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1. HACKING

2. HISTORY OF HACKING:
• THE FIRST HACKER WAS APPEARED IN 1960’S AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY(MIT)
• DURING THE 1970’S, A DIFFERENT KIND OF HACKER APPEARED: PHONE
PHREAKER OR PHONE HACKER

3. WHAT IS HACKING:
• IN COMPUTING, A HACKER IS ANY SKILLED COMPUTER EXPERT THAT USES
THEIR TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE TO OVERCOME A PROBLEM. WHILE "HACKER"
CAN REFER TO ANY COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, THE TERM HAS BECOME
ASSOCIATED IN POPULAR CULTURE WITH A "SECURITY HACKER", SOMEONE
WHO, WITH THEIR TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE, USES BUGS OR EXPLOITS TO BREAK
INTO COMPUTER SYSTEMS.

4. TYPES OF HACKER:
Hacker
Ethical Hacker
(White hat)
Cracker
(Black hat)
Grey hat
(Both)

5. Ethical Hacker (White hat): A hacker who gains
access to systems with a view to fix the identified
weaknesses. They may also perform penetration
Testing and vulnerability assessments.
Cracker (Black hat): A hacker who gains
unauthorized access to computer systems for
personal gain. The intent is usually to steal
corporate data, violate privacy rights, transfer funds
from bank accounts etc.
Grey hat: A hacker who is in between ethical and
black hat hackers. He/she breaks into computer
systems without authority with a view to identify
weaknesses and reveal them to the system owner.

6. HACKING TECHNIQUES:
1. KEYLOGGER
2. DENIAL OF SERVICE (DOSDDOS)
3. WATERHOLE ATTACKS
4. FAKE WAP
5. EAVESDROPPING (PASSIVE ATTACKS)
6. PHISHING
7. VIRUS, TROJEN ETC.
8. CLICKJACKING ATTACKS
9. COOKIE THEFT
10. BAIT AND SWITCH

7. KEYLOGGER:
• KEYLOGGER IS A SIMPLE SOFTWARE THAT RECORDS THE KEY SEQUENCE AND
STROKES OF YOUR KEYBOARD INTO A LOG FILE ON YOUR MACHINE. THESE LOG
FILES MIGHT EVEN CONTAIN YOUR PERSONAL EMAIL IDS AND PASSWORDS.
• KEYLOGGER IS ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS WHY ONLINE BANKING SITES GIVE
YOU AN OPTION TO USE THEIR VIRTUAL KEYBOARDS.

8. DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK:
• A DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK IS A HACKING TECHNIQUE TO TAKE DOWN A SITE
OR SERVER BY FLOODING THAT SITE OR SERVER WITH A LOT OF TRAFFIC THAT
THE SERVER IS UNABLE TO PROCESS ALL THE REQUESTS IN THE REAL TIME AND
FINALLY CRASHES DOWN.
• FOR DDOS ATTACKS, HACKERS OFTEN DEPLOY BOTNETS OR ZOMBIE COMPUTERS
WHICH HAVE GOT THE ONLY WORK TO FLOOD YOUR SYSTEM WITH REQUEST
PACKETS.

9. WATERHOLE ATTACKS:
• IF YOU ARE A BIG FAN OF DISCOVERY OR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CHANNELS, YOU
COULD RELATE EASILY WITH THE WATERHOLE ATTACKS. TO POISON A PLACE, IN THIS
CASE, THE HACKER HITS THE MOST ACCESSIBLE PHYSICAL POINT OF THE VICTIM.
• FOR EXAMPLE, IF THE SOURCE OF A RIVER IS POISONED, IT WILL HIT THE ENTIRE
STRETCH OF ANIMALS DURING SUMMER. IN THE SAME WAY, HACKERS TARGET THE
MOST ACCESSED PHYSICAL LOCATION TO ATTACK THE VICTIM. THAT POINT COULD
BE A COFFEE SHOP, A CAFETERIA ETC.
• ONCE HACKERS ARE AWARE OF YOUR TIMINGS, THEY MIGHT CREATE A FAKE WI-FI
ACCESS POINT AND MODIFY YOUR MOST VISITED WEBSITE TO REDIRECT THEM TO
YOU TO GET YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION.

