Culture And Elusive Culture, A Theory Of Culture

Culture And Elusive Culture, A Theory Of Culture
Attribute theory is a theory of culture that arose in the late nineteenth century that describes culture
"as a set of stable and knowable attributes" (Yon, 2000a, 8). This view of culture suggests that
culture is a "complex whole" of these particular attributes: "beliefs, morals, customs, capabilities,
and habits that people acquire as members of society (Yon, 2000a, 8). Overall, attribute theory
depicts culture as "coherent and predictable" and this means that there are noticeable "patterns of
culture" (Yon, 2000a, 8). In contrast, Yon suggests that culture does not fit this ideal view of
predictability and culture "is not only a product or a set of attributes that can be claimed and neatly
recorded" (Yon, 2000a, 5). Instead, Yon coined ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Temporality of the theories of adolescent depict elusive culture as it shows adolescent culture is
"contested, temporal and emergent" (Yon, 2000b, 144). The elusive culture of adolescence is
"emergent and continually in the making rather than...foreclosed" (Yon, 2000a, 123).
The confident assertions that Nancy Lesko provides in regards to adolescent culture from prior to
1996 show the view of adolescent culture or category as per the attribute theory as a set of knowable
attributes:
1. Adolescence is when people are at the stage of "Coming of Age." "Adolescence are at the
threshold of adulthood" and adulthood will be their enlightenment after period of darkness (Lesko,
148)
2. "Adolescents are hormone driven" (Lesko, 150).
3. "Teenagers are overwhelmingly influenced by peers," (Lesko, 150).
However, Lesko critiques these three attributes or confident assertions and this opens the discussion
as to what are the implications of her critique which is that these attributes are not stable. There is a
tension between the assertions and reality, Lesko suggests that that adolescent culture is more
complicated than these assertions. Her critiques depict the elusive culture of adolescence, for
instance Lesko suggests that adolescents can know themselves over the changing times which is set
against what the coming of age attribute theory suggests, "Being in the state of coming of age erases
the ability
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Culture Industry Theory
It is increasingly clear that media and culture today are of central importance to the maintenance and
reproduction of contemporary societies. Cultures expose society to different personalities, provide
models, which display various forms of societal life and cultivate various ways to introduce people
into dominant forms of thought and action. These are the types of activities integrate people into
society and create our public sphere. Media and technology surround our society; engrained into the
fabric of our existence so much so, that it has become hard to find an aspect of life not influenced by
its effects. For this reason, media controllers, wield extreme power and influence over the lives of
everyday people. Although, they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Debord believed that commodity creation was what characterized new consumer societies, and the
idea of society of the spectacle was a way to analyze theses emerging cultural forms. For Debord,
the media is a part of this spectacle. Debord defines spectacles as, " an exhibit of dazzling perfusion
of commodities and things to purchase which in turn [are] celebrated in advertising campaigns that
inscribed the new consumer items with an aura of magic and divinity",( Durham and Kellner 14).
This is what Burger King has done in its marketing strategies. In one of its most recent marketing
campaigns, Burger King took their trademarked "Whopper" to various remote locations across the
world and surveyed different groups of people, all of whom have never seen let alone eaten a
hamburger before in their life, asking them which burger they like best, the Whopper or Burger
Kings competitor McDonalds "Big Mac". A campaign called "Whopper Virgins". Whopper Virgins
painted the picture to consumers who viewed the video, that the Whopper, and therefore Burger
King, where a commodity that nobody deserved to live without because of their life changing
abilities. Society as spectacle also, "encompasses all the means and methods ruling powers employ,
outside of direct force, which subject individuals to societal manipulation while obscuring the nature
and effects of operations of domination and subordination", (Durham and Kellner 15). Shot in the
form of a

The Transcultural Nursing Theory : The Role Of Culture In...
Each culture, belief and heritage contrasts from person to person. Individuals have their
"independent health behaviors which are affected by their religion and illness beliefs" (Jarvis, 2016).
The definition of both terms health and illness various in all cultures, including how the situation is
directed. But, "In the Transcultural Nursing Theory, nurses have a responsibility to understand the
role of culture in the health of the patient" ("Cultural Awareness and Influences on Health", n.d.).
The origin of these individuals depends on their personal "health and illness beliefs, illness
causation, health maintenance, health protection, health restoration, and traditional healers" (Jarvis,
2016). Without exception, anyone employed in hospitals should have knowledge of these respects
before the physical examination. "Each health care organization should ensure that patients receive
from all staff members effect, understandable and respectful care in a manner compatible with their
culture, health, beliefs, and in their language" (Jarvis 2016).
Obviously, there are many emerging minority group trends whom are "different in age, poverty
level, and household composition" whom have different beliefs in the health care system" (Jarvis
2016). Controversially, according to Cultural Awareness and Influences on Health, "In the United
States an estimated 38% of adults use some form of complementary therapy to treat an illness,
including acupuncture, chiropractic, deep–breathing

Marxism Theory And Culture's Theory Of Culture
Intro If a society is a body then culture would be it state of being or its mentality a society cannot
survive without its though thus the though create the image and behavior that make the individual
society distinct from other.
A) Culture and Subculture To study culture is to find out the definition of culture from various
viewpoints. For some people culture is the identity of a society, or another view of culture is that the
culture is the sum of intelligence that was gather and inherit throughout the age and perhaps some
researcher view culture as a state of being or mentality of a society. For example for Margaret Mead
an American cultural anthropologist that have a view of society in her book Cooperation and
Competition among Primitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another Theory that roots from Marxism Theory will be the Culture Hegemony by Antonio
Gramsci.
Culture Hegemony in simple term is a theory that concludes the majority of power holders define
culture, that they will always be dominant ideologies that manipulate culture. The constant struggle
between power holders are like a pendulum that whoever have the majority power have the right to
define culture using its own core value. Antonio Gramsci used base and superstructure as the
foundation of this theory that clearly draw the line of culture as a whole where the minority follows
the majority.
"In Gramsci's theory, subordinate groups accept the ideas, values and leadership of the dominant
group not because they are physically forced to, nor because they are ideologically indoctrinated,
but because they have reasons of their own. For example, hegemony is secured because concessions
are made by dominant to subordinate groups and its cultural expression will reflect this."(Strinati, D.

