Cyber space is being emerging as new domain of warfare. In fifth generation of warfare, it is more likely that the cyber power significantly affects the result of wars.

1. CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR
OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
BHADRA BAHADUR SINGH THAKURI

2. AIM
To highlight on the findings of cyber power
and its effects in modern era warfare

3. SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF LITERATURE/ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
DYNAMICS OF MODERN ERA WARFARE
CYBER SPACE AN EMERGING DOMAIN OF WARFARE
CYBER THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
CYBER SECURITY STATUS IN NEPAL
CYBER POWER & WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

4. “The Cyber Battlefield is real.
It’s a place where computers
are used instead of guns,
data packets instead of
bullets, and firewalls are used
instead of barbed wire”
- RICHARD TRACY
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

5. INTRODUCTION
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
War fighting domain,
means and method are
changing and being
more complex with the
time and technological
advancement
Cyber space is emerging
as new domain of warfare
which is vast, virtual and
complex
Superior cyber capability
can dominate
adversaries in modern
warfare
Use of cyber without
adequate security
measures threatens
internal and global
security
Nepal as a developing
country the use of
computer is proliferated
in Multi sectors
Cyber power shapes
war outcomes in
modern era
Many Nations are
building cyber
capability and are in
quest of cyber power

6. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 What is the role of cyber power in modern warfare?
 What are the threats to national security via cyber space?
 How does cyber affect war outcomes in modern era?
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

7. To describe the role of cyber power in modern warfare
To document the threats to national security via cyber space
To examine the effects of cyber power in modern era warfare
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

8. METHOD/ LIMITATIONS
Research Method
 Qualitative Approach
Explorative & Descriptive Method
Case Study
Office Visit & Interview
Subject Limitations
Focus on effects of cyber power in warfare
Secondary data
 Key actor’s future actions are out of reach
 What next in technology is difficult to predict
 Cyber security status in Nepal as example of developing country
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

9. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
 Modern Warfare : Understanding Modern Warfare
 Information Warfare : Global Information Warfare: How Businesses,
Governments, and Others Achieve Objectives and Attain Competitive
Advantages
 Cyber Space : Cyberspaces and Global Affairs
Cyber space and National Security: Threats, Opportunities and Power in
a Virtual World
The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business
 Cyber Warfare : Cyber Warfare: Techniques, Tactics and Tools for Security
Practitioners
 Cyber Security : Cyber security: What Everyone Needs to Know
Mitigating the Local and Global Challenges of Cyber Security
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

10. • Aerial warfare
• Asymmetric warfare
• Biological warfare
• Chemical warfare
• Electronic warfare
• Land warfare
• Guerrilla warfare
• Use of Propaganda
• Psychological actions
• Information Warfare
• Naval warfare
• Network-centric warfare
• Nuclear war
• Space warfare
DYNAMICS
OF MODERN
WARFARE
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

11. CYBERSPACE AN EMERGING DOMAIN OF WARFARE
CYBER WARFARE
SEA
AERO
SPACE
LAND
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
OUTER
SPACE

12. Penetration to
enemy system to
obtain information
Disruption of C
and C system
General disruption
through viruses
Selective disruption
Disruption at some
particular time frame
FORMS OF CYBER WARFARE
Espionage
and national
security
breaches
 Sabotage
 Hacker warfare
 Computer Viruses
 Worms
 Trojan Horses
 Logic Bombs
 Trap Doors
 Chipping

13. Distinct
Features
of Cyber
warfare
Non-physical
domain and no
demarcated
boundaries
Enable
actors
without
employing
armed
forces
Disproportionate
power to
relatively
insignificant
actorsOperating
behind false
IP address
Boundaries
are blurred
between the
military and
civilian
Power can
be exerted
by state or
non state
actors
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

14. As Extension of
politics
Impact on
Military Mission/
Campaign
Cyber at
strategic and
operational
level
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
CYBERSPACE AN EMERGING DOMAIN OF WARFARE…

15. Cyber
Vulnerabilities
Cyber Intrusion
Cyber
Exploitation
Cyber Espionage
Cyber theft
Cyber Attack
Cyber
Security
Building Cyber
Resilient force
Building Cyber Offensive
capabilities
Joint Cyber
Security Cell
CYBER THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Essential Fundamentals
for Protection from
Cyber threat
Increased
protection
against cyber
attack
The capability
to detect when
an attack is
taking place
The potential to
react or
recover when
an attack is
detected
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

16. New global economy
has increased the
spread of computer
systems
Third world countries are in a
position to use computer
systems which can possibly
threaten global securityMilitary units should be
trained specifically to
exploit enemy
vulnerabilities
Use the new team to
gather intelligence,
disseminate warnings
and indications
Provide authorities
With intelligence on
the new threats
to national security
Educate civilian and
military personnel from
top to bottom on
IW threats
DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
AND CYBER
Computer technology is
being rapidly proliferated
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

