Presented by Eduardo A. Vasconcellos of National Public Transport Association (ANTP), Brazil. At www.its.leeds.ac.uk/workshop-transport-equity

1. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
University of Leeds, ITS
Institute for Transport Studies,
ITS Research Seminar
Urban Mobility Challenges in Developing Countries:
The Case of Latin America
Current conditions
Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Leeds, June 24, 2016

2. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
Country Urban Areas
Argentina 1
Brazil 5
Chile 1
Colombia 1
Costa Rica 1
Mexico 3
Peru 1
Uruguay 1
Venezuela 1
TOTAL 15
Brazil
Argentina
Mexico
Colombia
Peru
Chile
Uruguay
C. Rica Venezuela
Total population (cities) 106 million

3. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0
B. Horizonte
Bogotá
Buenos Aires
Caracas
Cd. México
Curitiba
Guadalajara
León
Lima
Montevideo
Porto Alegre
R. Janeiro
San José
Santiago
San Pablo
% of jobs
Jobs per sector
Services
Industry
Agriculture
Uneven development post WWII + fast urbanization
High levels of informality and exclusion
Monthly minimum wage between USD 200 and 250

4. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
29.5% 43.3% 27.1 %
62,6
92,3
57,5
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
Private Public NMT
Million trips/day
Daily trips and modal split, all cities
Total daily trips: 214 million (2 trips/person/day)

5. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,02
0,4
0,4
0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50
Pedestrians
Cyclists
Public transport
Priority (% of road length)
Total road length: 245,000 km
Pedestrians: 50 km
Cyclists: 996 km
Pub. Transport: 904 km

6. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
Areas
Small to large buses Rail Water
Shared
taxis
Jeeps Vans Microbus Bus Large bus Train Subway LRT Boats
B. Horizonte
Bogota
Buenos Aires
Caracas
Cd. México
Curitiba
Guadalajara
León
Lima
Montevideo
Porto Alegre
R. Janeiro
San José
Santiago
São Paulo
Vehicles 14,356 5,691 25,054 78,577 95,555 3,524 2,914 4,638 24 19
Public transport supply

7. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,7 0,1
5,6
23,8
44,4
3,0
0,5
3,0
11,0
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
Million trips/day
Vehicle
Trips by type of public transport

8. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
Bogotá Buenos
Aires
Cd. México Lima R. Janeiro Santiago São Paulo
USD per fare
PT fares largest metropolitan areas
Buses
Microbuses
Train
Metro
50 fares cost from 5% to 30 % of minimum wage (15% average)

9. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
30,5
22,2
38,7
48,2
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Automobile Motorcycle Microbus Bus
Minutes/trip
Average travel time

10. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,72
1,40
0,32
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
Bus Auto Motorcycle
USD/trip
Out‐of‐pocket cost of a 9 km trip
Brazil: 1.0 1.1 0.3

11. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
Pass/km/day
Rail and metro productivity
Metro
Rail

12. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PT revenues and subsidies, Latin America and Europe
Subsidies Revenue

13. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
640
164
Private Public
Energy/trip (GEP)
Public modes: 29%
Private modes: 71 %

14. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,0
100,0
200,0
300,0
400,0
500,0
600,0
700,0
800,0
900,0
Energy use per inhabitant, per day (gep)

15. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0
CO
HC
NOx
MP
CO2
Pollutant emissions per main mode (%)
Public Private

16. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
Fatalities/100,000 people = 5 to 7 times higher as developed countries

17. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
USD million
Mobility assets
Roads
Rail/metro
Auto/moto
Public buses
Total: USD 661.6 billion
Values per inhabitant: 1,819 (Lima) to 11,992 (B.Aires)

18. University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, ITS Eduardo A. Vasconcellos
Transport Equity in Developing Countries Leeds, June 2016
References
ANTP, Sistema de Informação da Mobilidade Urbana, www.antp.org.br
(reports in Portuguese)
CAF ‐Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina, Observatorio de Movilidad
Urbana – OMU www.caf.com (reports in Spanish)
Vasconcellos, Eduardo A .(2001) Urban transport, environment and equity –
the case for developing countries, Earthscan, UK.
____________________(2015) Transporte urbano y movilidad – reflexiones y
propuestas para países en desarrollo,UNSAM, Argentina.
____________________ (2010) Análisis de la movilidad urbana. Espacio,
medio ambiente y equidad, CAF.