The Learning Theory Influences Everyone 's Culture,...
The Learning Theory influences everyone's culture, ethnicity, gender, and social status, by being
from different geographical location and religious background everyone has a unique characteristic,
when it comes to learning or problem solving. One of the most important events in a human's life is
the "Learning Theory". This process takes place from the minute we are born. Information is taken
in and absorbed, in turn builds one's ability to retain what one has learned. Many factors aid in the
learning process which includes ones environment, past experiences, and one's emotion which all
play a rewarding understanding on how ones sees the world and retain information around them. B.
F. Skinner, "who developed the ideas of respondent behavior (that which is brought about by a
specific stimulus and can be conditioned) and operant behavior (that which produces consequences
that tend to be repeated when reinforced and discontinued when not reinforced). Many different
practice models have developed from the theories of the behaviorists, who operate by setting up
controlled situations in which behavior can be conditioned and reinforced. These models are widely
used in teaching, in treating problems of human relationships, and in working with personal
problems that lead to destructive behaviors. As behavior modification develops, certain features are
assuming greater importance. One is the detailed specification of objectives with the possibility of
sub goals that serve as

Examining Different Approaches to Management and Theories...
Terms of reference
The task that I have been set is to examine an organisation of my choice and use my own research to
satisfy the following outcomes:
• Examine different approaches to management and theories of organisation.
• Evaluate how organisational structure and culture contribute to business success.
To do this I need to answer the following questions in the form of a business report:
• Identify the organisation's approach to management, supported with examples.
• Identify the type of structure and provide an overall organisational chart
• Identify the organisation's management style and give examples
• Highlight any variances between theory and practice in Qs 1 to 3 above, using illustrative
examples.
• Identify the culture of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.4 I think that this is relevant to Egg plc because their website contains a lot of information about
their staff, and how they like to have a pleasant, relaxed working environment, whilst achieving high
targets at all times. For example, in every office there is a staff room for relaxation that contains
both a pool table and a table football game. This allows staff to get to know each other better and to
allow for a better atmosphere, because they can relax quickly, and overcome the effects of
potentially stressful jobs.
1.5 Another example of the management taking a positive step towards ensuring staff feel relaxed
and motivated is that there is no uniform at Egg plc. This encourages a freedom of image, and
members of staff tend to enjoy coming to work more than other companies where rigorous rules are
enforced.
2. Identify the type of structure and provide an overall organisational chart.
2.1 The organisational chart for Egg plc can be seen in the appendix at the end of this report.
2.2 Looking at the chart, it can be determined that Egg plc's structure is a functional one. This means
that the company is organised into different departments each responsible for a specific task.

2.3 A major advantage of using a structure like this is that the expertise of each person is being used
collectively in one place. This means that a lot of people are doing jobs that they are good at, and
therefore performance can be optimised.
2.4 Another advantage of

Theory I: Subcultures, Culture And Class
The book chapter 'Theory I: Subcultures, culture and class' was written by the authors; Clarke. J,
Hall. S, Jefferson. T, and Roberts, B (1976). The writers aimed to formulate a theory on why sub
cultures in Britain emerge. The writers focused on the sub cultures of the 1970s, such as the Mods,
Teddy boys and skin heads. This exercise will be critically reviewing this chapter. This review will
begin by summarising the key arguments. Secondly, this review will be assessing the strengths and
weaknesses. Lastly, this review will be analysing the limitations of this theory.
Summary
'Class' is central to understanding how youths formulate sub cultures. The authors are critical on
how youths and sub cultures were previously deemed as 'classless' ... Show more content on
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However this was changing as a result of the regeneration of the economy, family and the
community (30). This led to the labour market being separated into two groups. The first is the
advance skilled, high paid and the low skilled, low waged and unskilled jobs (31). The working
class were being affected by this. The writers use the analysis of the working class problem from
Cohen, (cited in Hall, 1976) to explain how the emergence of sub cultures was a reaction to the
regeneration of the labour market, economy and family

Video Analysis: Babyface Artifacts
Describe: This artifact is a video accessible via the internet, on Youtube. It is a music video and the
voice singing in this media is the artist Babyface. The point of view Babyface has taken is third
person in the song. He also appears throughout the artifact but is not the main focus of the video.
The video shows a lot of blue flashing lights. Some visuals in the artifact are emergency vehicles
like police cars and ambulances. The story takes place in an apartment building and outside of the
apartment building. The subject matter that is the overall focus in this artifact is a couple living in
the building. Analyze: A visible pattern in this artifact is the doors becoming transparent. It happens
again and again to expose a different scene behind each door. There was an emphasis on the crying
child in the film. The eyes reflecting scenes and the zoom in of the tear drops were prominent
patterns. The producer uses the eyes, the tears, and the transparent doors to frame the information
instead of simply showing each scene. The flashing lights from the ambulance is used to transition
from one frame to another. During every domestic abuse scene, the camera films the scenes ... Show
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The artifact is trying to spread awareness to domestic abuse and express how being a bystander can
only make the situation worse. The ambulance and the police cars represented the victims that
unfortunately do not make it out of abusive relationships. The crying boy represented the children
who are forced to live through in home abuse and feel helpless to the situation. The many people
who went up to the door because they heard yelling and things slamming represent the many people
who witness violence but do not do anything about it. These are some main things the artifact points
out to develop the