17. • Application of GIS
• E-Governance Initiatives
• Cyber Security Emergency
Response Team
• Legal Provisions
•Electronic Transaction Act
2008
•IT Policy 2000
• Cyber Crime Investigation
Process
IT INITIATIVES &
CYBER SECURITY
PROVISION IN
NEPAL
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
CYBER SECURITY STATUS IN NEPAL

18. 1955 1960 1970 1975 1985
Invasion
Computer
Cruise Missile
GIS APPLICATIONS OF NA IN TRACKING SYSTEM
1945 TodayMobile Comm
Nepal Army Patrol
GPS Satellites
GPS Reading
GPS Reading Send
Via GPRS
GPS Reading Send
Via GPRS
Nepal Army HQ
Application of GIS
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

19. E- Governance
Initiatives
Legal Provisions
•Electronic
Transaction Act 2008
•IT Policy 2000
Cyber Security
Emergency Response
Team
Cyber Crime
Investigation
Process in Nepal
Formulated in 2006
Digital National
Identity Card
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
EXISTING CYBER SECURITY PROVISION IN NEPAL
• Information and Evidence Collection
• Case Analysis
• Arrest Offender
• Documentation
• Prosecution
ITSERT-NP
• First Information Record
• Co-ordinate with Informer or Victim
• Information Analysis and Verification
• Police Deployment

20. Computer as a Tool
Computer as a Target
CYBER
CRIMES
IN NEPAL• Financial Crimes
• Cyber Pornography
• Sale of Illegal Articles
• Online Gambling
• Intellectual Property Crimes
• Email Spoofing
• Forgery
• Cyber Defamation
• Cyber Stalking
• Unauthorized Access to Computer Systems or Networks
• Theft of Information Contained in Electronic Form
• Email Bombing
• Data Diddling
• Salami Attacks
• Virus / Worm Attacks
• Denial of Service Attack
• Logic Bombs
• Internet Time Thefts
• Trojan Attacks
• Web Jacking
• Theft of Computer System
• Physically damaging a computer system
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

21. IO
N
Precautionary
Measures
Cyber Crime
Investigation Body
Cyber Security in Nepal
Monitoring
Mechanism
Cyber Security
Policy
NEED OF CYBER SECURITY IN NEPAL
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
Provision of CERT

22. METHODS OF PROTECTING CYBER SYSTEM
Use of Firewalls
Anti Virus
Do not open
unknown email
Turn off/
disconnect
computer when
not in use
Disable hidden
filename
extension
Do not run
programs of
unknown origin
Disable scripting
features in email
programs
Make regular
backup of
critical data
Keep all
applications
patched

23. The Evolution of USCYBERCOM
The People’s Republic of China
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Russia
North Korea
CYBER POWER AND WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
Quest of Cyber Power by Key Players
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

24. CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
CHARACTERISTICS OF CYBER POWER
Complementary instruments of power when used autonomously
Cheaper and very low entry cost
Easy to deliver with stealth from anywhere
Difficult to trace the origin of an attack
Ability to disrupt the adversary than destroying the forces
No need to engage in combat operations/ Less or no bloodshed
 Favors the attacker

25. CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
EFFECTS OF CYBER POWER ON MODERN WARFARE
Relations between states and non-state actors
Stealth makes it attractive to many users
 Indispensable element of modern technology- based military capability
Key lever in the development and execution of national policy
Achieve political and strategic goal without armed conflict
Gives disproportionate power to small and insignificant actors
Boundaries are blurred between military and civilian/physical & virtual
power
Speedy attack

26. •Cyber technology has emerged
as invariable feature of modern
life
•Cyber space- vast, complex
and rapidly changing battle
space having no physical
boundary
•Cyber power is the COG of
globalized world
•Cyber weapons are versatile
•Small attack offers force
multiplier
•Complementary status may
change to decisive and
catastrophic at any time
• Existing cyber security
provision in Nepal is not
sufficient hence awareness
of users is necessary
• Difficult to determine the
defensive posture
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA
FINDINGS

27. RECOMMENDATIONS
Opportunity
CERT
Training
Knowledge
Awareness
Formulation of cyber warfare strategy/
Cyber security body
Establishment of Digital Forensic
Enforcement of cyber law/
Institutions to produce
human resources in IT
Air gap/Maintaining
backup of critical data
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

28. CONCLUSION
Need of
secured
cyber
space in
Nepal
Paradigm
shift in
Warfare
Changing
realm of
National
security
CYBER POWER AFFECTS WAR OUTCOMES IN MODERN ERA

29. THANK YOU !

30. QUESTIONS !