CYBERWAR IS NOT A CONVENTIONAL WAR. NATIONS ARE YET TO ENTER INTO ANY INTERNATIONAL TREATY IN THE FIELD OF CYBERWAR. RULES ARE REQUIRED TO BE FRAMED IN THIS FIELD KEEPING IN VIEW THE POTENTIAL OF DAMAGE WHICH CAN BE CAUSED IN THE EVENT OF CYBERWAR.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYTalwant Singh
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYTalwant Singh
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
Cyberterrorism is the use of Internet based attacks in terrorist activities, including acts of deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks, especially of personal computers attached to the Internet, by the means of tools such as computer viruses.
Cyberterrorism is a controversial term. Some authors choose a very narrow definition, relating to deployments, by known terrorist organizations, of disruption attacks against information systems for the primary purpose of creating alarm and panic. By this narrow definition, it is difficult to identify any instances of cyberterrorism.
Cyberterrorism can be also defined as the intentional use of computer, networks, and public internet to cause destruction and harm for personal objectives.[1] Objectives may be political or ideological since this is a form of terrorism[citation needed].
There is much concern from government and media sources about potential damages that could be caused by cyberterrorism, and this has prompted official responses from government agencies.
Brief delivered by TNWAC President Patrick Ryan at a Great Decisions session organized by the Vanderbilt Osher Lifelong Learning Institute on April 9, 2019.
Recent years have shown us the importance of cybersecurity. Especially, when the matter is national security, it is even more essential and crucial. Increasing cyber attacks, especially between countries in governmental level, created a new term cyber warfare. Creating some rules and regulations for this kind of war is necessary therefore international justice systems are working on it continuously. In this paper, we mentioned fundamental terms of cybersecurity, cyber capabilities of some countries, some important cyber attacks in near past, and finally, globally applied cyber warfare law for this attacks.
Are we near the point of cyber-armageddon or are we simply engaged in a new reality of information security priorities? Are the attacks being discovered daily against private sector and public federal systems somehow unique and new, or are they simply the new reality of cyberspace? Organizations are regularly forced to make difficult decisions about how best to protect their information systems. Executives daily open the newspaper to find another example of effective cyber attacks and hacking. How do organizations know when security mechanisms are enough to keep their data safe? In an effort to answer this question and respond to mounting cyber incidents worldwide, the US federal government has been engaging in numerous efforts to secure cyberspace. But what are they and will they be enough? In this presentation James Tarala, a Senior Instructor with the SANS Institute and a Principal Consultant at Enclave Security, will describe current efforts and the tools being offered to help citizens and protect cyberspace.
What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense.
Referent: Kevin Kirst
All Illegal Beach Mining Allegations Against The Company Are Baseless VV Mine...shiva rajan
Viapar is a coastal village in the Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu. Recently, the village has been troubled by heavy beach erosion. This erosion has been said to have occurred from illegal beach mining across the region.
VV Minerals has been held responsible for this erosion without any evidence. It is alleged that the 20 year old company has encroached 30 hectares of government land and other mining lease violations.
HC Dismisses Mining Ban Orders In Respect Of Two Mining Firms VV Mineral Miningshiva rajan
Madras High Court has concluded that the stoppage of mining order issued by the Tamil Nadu government to VV Minerals is illegal and should immediately be reverted.
Cyberterrorism is the use of Internet based attacks in terrorist activities, including acts of deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks, especially of personal computers attached to the Internet, by the means of tools such as computer viruses.
Cyberterrorism is a controversial term. Some authors choose a very narrow definition, relating to deployments, by known terrorist organizations, of disruption attacks against information systems for the primary purpose of creating alarm and panic. By this narrow definition, it is difficult to identify any instances of cyberterrorism.
Cyberterrorism can be also defined as the intentional use of computer, networks, and public internet to cause destruction and harm for personal objectives.[1] Objectives may be political or ideological since this is a form of terrorism[citation needed].
There is much concern from government and media sources about potential damages that could be caused by cyberterrorism, and this has prompted official responses from government agencies.
Brief delivered by TNWAC President Patrick Ryan at a Great Decisions session organized by the Vanderbilt Osher Lifelong Learning Institute on April 9, 2019.