Theory Based On The Culture Difference
3. Theories based on the Culture Difference: The Intercultural Competence of the two groups
entering into a Joint Venture can be achieved improving the communication skills, Tolerance
towards ambiguity. having an open mindedness and flexibility. The Group should be more dual
focused but they should also maintain a healthy relationship between the Bonazzi and Indo. They
should also have improve their knowledge by having a positive attitude to learn different cultures
and improving their knowledge and tolerance for different styles and cultures including the ability to
succeed in multiple and diverse environments. ( Ng, Tan, M.L, Ang, 2009) The case Bonazzi Indo
Joint Venture can be related to Hofstede's and Gesteland's Cultural ... Show more content on
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In societies with low power distance, people strive to equalize the distribution of power and demand
justification for inequalities of power. (Soares, Farhanhmehr, Shoham, 2006) Uncertainty
Avoidance: The uncertainty avoidance dimension expresses the degree to which the parts of the
society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. From the case, we can clearly see that,
there isn't a significant goal they are trying to aim at. The venture is lacking goal alignment. They go
through a very difficult situation. The Indo group is not clear on what they should do, when Bonazzi
group decides not to invest.The fundamental issue here is how a society deals with the fact that the
future can never be known. (Soares, Farhanhmehr, Shoham, 2006) Masculinity: The masculinity
side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and
material rewards for success. This character is being portrayed by the Indo group and Angeli. They
started this joint venture so that they can use Bonazzi creative knowledge. They also thought they
can use the technology the Bonazzi used to improve their market on passenger cars. The group is
more competitive than the Bonazzi Group. Where as Angeli, is being very bossy, pushy from one of
such statements, " Angeli requested Indo not to get involved in the day–to–day management of the
joint

Culture And Personality Theory, And Dynamic Social Impact...
In this unit, we have discussed many theories and theorists in an attempt to discover how culture
works. Do all of the people within a culture think, act, and behave the same? Do people change over
the course of their lifetime? Does culture change, or does it remain the same forever? This essay will
look at three theories in order to answer these questions: culture and personality theory, basic/modal
personality theory, and dynamic social impact theory.
Culture and Personality Theory
One theory that was discussed in class was the theory of Culture and Personality. There are many
problematic assumptions within this theory. The first is the cultural homogeneity assumption. Within
this assumption, there is this tendency to assume that all members of a particular group must think,
act, and behave in the same way. Not only does this ignore any and all variation within a group, but
also it has not been tested. The second assumption is that of continuity. This assumes that the
personality of someone stays fixed throughout his or her lifetime; in other words, the person never
changes. It assumes that regardless of life experiences, behaviors and personalities do not change
over time. For example, if a child is introverted at the age of three, they will still be introverted
when they reach their thirties. This theory is often assumed, but almost never tested. The third
assumption is of timelessness, which ignores cultural change. Researchers tend to focus on how
cultures are

Intercultural Communication Theories Covering : Hofstede...
John Collier is an individual who has experienced living, working and socialising overseas with
people from different ethnicities. In 1957 he moved from Stamford, England to Seletar, Singapore to
take up a job as a manager with the military. Collier continued to live in Singapore for three years
until his return to England in 1960. His experiences and insight into the foreign culture of 1950's
Singapore will be explored in this essay, with specific reference to intercultural communication
theories covering: Hofstede's value orientations, attributions, intercultural sensitivity, impact of
culture, prejudice and culture shock.
In applying Hofstede's value orientations, 1950's England was an entirely different cultural
experience than can be found in contemporary society today. Equality was uncommon in England's
cultural landscape; there was a hierarchical order in which the higher and lower classes lived their
lives with little to no need for any justification (Waisfisz, 2015). It was also a society in which
gender roles were significantly dissimilar. "Women, once married would stay home to raise and look
after the children, whilst it was the man's job to provide an income that could allow this to happen"
(Collier, 2015). Contemporary England holds altered cultural insights that are very similar to those
in New Zealand. Both countries believe in a minimized power distance amongst the population,
resulting in a culture based on equality rather than hierarchy. Contemporary

