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1. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 1 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
CURVED MIRRORS
(SPHERICAL MIRRORS)
 A curved mirror is a mirror with a
curved reflecting surface.
TYPES OF CURVED MIRRORS
 There are two types of curved
mirrors:
1. Concave mirror
2. Convex mirror
1. Concave mirror (Converging
mirror)
 A concave mirror is a mirror that
curves inward towards the reflecting
surface.
2. Convex mirror (Diverging
mirror)
 A convex mirror is a mirror that
curves outward away from the
reflecting surface.
Curved mirrors are parts of a sphere.
Terms used for the study of curved
mirrors
1. Center of curvature C is the
centre of the sphere of which the
mirror is part.
2. Pole is the centre of the mirror
3. Radius of curvature R is the
radius of the sphere of which the
mirror is part.
4. Principal axis is the straight line
joining centre of curvature and pole
of the mirror. CP=R
Question
What happens to parallel light rays
when they hit a concave mirror?
Answer
When parallel light rays hit a concave
mirror they reflect inwards towards a
focal point (F)/focus/principal focus.
Question
What happens to parallel light rays
when they hit a convex mirror?
Answer
When parallel light rays hit a convex
mirror they reflect outwards and travel
directly away from an imaginary focal
point (F)/focus/principal focus.
5. Principal Focus/focal point/
focus is a point (on the principal
axis) where parallel incident rays
meet after reflection
6. Focal length is the distance
between the focus and the pole of the
mirror.

2. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 2 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
IMAGES FORMED BY CURVED MIRRORS.
1. Image formed by concave mirror
 The position, size and the nature of the image formed by the concave mirror depends
on the position of the object.
2. Image formed by convex mirror
 The position, size and the nature of the image formed by the convex mirror do not
depend on the position of the object. The image formed by convex mirror is always
virtual, upright, diminished and it is formed behind the mirror
Drawing Ray Diagram for Curved Mirrors
 When we are drawing the image formed by curved mirror only two rays form the
object are needed, but the following rules must be taken.
1. Rules for Concave mirrors 2. Rules for Convex mirrors
1. The ray of light parallel to the principal axis
will be reflected through F.
1. A ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected
as if it came from F.
2. The ray of light through F will be reflected
parallel to the principal axis.
2. A ray towards F is reflected parallel to the
principal axis.
3. The ray of light through C will be reflected
back through C.
3. A ray towards C is reflected back along its
own path.
4. A ray striking the pole is reflected so that the
incident ray and the reflected ray make the
same angle with the principle axis.
4. A ray striking the pole is reflected so that the
incident ray and the reflected ray make the
same angle with the principle axis.

3. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 3 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
DRAWING IMAGES FORMED BY CURVED MIRRORS
1. Images formed by concave mirror
Position of the object Nature & size of image
1. When the object is placed at infinity.  The image has the following characteristics
Nature of image
1. Real
2. Inverted
3. Forms at the focus (At F)
Size of image
4. Highly diminished (point sized)
2. When the object is placed beyond the
centre of curvature of the mirror.
 The image formed has the following
properties/characteristics
Nature of image
1. Real
2. Inverted
3. Between the focus F center of
curvature C (B/w F & C)
size of image
4. Diminished/reduced
3. When the object is placed exactly at the
centre of curvature C.
 The image formed has the following
properties/characteristics
Nature of image
1. Real
2. Inverted
3. Forms at the center of curvature C
Size of image
4. Same size as the object
4. When the object is placed between the
focus and centre of curvature.
 The image formed has the following
properties/characteristics
Nature of image
1. Real
2. Inverted
3. Beyond/behind C
Size of image
4. Magnified/enlarged

4. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 4 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
5. When the object is placed exactly
at F.
 The image formed has the following
properties/characteristics
Nature of image v
1. Real
2. Inverted
3. At infinity
Size of image
4. Highly enlarged(magnified)
 The table below summarizes the characteristics of the images formed by concave
mirrors.
Object position Image position Nature of image Image size
 At infinity  F  Real & inverted  Diminished
 Beyond C  b/w C and F  Real & inverted  Diminished
 At C  At C  Real & inverted  Same size
 b/w C and F  Beyond C  Real & inverted  Magnified
 At F  At infinity  Real & inverted  Magnified
 b/w F and P  Behind mirror  Virtual & upright  Magnified
2. Images formed by convex mirror

5. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 5 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
Nature of image
 The image formed by convex mirror has the following properties/characteristics:
1. Virtual 2. Upright 3. Behind the mirror 4. Diminished
Mirror Formula/Mirror Equation
f distance between F and Pole
v distance of image from Pole
u distance of object from Pole
R distance between centre of
curvature and pole.
Where
Magnification
 Magnification is the ratio of
image distance and object
distance.
𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 =
𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐕
𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟𝐨𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐔
𝐌 =
𝐕
𝐔
− − − − − − − (𝟏)
 Magnification is the ratio of the
height of the image to height of
the object.
𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 =
𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞
𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐨𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭
𝐦 =
𝐡𝐢
𝐡𝐨
− − − − − − − − − (𝟐)
From 1 and 2 equation
𝐌 =
𝐕
𝐔
=
𝐡𝐢
𝐡𝐨
𝐍𝐎𝐓𝐄
The +/- Sign Conventions
 f is + if the mirror is a concave
mirror.
 f is - if the mirror is a convex mirror.
 di is + if the image is a real image
and located on the object's side of the
mirror.
 di is - if the image is a virtual image
and located behind the mirror.
Worked Examples:
1. Find the distance of the image from a
concave mirror of focal length 15cm
if the object is 20 cm from the
mirror? Find the magnification and
describe the nature of the image?
Answer
f = 15 cm u = 20cm
v =?
𝟏
𝐟
=
𝟏
𝐮
+
𝟏
𝐯
𝐯 =
𝐟𝐮
𝐮 − 𝐟
=
(𝟐𝟎𝐜𝐦)(𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦)
𝟐𝟎𝐜𝐦 − 𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦
=
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝟔𝐜𝐦
= 𝟔𝟎𝐜𝐦
m = v/u = (60cm)/20cm = 3
So the image is 60cm in
front of the mirror and it is
real and magnified.
2. Find the distance of the image from a
convex mirror of focal length 10 cm if
the object is 15 cm from the mirror?
Calculate the magnification and
describe the nature of the image?

6. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 6 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
Answer
f = - 10 cm u = 15cm
v =?
𝟏
𝐟
=
𝟏
𝐮
+
𝟏
𝐯
𝐯 =
𝐟𝐮
𝐮 − 𝐟
=
(−𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦)(𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦)
𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦 − (−𝟏𝟎𝐜𝐦)
=
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝟐𝟓𝐜𝐦
= − 𝟔𝐜𝐦
m = v/u = -6cm/15cm = - 0.4
v = - 6cm (the minus sign
indicates that the image is
virtual)
The image is 6cm behind the
mirror and it is virtual and
diminished.
3. Find the distance of the image from a
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm
if the object is 5 cm from the mirror?
Calculate the magnification and
describe the nature of the image?
Answer
f = 10 cm u = 5cm
v =?
𝟏
𝐟
=
𝟏
𝐮
+
𝟏
𝐯
𝐯 =
𝐟𝐮
𝐮 − 𝐟
=
(𝟏𝟎𝐜𝐦)(𝟓𝐜𝐦)
𝟓𝐜𝐦 − 𝟏𝟎𝐜𝐦
=
𝟓𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟐
− 𝟓𝐜𝐦
= −𝟏𝟎𝐜𝐦
The image is 5 cm behind the
mirror. It is virtual because v is
negative and magnified.
4. When an object is placed 20cm from
a concave mirror, a real image
magnified three times is formed.
a) Find the focal length of the
mirror?
b) Where the object must be
placed to give a virtual image
magnified three times?
a) 𝐦 =
𝐯
𝐮
therefore
v = mu = (3) (20cm) = 60cm.
𝐟 =
𝐮𝐯
(𝐯 + 𝐮)
=
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝟖𝟎𝐜𝐦
= 𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦
b) m = - 3
Therefore
v = - 3u
𝟏
𝐟
=
𝟏
𝐮
+
𝟏
𝐯
𝟏
𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦
= (
𝟏
𝐮
) + (
𝟏
− 𝟑𝐮
) then
3u = 30cm and u=10cm.
Exercise:
1. A concave mirror of focal length
15cm has an object placed 25cm from
it. Find the position (image distance)
and the nature of the image?
2. A concave mirror of focal length 15
has an object placed 10cm from it.
calculate
a) The distance between the
image and the mirror?
b) The magnification of the
image?
c) The height of the image if the
object is 4cm high?
d) Describe the nature of the
image?
3. An object 5cm high is placed 30cm in
front of a concave mirror. The image
is 60cm in front of the mirror. Find
a) The focal length of the mirror?
b) The magnification?
c) The size of the image?
APPLICATIONS/USES OF
CURVED MIRRORS
 Concave mirrors are used:-
1. Head lamps of the car
2. Torches (to produce parallel
beam of light)
3. Astronomical telescope
4. Tv dishes (To collect Tv signals)
5. Dentists to examine the teeth
6. Projectors
 Convex mirrors are used:-
1. Rear view mirrors in a car
2. To provide a wide view
====END===

7. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 7 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
Section Review Questions
1. What are the two types of curved
mirrors?
A. Concave and convex
B. Convex and flat
C. Concave and plane
D. Flat and spherical
2. Which type of mirror curves inward
towards the reflecting surface?
A. Convex
B. Plane
C. Concave
D. Spherical
3. When parallel light rays hit a
concave mirror, they reflect towards:
A. The center of curvature
B. The pole
C. A focal point
D. Away from the mirror
4. The point where parallel incident
rays meet after reflection in a
concave mirror is called:
A. Vertex
B. Focus
C. Center of curvature
D. Pole
5. What type of image is formed by a
convex mirror?
A. Real and inverted
B. Virtual and inverted
C. Real and upright
D. Virtual and upright
6. Which mirror type always forms an
image that is virtual, upright, and
diminished?
A. Concave
B. Plane
C. Convex
D. Spherical
7. What is the distance between the
focus and the pole of a mirror called?
A. Radius of curvature
B. Focal length
C. Magnification
D. Image distance
8. The mirror formula relates the focal
length, object distance, and:
A. Magnification
B. Image distance
C. Radius of curvature
D. Height of the mirror
9. What is the formula for
magnification using image distance
and object distance?
A. M = V/U
B. M = H/V
C. M = F/U
D. M = R/U
10.When an object is placed between
the focus and the center of curvature
of a concave mirror, the image
formed is:
A. Virtual and magnified
B. Real and magnified
C. Real and inverted
D. Virtual and diminished
11.Which mirror type is commonly used
in rear-view mirrors in cars?
A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Plane
D. Spherical
12.The position, size, and nature of the
image formed by a convex mirror:
A. Depend on the position of the
object
B. Do not depend on the position of
the object
C. Are always real and inverted
D. Are always virtual and upright
13.In a concave mirror, when an object
is placed at the center of curvature,
the image formed is:
A. Virtual and magnified
B. Real and magnified
C. Real and inverted
D. Virtual and diminished
14.What type of mirror is used in
headlamps of cars?
A. Convex
B. Plane
C. Concave
D. Spherical
15.Which mirror type is used in
telescopes to collect light?
A. Convex

8. Physics Form2 Chapter 5 Reflection of Light
STD Name:-__________________________________Class
Page 8 of 8
Instructor
© A/Risak A/Rashid Muhumed (Ratio)
B. Plane
C. Concave
D. Spherical
16.When an object is placed at infinity
from a concave mirror, the image
formed is:
A. Virtual and enlarged
B. Real and enlarged
C. Real and inverted
D. Virtual and diminished
17.What is the nature of the image
formed by a convex mirror?
A. Real and inverted
B. Virtual and upright
C. Virtual and inverted
D. Real and upright
18.The mirror formula is applicable to:
A. Concave mirrors only
B. Convex mirrors only
C. Both concave and convex
mirrors
D. Plane mirrors only
19.What is the nature of the image
formed by a concave mirror when the
object is placed beyond the center of
curvature?
A. Virtual and inverted
B. Real and inverted
C. Real and upright
D. Virtual and upright
20.The principal focus of a concave
mirror is located:
A. Between the pole and the center
of curvature
B. At the center of curvature
C. Beyond the center of curvature
D. At the pole
21.Which mirror type forms an image
that is always virtual, upright, and
diminished?
A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Plane
D. Spherical
22.What happens to parallel light rays
when they hit a convex mirror?
A. They converge at a focal point
B. They diverge and spread out
C. They reflect back parallel to the
principal axis
D. They reflect towards the center
of curvature
23.Which mirror type is commonly used
in projectors?
A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Plane
D. Spherical
24.The distance between the focus and
the pole of a mirror is called:
A. Focal length
B. Radius of curvature
C. Image distance
D. Magnification
25.What happens to light rays when
they hit a concave mirror through the
center of curvature?
A. They reflect parallel to the
principal axis
B. They converge at a focal point
C. They reflect back along their
own path
D. They spread out and diverge
"Mastering Curved Mirrors: MCQs
Directly from Your Notes Await!"
These MCQs are directly drawn from
your notes on curved mirrors. Read your
notes thoroughly and tackle the
questions with confidence. Your
understanding of the material will be
reflected in your answers. Good luck!"
Warm regards,
[A/Risak A/Rashid Mohumed]
====END===
Best regards,
YOUR SUCCESS IS OUR GOAL.