Recent years have shown us the importance of cybersecurity. Especially, when the matter is national security, it is even more essential and crucial. Increasing cyber attacks, especially between countries in governmental level, created a new term cyber warfare. Creating some rules and regulations for this kind of war is necessary therefore international justice systems are working on it continuously. In this paper, we mentioned fundamental terms of cybersecurity, cyber capabilities of some countries, some important cyber attacks in near past, and finally, globally applied cyber warfare law for this attacks.
Are we near the point of cyber-armageddon or are we simply engaged in a new reality of information security priorities? Are the attacks being discovered daily against private sector and public federal systems somehow unique and new, or are they simply the new reality of cyberspace? Organizations are regularly forced to make difficult decisions about how best to protect their information systems. Executives daily open the newspaper to find another example of effective cyber attacks and hacking. How do organizations know when security mechanisms are enough to keep their data safe? In an effort to answer this question and respond to mounting cyber incidents worldwide, the US federal government has been engaging in numerous efforts to secure cyberspace. But what are they and will they be enough? In this presentation James Tarala, a Senior Instructor with the SANS Institute and a Principal Consultant at Enclave Security, will describe current efforts and the tools being offered to help citizens and protect cyberspace.
What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense.
Referent: Kevin Kirst
All Illegal Beach Mining Allegations Against The Company Are Baseless VV Mine...shiva rajan
Viapar is a coastal village in the Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu. Recently, the village has been troubled by heavy beach erosion. This erosion has been said to have occurred from illegal beach mining across the region.
VV Minerals has been held responsible for this erosion without any evidence. It is alleged that the 20 year old company has encroached 30 hectares of government land and other mining lease violations.
HC Dismisses Mining Ban Orders In Respect Of Two Mining Firms VV Mineral Miningshiva rajan
Madras High Court has concluded that the stoppage of mining order issued by the Tamil Nadu government to VV Minerals is illegal and should immediately be reverted.
BGF-UNESCO-at-UCLA conference - Madness - The dynamics of International Cyber...Boston Global Forum
This conference was an official event to establish the Global Citizenship Education Network (GCEN) between UNESCO, UCLA and the Boston Global Forum (BGF) . We had several important dialogues concerning Global Citizenship Education in Cyber Civil Defense
Cyberwar is a form of conflict conducted in the digital realm, where nations, organizations, or individuals use cyberattacks and cyber espionage to achieve strategic goals or gain an advantage over their adversaries. Here's a detailed description of the topic:
1. **Definition**: Cyberwar refers to the use of computer-based techniques and tactics to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, and critical infrastructure, often with the intent to exert influence, espionage, or conduct acts of aggression against an adversary.
2. **Goals and Objectives**:
- **Espionage**: One primary objective of cyberwarfare is to gather intelligence by infiltrating the computer networks of other nations, organizations, or individuals.
- **Disruption**: Cyberwarfare can be used to disrupt critical infrastructure, such as power grids, transportation systems, or financial institutions, causing chaos and economic damage.
- **Destruction**: In some cases, cyberattacks may aim to destroy data, systems, or capabilities, causing long-term damage.
- **Psychological Operations**: Cyberwarfare can be used for psychological operations (PsyOps) to manipulate public opinion or create fear and uncertainty.
3. **Methods**:
- **Malware**: The use of malicious software like viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware to compromise systems.
- **Phishing**: Deceptive emails or websites that trick individuals into revealing sensitive information like passwords.
- **Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)** attacks: Overwhelming a target's network or website to render it inaccessible.
- **Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)**: Long-term, targeted attacks aimed at stealing information or controlling systems.
- **Zero-Day Exploits**: Exploiting vulnerabilities in software or hardware that are not yet known to the vendor.
4. **Attribution Challenges**: Determining the source of cyberattacks can be difficult due to the use of proxy servers, false flags, or the involvement of non-state actors.
5. **International Laws and Norms**: The legal framework for cyberwar is still evolving. Nations are working to establish rules and norms governing state behavior in cyberspace.