Bucholtz's Theory Of Cultural Appropriation Of Culture
Discussion #4
The term acculturation is known as, "...cultural modification of an individual, group, or people, by
adapting or borrowing traits from another culture," (Merriam–Webster). It often refers to minorities,
and their desire to maintain their own culture, yet the ability to stay completely detached from the
surrounding majority community is impossible. Assimilation on the other hand is referred to as, "the
process through which individuals and groups of differing heritages acquire the basic habits,
attitudes, and mode of life from an embracing culture," (Merriam–Webster). With Assimilation,
people are willing to give up some of their cultural values, and place higher importance on the
surrounding majority's ideals. These terms are related to the theory of Cultural Appropriation, which
is, "...the adoption of certain elements from another culture without the consent of the people who
belong to that culture," (Nittle). An example of cultural appropriation is addressed in the Performing
blackness, forming whiteness article when the author talks about blackface minstrelsy, or, "...a
highly controversial European American entertainment tradition involving the exaggerated
performance of stereotypical blackness by white actors and singers," (Bucholtz 681). As Bucholtz
explains, this theory can be seen negatively, as there may be a misinterpretation of the culture, and
the values may be represented wrongly, as well as a discredit from the authentic culture. Throughout
the films 8 Mile and Feel the Noise, assimilation is seen within the characters and plots, and play an
important role in the success of both aspiring rapper's careers, while Cultural Appropriation is
primarily seen in only 8 Mile.
In the film Feel the Noise, the main character, Rob, runs into some trouble in New York where he
lives after attempting to steal rims off of a car. He then must move to Puerto Rico, where his father
lives, in order to escape the men who are out to get him. There are multiple instances within the film
in which the multiple cultures are assimilated, or blended together. Rob's step brother, Javi, holds a
large interest in the music embraced in Puerto Rico, which contains Latin American background.
Rob brings his learned

The Theory Of Culture As A Disability
Culture has the power to disable an individual. Once a person is unable to complete a certain task or
is unable to handle a difficult problem, society labels them as disabled. The theory of culture as a
disability focuses on the fact that disability is not always directly related to the individual, but rather
the dominant culture in power. Ideals are created by the dominant culture and if an individual, or an
entire race, does not meet those standards, then they are labeled as disabled and different.
Throughout the years, African American students have been significantly over–represented in
special education, particularly in the categories of emotional disturbance and mental retardation. In
Houston, Texas alone, African Americans made up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Special education can include a range of support services, depending on the special needs of the
student. Support services may involve physical assistance and therapy, counseling and
psychotherapy, modified learning environments and assistive learning devices, educational and
psychological assessments, and behavioral modification techniques.
Before 1975, children with disabilities were mostly denied an education solely on the basis of their
disability. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), along with some key
Supreme Court cases, mandated all school districts to educate students with disabilities. Today, we
know this law as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
In the 1998–99 school year, 1,111,650 African American children served in special education
programs across the United States. A National Academy of Sciences study of ethnic representation
in special education indicates that, in that year, across ethnics groups and disability categories, this
number placed African American children at the highest risk of receiving a disability label. This was
a risk index of 14.28% while Whites were at a risk of 12.10%. 13.10% for American
Indians/Alaskan Natives, 11.34% for Hispanics, and 5.31% for Asians. These figures illuminated a
pattern that was first pointed out by L. M. Dunn, who specialized in the department of special
education at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and further elaborated on by Mercer,

Leadership Theory And Organizational Culture
Abstract
The role of leadership has evolved over the years. Early leadership theories focused on the
characteristics of the leader and have shifted to focus on the leader's behavior, skills and style.
Emerging leadership theories continued to shift focus to team leadership and subordinate
motivation. Organizational culture is exists in all organizations and influences the work
environment. Researchers have studied leadership and organizational culture individually; however
there have been less focus on gaining an understanding of the relationship leadership and
organizational culture.
In this paper, I will explore various leadership theories and relationship with organization culture. I
will also reflect on the type of leadership style that promotes a positive organizational culture.
Introduction
Leaders set the tone for the organization while Organizational culture sets the values that influence
the work environment. There needs to be some clarity on whether leadership influences
organizational culture or does organizational culture influence leadership. In order to understand the
relationship between leadership and organizational culture, we must first define them.
Leadership defined
Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal. (Northouse, 2013). Leadership involves establishing clear visions, communicating
the vision to followers, and developing strategies to achieve those goals. Leaders are

Social Disorganization, Strain Theory And Culture Conflict...
In chapter 6 of our text, social structure theories are outlined and discussed. Three types of social
structures are addressed, they are, social disorganization, strain theory, and culture conflict theory.
All three theories were developed in the early 1900's and both strain theory and culture conflict
theory are still used to explain reasons why persons experience poverty, are uneducated, have lack
of job skills, and how individual's social economic status correlates with their reasoning behind their
decisions to commit crimes, and are they conscious or unconscious do to their status per say. Unlike
strain theory and cultural conflict theory, social disorganization theory is not utilized in today's
world to explain why people function ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study resulted in the theory that an environment, or in the studies case a neighborhood that had
no sense of ownership or community relationships results in disinterest of property, fear , further
resulting in minor property crimes, eventually snow balling into aggravated criminal crimes such as
rap because parking lights of an apartment parking lot have been shot out. The study did show
though that if community interest was implemented, neighborhoods would begin to have a sense of
ownership and will actually result in crime decreasing in such areas, but the unfortunate reality is
that such communities such as movement housing areas lack community interest and individuals
that reside in such areas do not feel that they have a sense of ownership because of the status of the
housing area, typically viewed by "outsiders" as poor and crime ridden.
The last social structure theory discussed in our text, is the culture conflict theory. Culture conflict
theory is when an individual beliefs his actions are justifiable but in all actuality they indeed are not.
It is how and if society accepts if an individual's behavior is appropriate, or legal. One example that
I think of is the selling of food stamps. I believe it is common knowledge that such is indeed illegal
and if a person is proven to be doing such a "benefit" could be withdrawn from them. But, if an
individual does such regularly and it has become a monthly habit per say to be able to provide for