10. FAKE WAP:
• EVEN JUST FOR FUN, A HACKER CAN USE SOFTWARE TO FAKE A WIRELESS
ACCESS POINT. THIS WAP CONNECTS TO THE OFFICIAL PUBLIC PLACE WAP. ONCE
YOU GET CONNECTED THE FAKE WAP, A HACKER CAN ACCESS YOUR DATA, JUST
LIKE IN THE ABOVE CASE.
• EX:
• TOOL: WI-FI PUMPKIN

11. EAVESDROPPING (PASSIVE ATTACKS):
• UNLIKE OTHER ATTACKS WHICH ARE ACTIVE IN NATURE, USING A PASSIVE
ATTACK, A HACKER JUST MONITORS THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
TO GAIN SOME UNWANTED INFORMATION.
• THE MOTIVE BEHIND EAVESDROPPING IS NOT TO HARM THE SYSTEM BUT TO GET
SOME INFORMATION WITHOUT BEING IDENTIFIED.

12. PHISHING:
• PHISHING IS A HACKING TECHNIQUE USING WHICH A HACKER REPLICATES THE
MOST-ACCESSED SITES AND TRAPS THE VICTIM BY SENDING THAT SPOOFED
LINK.
• ONCE THE VICTIM TRIES TO LOGIN OR ENTER SOME DATA, THE HACKER GETS
THAT PRIVATE INFORMATION OF THE TARGET VICTIM USING THE TROJAN
RUNNING ON THE FAKE SITE.

13. VIRUS OR TROJANS ETC. :
• VIRUS OR TROJANS ARE MALICIOUS SOFTWARE PROGRAMS WHICH
GET INSTALLED INTO THE VICTIM’S SYSTEM AND KEEPS SENDING THE VICTIMS
DATA TO THE HACKER.

14. CLICKJACKING:
• CLICKJACKING IS ALSO KNOWN BY A DIFFERENT NAME, UI REDRESS. IN THIS
ATTACK, THE HACKER HIDES THE ACTUAL UI WHERE THE VICTIM IS SUPPOSED
TO CLICK.
• IN ANOTHER WORD, THE ATTACKER HIJACKS THE CLICKS OF THE VICTIM THAT
AREN’T MEANT FOR THE EXACT PAGE, BUT FOR A PAGE WHERE THE HACKER
WANTS YOU TO BE.

15. COOKIE THEFT:
• THE COOKIES OF A BROWSER KEEP OUR PERSONAL DATA SUCH AS BROWSING
HISTORY, USERNAME, AND PASSWORDS FOR DIFFERENT SITES THAT WE ACCESS.
ONCE THE HACKER GETS THE ACCESS TO YOUR COOKIE, HE CAN EVEN
AUTHENTICATE HIMSELF AS YOU ON A BROWSER.

16. BAIT AND SWITCH:
• USING BAIT AND SWITCH HACKING TECHNIQUE, THE HACKER RUNS
A MALICIOUS PROGRAM WHICH THE USER BELIEVES TO BE AUTHENTIC. THIS
WAY, AFTER INSTALLING THE MALICIOUS PROGRAM ON YOUR COMPUTER, THE
HACKER GETS UNPRIVILEGED ACCESS TO YOUR COMPUTER.

17. HACKING LANGUAGE:
1. WEB HACKING:
SINCE MOST OF THE TECH IS BUILD AROUND WORLD WIDE WEB, IT IS IMPORTANT TO LEARN WEB HACKING TO BE A
GOOD HACKER. LET’S SAY YOU ARE INTERESTED IN HACKING WEB APPS AND/OR WEBSITES THEN YOU WILL NEED TO
LEARN WEB CODING. WEBSITES USE MOSTLY HTML, PHP AND JAVASCRIPT SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO LEARN THESE THREE.
• HTML:
ONE OF THE EASIEST AND WIDELY USED STATIC MARKUP WEB LANGUAGE PRESENT IN EACH AND EVERY WEBSITE YOU
SEE IN YOUR BROWSER. IT’S RECOMMENDED TO LEARN HTML BECAUSE IT HELPS UNDERSTANDING WEB ACTIONS,
RESPONSE, AND LOGIC.
• JAVASCRIPT:
JS IS A CLIENT-SIDE WEB PROGRAMMING MOSTLY USED IN WEB SITES FOR BETTER USER INTERFACE AND QUICK
RESPONSE. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN A HACKING CAREER YOU NEED TO LEARN JAVASCRIPT BECAUSE IT HELPS TO
UNDERSTAND CLIENT-SIDE MECHANISM WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FINDING CLIENT-SIDE FLAWS.