6. **Escalation and Deterrence**: The use of cyberweapons raises concerns about escalation and deterrence. The lack of clear boundaries in cyberspace can lead to unintended consequences.
7. **Notable Examples**:
- Stuxnet: A computer worm allegedly developed by the United States and Israel to sabotage Iran's nuclear program.
- NotPetya: A ransomware attack in 2017 that caused widespread damage, initially believed to be a cyberattack by Russia against Ukraine.
- SolarWinds: A supply chain attack discovered in 2020, attributed to Russian hackers, which compromised numerous U.S. government and private sector.
Here you learn about the Cyber Security - Terminologies and its basics and cbyer security threats as well. Slides covering digital knowledge of internet.After going through the slides you will become aware of cyber security basics.
Cyberspace Usages Challenges And Disputeresolution Jautkarshjani
In todays world every 2nd company must have suffered some form of Cyber Crime at some point of time. Should it be ignored or should it be dealt with Iron Hands. Is there anything a company can or must do to prevent this? Yes, where there are problems, there are solutions and our IT Act give you such solutions. What is required is awareness and this presentation is just an attempt to sensitize todays corporates to arise to this issue and deal with it effectively.
Cyber power affects war outcomes in modern eraBhadra Thakuri
Cyber space is being emerging as new domain of warfare. In fifth generation of warfare, it is more likely that the cyber power significantly affects the result of wars.
Event: George Washington University -- National Security Threat Convergence: ...Chuck Brooks
● US Critical Infrastructure Sectors as Targets, presented by Charles Brooks, Vice President, Government Relations & Marketing, Sutherland Government Solutions and Chairman of the CompTIA New and Emerging Technologies Committee
Judicial Appreciation of Digital Evidence 2016Talwant Singh
Cyber law is evolving in India. Every now and then we get new judgments from Supreme Court and High Courts. This is an attempt to keep pace with the changes.
Role of Training and Development in CourtsTalwant Singh
Training is a continuous exercise in every department of an organisation. Judiciary is not an exception to it. To serve the litigants, it is necessary that adequate and timely training is provided to all stakeholders in the Judicial System.
Change Management is essential for any organisation. Judiciaries all over the world are realising its importance and taking steps to implement the same..
Appreciation of Digital Evidence in Sri Lankan LawTalwant Singh
With the changing times, the mode of producing evidence before Court has also changed. Most of the evidence presented before Courts is going to be Digital Evidence, so it is necessary to understand nature and methods to capture such evidence and present the same before Court.
Use of Information technology in Human Resource Management is increasing day by day. The Judiciary has to adopt appropriate ICT for its HRM related needs.
Use of ICT in Courts is increasing day by day. Courts of today are ready for the IT revolution. It is an open debate as to how to bring them at par with other modern organisations in terms of use of technology. This article is an attempt in this direction.
Electronic Evidence is found in all computer and multimedia as well as communication devices. Increasingly most of the business transactions are done in paperless mode but when the disputes arise, then where to look for evidence? This presentation will help you in this field.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
1. RULES OF THE GAME
IN CYBERWAR
BY
TALWANT SINGH
ADDL. DISTT. & SESSIONS JUDGE: DELHI
2. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• There is no precise definition of ‘Cyberwar’.
• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (members
include China and Russia) defines cyberwar to include
dissemination of information harmful to the spiritual,
moral and cultural spheres of other states.
• In contrast, the United States’ approach focuses on
physical and economic damage and injury, putting
political concerns under freedom of speech.
• This difference of opinion has led to reluctance among
Nations to pursue global cyber arms control
agreements.
3. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• A Ukrainian Professor of International Law,
Alexander Merezhko, has developed a project
called the International Convention on
Prohibition of Cyberwar in Internet.
• According to this project, cyberwar is defined as
the use of internet and related technological
means by one state against political, economic,
technological and information sovereignty and
independence of any other state.
4. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• The world needs cyber war "Rules of
Engagement" to cope with potentially
devastating cyber weapons.
• In the intermingled world of cyberspace, we
may need to protect zones that run facilities
such as hospitals or schools.
• Discriminating between military and civilian
targets is more difficult in cyberspace, and may
require protected, marked, domain names.
5. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• Ambiguity about what constitutes cyber conflict
is delaying international policy to deal with it,
and that perhaps the idea of "peace" or "war" is
too simple in the internet age when the world
could find itself in a third, "other than war",
mode.
• Ensuring security in cyberspace is vital to our
national security, our well being and our
prosperity.
• Without it we can't have the economy we aspire
to have.
6. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• Cyber weapons have attributes not previously
seen with traditional weapons, nor considered
during the development of the current Laws of
War.
• Cyber weapons can deliver, in the blink of an
eye, wild viral behaviors that are easily
reproduced and transferred, while lacking target
discrimination.
7. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• The nature of cyber space, with its ease of
anonymity and use of proxies, makes the
attribution of any attack very difficult. This
raises the question of proportionality.
• How strongly should a state respond to an
attack when you do not know who did it, where
they did it from or what the intention was? In
conventional military terms these questions are
easier to answer - not so in the cyber world.
8. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• Capabilities which currently exist include turning
off power grids, disrupting water supplies and
manufacturing systems.
• Countries should exchange strategies and
information to build confidence over the long
term, so one never gets to the point of a cyber
conflict or even a larger conflict.
• Any such agreement remains a distant prospect
because nations lack common legal standards
in cyberspace and information security is
closely connected with national interests.
9. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• The infamous Stuxnet worm was blamed for
infecting industrial control systems and
sabotaging centrifuges at controversial Iranian
nuclear facilities.
• Some have described this malware as the
world's first cyber-weapon though cyber-
espionage in many guises has undoubtedly
been practiced by intelligence agencies across
the world for many years.
10. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• Computer systems underpin the delivery of essential
services, including utilities and telecoms and well as
banking and government services.
• Although attacks against various critical systems are
commonplace they tend to be low level information-
stealing or denial of service exploits.
• Cyberwar risks are all too real and illustrated by the
denial of services attacks that blitzed Estonia off the
web and the Operation Aurora assaults against
Google and other high-tech firms.
11. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• The cyberwar lexicon is especially confusing
because it remains immature.
• For example, there is no agreed definition of
what constitutes a cyber attack on a nation or a
breach of sovereignty.
• Often theft, espionage, reconnaissance or even
simple hacking is described as a cyber attack.
12. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• National and international laws, regulations,
and enforcement are still struggling to catch up
to cyber activities worldwide.
• Rules, protocols, and standards are few and
disconnected, often conflicting with each other.
• In most cases, laws have not kept pace with the
technical ability of an adversary to move rapidly
through national, academic, commercial, and
private internet service providers.
13. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• Protection of strategic-crucial infrastructure and
vital information for national security is of
utmost importance.
• The rules of cyberwar, once adopted, will help
to define conditions in which the armed forces
can go on the offensive against cyber threats
and decide what specific actions it can take.
• The laws of land warfare and law of armed
conflict apply to cyberspace.
14. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• Nation states, non-nation state actors and
hacker groups are creating tools that are
increasingly more persistent & threatening, and
armed forces have to be ready for that.
• Rules of Cyberwar must determine what
represents a reasonable & proportional
response to a cyber attack as the law of armed
conflict authorizes a reasonable, proportional
defense against a physical attack from another
country.
15. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• It remains unclear if the response to cyber
attack includes authority to shut down a
computer network, even if it’s been taken over
by a malicious cyber attacker with intention to
destroy it.
• If it does, also left unanswered so far is who
would have that authority: the Ministry of IT, the
CBI, the military, the Cert-In, the internet
service provider or any other entity.
16. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
• American “kill switch bill": on June 19, 2010, US
Senator Joe Lieberman introduced a bill called
“Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act
of 2010“, which he co-wrote with senator Susan
Collins and senator Thomas Carper.
• If signed into law, this controversial bill, which
the American media dubbed the “kill switch bill”,
would grant the President emergency powers
over parts of the internet.
17. RULES OF THE GAME IN CYBERWAR
THANKS
TALWANT SINGH
ADDL. DISTT. & SESSIONS JUDGE
NEW DELHI (INDIA)
talwant@yahoo.com