The Strengths Of Social-Psychological Theory In Hispanic...
Social–Psychological Theory The feeling of belonging to or pertaining to an organization where
common goals are expressed and pursued through the joint efforts of the members of that
community defines social–psychological theory. In other words, community members convey
similar thoughts and emotions regarding the betterment of their community through the devotion of
fulfilling a goal. Additionally, this communal effort stirs a sense of togetherness, fitting in, of
making new friends, and of belonging to an organization that is providing a functioning
environment. Ultimately, social–psychological theory emphasizes on how members of a community
feel about their relationship with other community members. Social–psychological theory involves
different community roles in different cultures. For example, in a Hispanic culture the father of a
family is seen as the man of the house or head of household. Therefore, he has the ultimate say in
what takes place within his home or how things are done. So, the father makes the imperative
decisions that deal strictly with his family such as who is allowed to enter his home and at what time
they are given permission to do so. Additionally, the Hispanic culture is structured as such and will
continue with tradition until a break in the ritual changes. A strength pertaining to social–
psychological theory is the feeling of sharing an important identity to everyday life. Yet, a weakness
is how a certain culture behaves and may be

Gender Role Theory: The Culture Of Violence Theory
Culture of Violence Theory
The culture of violence theory is generally defined as a culture that promotes violence in its "direct
or structural form" (Galtung, 1990). In parts of society that promote it, it often shows up in
everything from its artistic expression to its (often biased) scientific experimentation (Galtung,
1990). The individuals who are immersed in such a culture, hence, are often convinced that the use
of violence is the answer to power and control.
Gender Role Theory Gender role is generally defined as the expected behaviors, actions and
emotional responses of males and females ("Gender–Gender Roles Stereotype", 2011). There are
three general forms for the gender role theory; evolutionary, gender schema, social role and object
relations. The first refers to genetics playing the role of differences in behavior for sexual and
reproductive purposes. Gender schema focuses on the cognitive patterns and socialization of ways in
thinking of gender roles starting with childhood conditioning ("Gender–Gender Roles Stereotype",
2011). Social role is the belief that males and females display different behaviors and take on gender
roles due to societal expectation rather than biologically–related reasons ("Social Role Theory",
2002–2017). Finally, object relations deals with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After all, nurture would be impossible if it weren't for nature's existence. Also, the individual's
physical anatomy is not always representative of the gender that the individual identifies with. Some
things, such as reproduction, are a biological necessity. The human race would probably not still be
around if it weren't for that major but simple fact. However, from there, relationships are all from
the nurturing and social aspects. Different cultures and traditions have different ways of relating to
gender roles. Some are more tolerant than others of deviation from gender

Development Theory And Jean Piaget's Culture Care Theory
There are a myriad of conceptions of what affects the development of human beings. From Jean
Piaget's cognitive developmental theory to the moral developmental theory by Lawrence Kohlberg,
the spectrum of what factors contributes to human development is vast. The multitude of
developmental theories helps provide answers to the many questions people have regarding what
makes them the way they are. Some theories share similar concepts while others vary in multiple
ways. In this time period, much more information is known so people are now able to make better
conclusions on what contributes to human development. Due to this, many theories made in the past
by scientists have been disregarded. Despite this, the theories are still taught to this day because they
give people insight to the thought patterns of back then. Although there are different approaches to
each theory, there is a common notion of the relation to human and development. It is that they all
are concerned about the human development and establishment. One thing all humans need is good
health; someone that contributes highly to one's health are nurses. Nurses take care of patients and
make sure that they are in good standing before they are permitted to leave their care. One theory
that was made by a former nurse, Madeleine Leininger, discusses the relation between the nurse and
patient care revolved around the notion of culture knowledge. She coined up the theory, Culture
Care Theory, during her nursing career

The Popular Culture And The Theory Of Pop Culture
I believe that the phenomenon of greeting banners by communities and families is a kind of pop
culture. Popular culture or pop culture is a kind of phenomena that becomes mainstreams in a
certain culture, in this case the culture of Balinese people. Balinese people take a new form of the
way they deliver their Hari raya greeting, that is through banner and it somehow become popular
and mainstreams. So what the importance of studying or doing research about pop culture is to find
out the underplaying assumption, the power behind the pop culture and the moral, attitude and
philosophical construct of the society that implement the pop culture. From it, we can get a better
understanding about how that certain society works and how their perception and behavior are
shaped by the pop culture. One of the theories of pop culture study is the theory of mass society. ...
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What people think about something and what are their attitude of a certain mater is an important
aspect of their life in approaching and solving problems. Basically, it is about how they face the
world and how their behavior can influence their own well being and the society. In a study about
innovation, Robert Sternberg state that creativity is, in large part, a decision that people make. He
studies the thinking processes that distinguish creative people and highlights attitudes that help
spark creativity and stimulate innovation. Understanding the creativity of people in a society in
expressing things and solving their problem may help researcher to assess and answer their inquiry
needs as well as promoting something that may improve their welfare. So as I state before,
understanding the phenomenon of greeting banner may help us to develop other similar strategies or
phenomenon for other good purposes, like for example, rising awareness of the more important

The Cultural Theory Of Masako Odawa's Culture
Masako Odawa was Harvard and Oxford educated, spoke five languages and held a position as a
career diplomat in Foreign Ministry with many possibilities for a bright future. However, at 29 she
gave all that up to marry Crown Prince Naruhito. Western observers criticized her decision, they
viewed her choice as an attack on her personal freedom since. However, to Japanese, Masako's
decision was a natural consequence of her role, as a daughter and as a member of the royal family.
Culture, thus, plays a crucial role in interpreting a situation. The values of a society influence the
creation of the self–concept and choice of the individual. Masako's choice aligned with the values of
her culture. Cultural differences are present when a choice is made and the interpretation of it.
However, to better understand this, this paper will explore the cultural differences found in self–
esteem and cognitive dissonance.
The self–esteem motive is people's need to see themselves as good, competent and descent. Self–
esteem is constructed by the individual, a person's self–concept develops in part by the thinking
styles and values of the culture they belong or identify with. While maintaining a positive self–
image is the basic tenant, having a high self of esteem has a myriad of benefits; it protects people
against thoughts of their mortality, let's them feel more optimistic towards the future, motivates
people to persevere in challenging situations, and allows them to set higher goals for