18. CONT.….
• PHP:
A DYNAMIC SERVER-SIDE LANGUAGE WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGING WEB-APPS AND
DATABASE. PHP IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MOST ESSENTIAL LANGUAGE BECAUSE IT CONTROLS
EVERYTHING ON SITE AND SERVER, LIKE A CAPTAIN OF A SHIP. IT IS ADVISED TO LEARN PHP
NICELY.
• SQL:
SQL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR STORING AND MANAGING SENSITIVE AND CONFIDENTIAL DATA SUCH AS
USER CREDENTIALS, BANK AND PERSONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE WEBSITE VISITORS. BLACK
HAT HACKERS MOSTLY TARGET SQL DATABASE AND STEAL INFORMATION WHICH IS LATER SOLD
ON UNDERGROUND DARK WEB FORUM. IF YOU WANT TO BE GOOD SECURITY RESEARCHER, YOU
SHOULD LEARN SQL SO THAT YOU CAN FIND FLAWS IN A WEBSITE AND REPORT THEM.

19. CONT...
2. EXPLOIT WRITING
AFTER WEB HACKING, ANOTHER MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE OF HACKING IS EXPLOITS. YOU CAN CRACK A PARTICULAR
SOFTWARE BY WRITING A EXPLOIT. BUT TO WRITE A EXPLOIT YOU NEED TO LEARN EITHER PYTHON OR RUBY.
• PYTHON:
IT IS SAID THAT A SECURITY RESEARCHER OR HACKER SHOULD KNOW PYTHON BECAUSE IT THE CORE LANGUAGE FOR
CREATING EXPLOITS AND TOOLS. SECURITY EXPERTS AND EVEN PRO HACKERS SUGGEST THAT MASTER PYTHON IS THE
BEST WAY TO LEARN HACKING. PYTHON OFFERS WIDER FLEXIBILITY AND YOU CAN CREATE EXPLOITS ONLY IF YOU ARE
GOOD IN PYTHON.
• RUBY:
RUBY IS A SIMPLE YET COMPLICATED OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE. RUBY IS VERY USEFUL WHEN IT COMES TO EXPLOIT
WRITING. IT IS USED FOR METERPRETER SCRIPTING BY HACKERS. THE MOST FAMOUS HACKER TOOL, METASPLOIT
FRAMEWORK IS PROGRAMMED IN RUBY. THOUGH RUBY MAY NOT BE AS VERSATILE AS PYTHON, KNOWLEDGE OF RUBY IS
MUST IN UNDERSTANDING EXPLOITS.

20. CONT.…
• REVERSE ENGINEERING:
• REVERSE ENGINEERING, THE PROCESS OF TAKING A SOFTWARE
PROGRAM’S BINARY CODE AND RECREATING IT SO AS TO TRACE IT BACK TO
THE ORIGINAL SOURCE CODE. IF YOU KNOW REVERSE ENGINEERING YOU CAN
FIND FLAWS AND BUGS EASILY. IF YOU WANT TO LEARN REVERSE ENGINEERING
YOU NEED TO KNOW C, C++ AND JAVA. THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING THE CODE
WRITTEN IN HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE INTO A LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE WITHOUT
CHANGING THE ORIGINAL PROGRAM IS KNOWN AS REVERSE ENGINEERING.

21. HOW TO TRANSLATE THE HACKERS’
LANGUAGE
1 -> I OR L
3 -> E
4 -> A
7 -> T
9 -> G
0 -> O
$ -> S
| -> I OR L
|| -> N
|/| -> M
S -> Z
Z -> S
F -> PH
PH -> F
X -> CK
CK -> X

22. HOW TO TRANSLATE THE HACKERS’
LANGUAGE
• EX)
• 1 D1D N0T H4CK TH1S P4G3, 1T W4S L1K3 TH1S WH3N 1 H4CK3D 1N
• I DID NOT HACK THIS PAGE, IT WAS LIKE THIS WHEN I HACKED IN

23. TOP 10 ETHICAL HACKER:
1) RAHUL TYAGI
2) PRANAV MISTRY
3) ANKIT FADIA
4) KOUSHIK DUTTA
5) VIVEK RAMACHANDRAN
6) TRISHNEET ARORA
7) SUNNY VAGHELA
8) BENILD JOSEPH
9) FALGUN RATHOD
10) JAYANT KRISHNAMURTHY