This document provides instruction on optical instruments such as mirrors and lenses. It discusses how mirrors and lenses form images, including the characteristics of those images. Key points covered include identifying the type of image formed by different mirrors and lenses using ray diagrams, and understanding properties like orientation, magnification, and focal length. Examples are provided of using ray tracing to determine image characteristics for various positions of an object in relation to a convex mirror.

1. JOEMAR J. CABRADILLA,MSE
Instructor III
Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

2. • Identify the images formed by the different types of mirrors
and lenses
• Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type and
magnification) of images formed by mirrors and lenses
• Apply ray diagramming or ray tracing in describing the
characteristics of images formed by mirrors and lenses.
• Enumerate the properties and characteristics of mirrors and
lenses with their uses as optical instruments.

3. 1. Give example of an optical
instrument.

4. Is an object or device that reflects light. Mirrors are
typically made up of a glass coated with metal
amalgam (alloy) that reflects a clear image.

5. Is another optical device that transmits and refracts
light. A lens is usually made up of a glass or transparent
materials with curved sides. The curved sides of the lens
either or the beam of incident light.

6. Both mirrors and lenses form images. Mirrors
produce reflected images. Images formed by
mirrors and lenses depend on the type used
and location of the object. The characteristics
of the images are in termed of:

7. The image formed can either be .
The image formed can be
The image formed can either be

8. Is the systematic process of tracing or
diagramming rays in forming an image formed.
The following are helpful terms and notations
for ray tracing and diagrams:

9. C FO
Front Back
Principal Axis
Object
Center of
Curvature Focal point
Vertex

10. C FO
Front Back
Focal length
Radius of
curvature

12. Since the two rays drawn do not meet, extend the two rays at the back of
the mirror until they will meet. This is where the image formed.

13. From the ray diagram, we can now
conclude the characteristic of an
imaged formed by a plane mirror.

14. STEP 1: Draw a ray, starting from the top of
the object, parallel to the principal axis and
then reflect passing to the focal point (f).

15. STEP 2: Draw a ray, starting from the top of
the object, passing to the focal point (f) and
reflects parallel to the principal axis.

16. STEP 3: Draw a ray, starting from the top of
the object, passing to center of curvature
and reflects on the same path.

17. The intersection of the lines is the location
of the imag.

19. Do you have:
 Graphing paper
 Colored pencil
 Ruler
 Drawing compass or protractor
 Working brain

20. Do the following:
 Case 1: The object is located beyond the center of curvature
 Case 2: The object is located at the center of curvature
 Case 3: The object is located between the center of curvature
and focal point
 Case 4: The object is located at the focal point
 Case 5: The object is located in front of the focal point.

21.  Case 1: The object is located beyond the center of curvature
C f

22.  Case 2: The object is located at the center of curvature
C f

23.  Case 3: The object is located between the center of curvature
and focal point
C f

24.  Case 4: The object is located at the focal point
C f

25.  Case 5: The object is located in front of the focal point.
C f

26. STEP 1: Draw a ray, starting from the top of
the object, parallel to the principal axis and
then reflect passing to the focal point (f).

27. STEP 2: Draw a ray, starting from the top of
the object, passing to the focal point (f) and
reflects parallel to the principal axis.

30. A 3 cm object was placed 6 cm away from the
convex mirror. Determine the height,
orientation, type and the new location of the
image.

31. A 3 cm object was placed 6 cm away from the
convex mirror. Determine the height,
orientation, type and the new location of the
image.

35. JOEMAR JOAQUIN CABRADILLA,MSE
Instructor III
Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College