The Culture Of Poverty Theory
In an encounter with behavior or values regarding relationships and violence that conflict with their
own, people often depend on describing these instances inadequately by ignoring crucial factors.
Although, restricted explanations of violence and gendered relationships often promote fallacious
conjectures. These assertions offer an explanation for certain aspects of societal patterns, though
none of them should be applied when studying violence and relationships because they attempt to
determine an innate deficit within an individual despite the other components of the individual's life
that contributed to their lifestyle and indiscretions.
One of these explanations is biological essentialism, the ideology that human actions are dictated by
multiple physical characteristics. biological essentialism is an ineffective method to studying
sexuality and gendered relationships because it does not consider the social, familial, and politically
imposed regulations on the individual that have influenced their sexuality. Another restricted notion
is the culture of poverty theory, which relies on describing poverty as a tradition perpetuated within
families and communities. The culture of poverty theory fails to examine critical aspects such as
racism and prejudice while condemning an individual of a marginalized community for perpetuating
poverty. Lastly, is Psychotherapeutic literature, which attempts to explain the actions of an
individual by diagnosing them with a physical

Leininger 's Theory Of Culture Care Diversity
Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality in Modern Society
Amy Raddatz
Denver School of Nursing
Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality in Modern Society The premise of
Madeleine Leininger 's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality is that one must regard
his or her patient both holistically and with respect to the patient's given cultural background.
Leininger aims to establish a nurse–patient relationship in which communication and collaboration
are culturally congruent. Via such interactions, a nurse can hypothetically deliver individualized,
culturally competent care. However, while Leininger's theory has many benefits and clear
applicability in a multicultural society, its execution may fall short due to the predominating social
norms and values held by larger society.
. The Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality is founded on the principle the compassion
is the crux of nursing (Black, 2014, p.277). In order to provide care effectively, one must
demonstrate empathy toward his or her patient. Additionally, Leininger's theory calls for
transcultural nursing, which is centered on culture as the basis for care delivery; essentially, it is the
provision of culturally competent care (Narayanasamy, 1999). To allow the nurse to assess a patient
culturally, Leininger devised the sunrise model, which encompasses multiple traits specific to an
individual's cultural background. The sunrise model addresses the

Oberg Theory Of Culture Shock
Culture shock is a phenomenon that is defined as "anxiety that results from losing all our
familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse" since behavior, customs, norms and standards
are not universal across all cultures (Oberg, p. 177). Globalization, social media and
technological progress are influences that have shaped the concept of culture shock as we
understand it today, and connect countries and its citizens with each other in ways that would
have been unimaginable a half century ago. Through wars, trade, immigration and
industrialization many borders have faded and nowadays it is even possible to encounter micro
cultures within one's own community that appear to represent enough criteria to induce a culture
shock without having to particularly travel abroad. The research process revealed that the theory
had been studied by numerous scientists over the past 60 plus years, who added on and devised
the hypothesis that continues to be very much present, since it is evident that Oberg's original
work was in need of adjustments, while the fundamentals can still be applied to and observed
in the experiences individuals have while exposed to other cultures in this day and age.
Although Oberg was not the first to use the term culture shock and additionally further
developed an already existing ideation from the sociologist Sverre Lysgaard into his principle,
Oberg introduced an expanded version of the Four Stage Model in 1960 which

Social Constructionist Theory And Mexican Culture
Culture exists in every society. Culture can be defined as "the values, beliefs, attitudes, languages,
symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a particular group of people and passed from one
generation to the next." Cultures take a long time to develop. There are many things that establish
identity give meaning to life, define what one becomes, and how one should behave.
Cross Cultural Issue
There are different nationalities in America as well as many people from different culture that speak
different languages. For example, when families have come from Mexico, language is an instant
challenge for them. Although learning a new language is difficult, it can be done. When that
happens, even more doors or possibilities are opened. Even though language can be an issue, the
values and benefits of such Mexican families are what help individuals to succeed in learning the
language. In America today not being able to speak the English language may be hard for many
Mexicans. Some may not be citizens of the United States of America, and may be afraid to go
outside of their home, due to immigration laws. This is hard for them because they might feel unsafe
in the place they came to fulfill the American dream and achieve a better life for their families.
Social Constructionist Theory and Mexican Language
Using the Social Constructionist Theory can portray this culture. According to According to Watson
(2004), "learning a language provides the researcher with a better

