• Identity Theft
“Why steal from someone when you can just become
that person?”
It is easier to manage to get the password of someone else’s
bank account until it gets detected.
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18. Types of Attack
• Intellectual Property Theft
It ranges from stealing companies’ trade secrets,
databases, digital music and videos, electronic
documents, and books software and so on.
• Brand theft
Fake Web sites that look like real Web sites.
Causing an identity theft.
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19. A) Computer Viruses
Viruses are used by Hackers to infect the user’s
computer and damage data saved on the computer.
Person would be liable under I.T Act only when the
consent of the owner is not taken before inserting
virus in his system.
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Methods of Attacks
20. B) Phishing
By using e-mail messages which completely
resembles the original mail messages of
customers, hackers can ask for verification of
certain information, like account numbers or
passwords etc. here customer might not have
knowledge that the e-mail messages are
deceiving and would fail to identify the originality
of the messages, this results in huge financial loss
when the hackers use that information for
fraudulent acts like withdrawing money from
customers account without him having
knowledge of it.
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21. C) Spoofing
This is carried on by use of deceiving Websites
or e-mails. These sources mimic the original
websites so well by use of logos, names,
graphics and even the code of real bank’s site.
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22. D) Phone Phishing
Is done by use of in-voice messages by the
hackers where the customers are asked to
reveal their account identification, and
passwords to file a complaint for any problems
regarding their accounts with banks etc.
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23. E) Internet Pharming
Hacker here aims at redirecting
the website used by the
customer to another bogus
website by hijacking the victim’s
DNS server (they are computers
responsible for resolving internet
names into real addresses -
“signposts of internet), and
changing his I.P address to fake
website by manipulating DNS
server. This redirects user’s
original website to a false
misleading website to gain
unauthorised information.
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24. (F) Investment Newsletter
We usually get newsletter providing us free
information recommending that investment in
which field would be profitable. These may
sometimes be a fraud and may cause us huge
loss if relied upon. False information can be
spread by this method about any company
and can cause huge inconvenience or loss
through junk mails online.
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25. (H) Credit Card Fraud
Huge loss may cause to the victim due to this
kind of fraud. This is done by publishing false
digital signatures. Most of the people lose
credit cards on the way of delivery to the
recipient or its damaged or defective,
misrepresented etc.
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27. Noteworthy Provisions Under The
Information Technology Act, 2000.
No Act Punishment
1 Sec.43 Damage to Computer system etc. Compensation for Rupees 1crore.
2 Sec.66 Hacking (with intent or knowledge) Fine of 2 lakh rupees, and
imprisonment for 3 years.
3 Sec.67 Publication of obscene material in e-form Fine of 1 lakh rupees, and
imprisonment of 5 years, and double
conviction on second offence
4 Sec.68 Not complying with directions of
controller
Fine upto 2 lakh and imprisonment of
3 years.
5 Sec.70 attempting or securing access to
computer
Imprisonment upto 10 years.
6 Sec.72 For breaking confidentiality of the
information of computer
Fine upto 1 lakh and imprisonment
upto 2 years
7 Sec.73 Publishing false digital signatures, false in
certain particulars
Fine of 1 lakh, or imprisonment of 2
years or both.
8 Sec.74 Publication of Digital Signatures for
fraudulent purpose
Imprisonment for the term of 2 years
and fine for 1 lakh rupees. 27
28. Security Tips
• Avoid online banking, shopping, entering credit card details,
etc. if the network is not properly secured
• Check your online account frequently and make sure all listed
transactions are valid
• Be extremely wary of e-mails asking for confidential
information. Never ever click on a link given in a spam e-mail
• Always delete spam e-mails immediately and empty the trash
box to prevent clicking on the same link accidentally
• Beware of lotteries that charge a fee prior to delivery of your
prize
• While using a credit card for making payments online, check if
the website is secure as the CVV will also be required for the
payment
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29. • Notify your bank/credit card issuer if you do not receive the
monthly credit card statement on time. If a credit card is
misplaced or lost, get it cancelled immediately
• Do not respond to lottery messages or call on the numbers
provided in the text messages
• Do not provide photocopies of both sides of the credit card to
anyone. The card verification value (CVV), which is required
for online transactions, is printed on the reverse. Anyone can
use the card for online purchases if they get that information
• Do not click on links in e-mails seeking details of your account,
they could be phishing e-mails from fraudsters. Most reputed
companies will ask you to visit their website directly
• Do not give any information to people seeking credit card
details over the phone
Security Tips
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30. • Text Book:
1. Cryptography abd Network Security, William
Stalling, PHI
2. Cryptography abd Network Security, Atul Kahate,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
3. Cyber Security Policy Guidebook, Jinnifer, Jason,
Paul Marcus, Jeffery, Joseph, Willey publication,
2012
• Reference Books:
1. Network Security: The complete Reference, Robertra
Bragg, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Cyber Security Essentials, James Graham, Richard, Ryan,
CRC press, 2011.
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