Cosmetics' Advertising: Take a Contemporary Cultural...
Q: Take a contemporary cultural phenomenon and discuss in relation to Adorno and Horkheimer's
theories on mass culture and entertainment.
INTRODUCTION
In today's fast–paced world, the society is in a constant state of flux, with personal and interpersonal
contact being extruded in favour of mediated forms of communication. The mass media are
fundamental for dissemination of both mass and popular culture, which, in the simplest terms, refers
to the artifacts, entertainment, beliefs and values shared by the large social groups.
There are many theories and opinions on mass culture and its effect on the society, however, one of
the most powerful theories has been developed by members of the 'Frankfurt School'. The key
members, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stereotyped cliché "sex sells" and the portrayal women as the sex figure have made women's
desires and needs subject to the visual appearance. According to Adorno and Horkheimer (1979) the
society is constantly exposed to the glamour and spectacle into such extend that it fails to recognise
the cheap values and erroneous priorities hidden underneath. Instead, it buys into glorified
commodities, which may appear to be different, but in reality are just variations of the same theme
distributed by mass production. As Adorno and Horkheimer (1979, p.156) put it "The idolization of
the cheap involves making the average the heroic".
For example, during the Second World War, the American government had to invalidate a decision
to remove lipstick from its list of essential commodities in order to prevent a rebellion by female
war workers. The beauty business – the selling of "hope in a jar", as Charles Revson, the creator of
Revlon, one time referred to it – is as permanent as its effects are ephemeral (www.economist.com
2003).
MEN STEREOTYPES
Male stereotype in advertising is somehow less definable than the female one. However, the 21st
century is less forgiving to the male population than the earlier decades and tends to depict men in a
virile and muscular way, with focus on image of power and masculinity as well as portraying them
as a "sex object" so men now experience what women have had for years.
The vast majority of the current cosmetics' ads

The Salad Bowl Theory: The Separation Of American Culture
The Salad Bowl Theory claims that immigrants remain with their own separate cultures and don't
mix with others. Each culture can be easily seen in American Society since they don't "melt" like the
Melting Pot theory. "It is this theory that also accounts for the retention of the "something
American" hyphenation when identifying cultural identity." (DeLorenzo) The different cultures were
separate and only together by laws and the government. This could be considered xenophobic since
other immigants didn't want to incorporate several cultures. Everyone that has come to America has
a common ideal of chasing the "American Dream" which was one of the only things they had in
common. Some of the only things uniting immigrants were the English language, the Constitution,
media, and laws. Today, immigrants are forced to dislike other cultures outside their own. According
to Bruce Thornton: The essence of being and American has been ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Thornton)
The Salad Bowl theory is a more negative way of looking at American culture due to the separation
of cultures.
American culture is also made up of the many stereotypes viewed by other countries of our
mannerisms, media, food, and greetings. Other countries around the world have preconceived
notions of America from what they hear and see through television, movies, and music. Many
stereotypes about Americans can be generalized to all. Some stereotypes about Americans in public
settings are that Americans are informal and loud especially at sporting events. Also, they are rude in
public by yawning, belching, and putting their feet on desks. An overall stereotype is that Americans
do what they please and don't care what others think. Along with that, other cultures believe
Americans are "ignorant of other countries and cultures."

Patti Labelle Pie
Describe: This artifact is a video on Youtube and it is three minutes and fourteen seconds long. The
video is titled "My Review On Patti LaBelle sweet potato pie review." Visually, it is a video with an
African American male and he is talking and even singing throughout the video. There is only one
person in the video and he is recording in what looks to be his house. The focus of this video is on
this man giving a review of a Patti LaBelle pie. The pie would be considered a visual used in the
video. The video is in full color and the man is wearing a black shirt which is not distracting from
his message, however his orange and purple rhinestone hat was a bit distracting. He is also eating
the pie with his bare hands. There are no quotes or animation, just simply a man in his house talking
about his pie. Analyze: The video fits together because there is nothing distracting happening. The
framing flows and the content is clear. The pace and tone of the man in the movie changes as the
video progresses; His tone is slightly flamboyant and excitable. He has high energy with his words
and is clearing projecting his voice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The meaning of this video is to express how much he really enjoys the pie and he expresses that
through his enthusiasm throughout the video. He also says to "support black business," but that is a
small message in the video, not the purpose of it. There is a call to action at the end of the video so
the audience knows the purpose is to "go to Walmart and purchase this Patti LaBelle pie." It
probably was not his intent to make Patti's pies so popular but his comical review of the pie
persuaded his audience to try this pie. He is really trying to let his audience know that this pie tastes
amazing, so good he had to sing about

Theories Of Culture As A Worldview
Sociologists have theorized culture and its role in the society in various ways. Some conceive
culture as a worldview, where culture structurally orients individual actions and the ways in which
they make sense of the social worlds. Others have theorized culture based on language and how it
contributes to cultural processes of giving meanings to arbitrary signs to allow individuals to make
sense of the world they live it. Still others approach culture as a practical toolkit, a cache of ideas, or
repertoire, from which individuals draw in their day to day life. Several other conceptions of culture
(i.e., culture as values, symbolic boundaries, or capital) are also available. This paper aims to
investigate the three main conceptions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sewell concludes that structures contribute to production and reproduction of themselves, allowing
cultural and structural changes to occur. Similarly, other scholars of culture use the concept of
frame–how people act depends on how they cognitively perceive themselves, the world, or their
surrounding–to capture how culture as a worldview allows individuals to make sense of how their
social worlds operate. While schemas refer to already established set of rules and procedures that
individuals could enact based on available resources, frames could be understood as a lens through
which individuals observe and understand social life. Snow and Benford (1988) argue that the
framing of a social movement organization (SMO) assigns meaning and help interpreting relevant
events and conditions in order to garner support from the dominant group. They present several
factors that allow SMOs to frame issues: 1) framing occurs from diagnosis/prognosis of a problem
and rationale for engaging in corrective actions; 2) the framing of ideational elements must fit into
the belief system; 3) the frames have to be empirically credible, experientially commensurable, and
finally, fit within the existing cultural narratives. Thus, frames–like schemas–allow individuals and
collectives to participate in meaning–making processes as

The Culture Epoch Theory In The Middle Age
The Culture Epoch Theory is the theory where all societies go through a period of chaos,
adjustment, and then balance throughout time. The Middle Ages is a perfect example for the Culture
Epoch Theory because of the time period the Middles Ages cover 400–1400 CE. Throughout this
time period Christianity rose into popularity and the Roman Empire disappeared. The Culture Epoch
Theory can be represented through the fall of Rome, the Romanesque period, and the Gothic Period.
Chaos ensued when Rome fell in 400 CE. The chaos in the Fall of Rome empire ended around 800
CE. Augustine was a writer and a teacher who wrote the work City of God, it was written from 413
to 425 CE. The book was a reinterpretation of theological viewpoints. It asked the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Gothic period is mostly referred to as the Middle Ages. It also represents a period of Balance
for the Culture Epoch Theory. This is because everyone in this period settles into modern beliefs for
each other, or a relative reality. However, the Black Death enters the scene around 1348 causing in
interruption of the balance and entering a period of chaos again. A report done about the cause of the
plague was conducted in 1348. The masters of medicine at the time concluded that the pestilence
was caused from the conjunctions of the planets in Aquarius. They believed the planets had great
power over them, such as Jupiter drawing up evil vapors and Mars igniting the vapors creating
noxious vapors in the air. The winds then took the vapors all across Europe and no one could escape
them because everyone needed to breathe. They also declared that those with evil humors living in
them, or a bad lifestyle, would succumb more quickly rather than the ones who had a suitable
regimen in their life (University of Paris Medical Faculty). Stained glass windows were a major
component of the Gothic period. Most of these stained glass windows represented the affirmed faith
that everyone had in God. The Tree of Jesse is a stained glass window in the Chartres Cathedral
created between 1150–1170. The stained glass shows Jesse, who was an ancestor of the Virgin Mary,
with a tree growing out of him spreading into the four kinds of Judea. It then goes to Mary and Jesus
is above her being encircled with seven doves that represent the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. These
Jesse trees were a common motif in manuscripts, sculptures, and stained glass back in the 12th and
13th centuries. They represented the lineage of Christ (Kendall 406). The Summa Theologica is an
example of God mixed with writing. This was a summa, which was a summary of all that was
known on a traditional subject and only high

Influence of National Cultures on Personality in the Light...
Oskar and Jack Yufe, born in 1934 in Trinidad and parted at six months old, were raised in different
countries and cultures by their separated parents. Their father was Jewish, their mother German
Catholic. Jack, a white Jew, was brought up by his father among blacks in Trinidad and later became
an officer in the Israeli Navy. Oskar was raised Catholic by his mother and grandmother in
Switzerland, heavily influenced by the Nazi regime. Meeting for the first time at twenty–one, they
found each other's political and religious views intolerable. Brought back together again in 1970s by
Professor Bouchard of the University of Minnesota, the two are still struggling with the ideological
and ethnic circumstances that have defined their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, they correlate with low power distance. Openness to experience was correlated with
high masculinity and low power distance. In cultures of high masculinity, people tend to overrate
their own performance, and low power distance stimulates independent exploration. Agreeableness
correlates with low uncertainty avoidance, so in cultures with higher tolerance, people score
themselves as more agreeable.
Everyone has her or his unique personality, history, and interest. Yet all people share a common
human nature, which is intensely social: we are group animals. We use language and empathy, and
practice collaboration and intergroup competition. But the unwritten rules of how we do these things
differ from one human group to another. "Culture" is how we call these unwritten rules, moral
standards about how to be a good member of the group, defining the group as a "moral circle". This
applies to groups based on national, religious, or ethnic boundaries, but also on occupation or
academic discipline, on club membership, adored idol, or dress style. To get things done, we still
need to cooperate with members of other groups carrying other cultures.
Behavioral gaming has proved to be of enormous value for learning interpersonal skills. It has also
been applied to intercultural contexts, using culture as a role profile in games that also have other
content matter. Such games can serve to experiment with

Comparison Of Leininger's Culture Care Diversity And...
As we progress through the different theories, it seems that the theorists are finding their way back
to the roots of nursing in different ways. During its origination, Nightingale, based the filed off the
notion of providing adequate care. This care focused on the patient, their immediate environment,
and community considering all aspects that can affect the patient's health. However, over time
nursing began to focus more on disease processes and appropriate treatments, slowly moving away
from its core. With a new push to direct nursing back to its origin, these new theories are allowing
nurses different routes to form a nurse–client interaction.
Currently I still believe my nursing practice more closely mirrors Neuman's system model. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I realize the importance for nurses and other healthcare professionals be educated on the different
global cultures, as America is a global melting pot. Smith and Parker (2015) state the culture care
theory "desires to discover unknown or little–known knowledge about cultures and their core
values, beliefs, and needs" (p. 304). Within this theory fifteen orientational definitions have been
defined. These definitions allow the nurse to break down the patient and nurse interaction regarding
each person's cultural differences, diversities, environment, worldview, and social structure.
However, a disconnect often occurs between the professional (etic) and generic (emic) care
definition. The professional care definition takes what we learned throughout our years of education
to improve a patient's health. The generic care definition uses the patient's indigenous, traditional,
and local folk knowledge to provide adequate assistance and support for healing. With the
appropriate combination of the orientational definitions, patient's will receive optimal

Cultural Theory And Popular Culture
After concluding my remaining readings of chapters 7 through 10 from Cultural Theory and Popular
Culture, I found my core understanding of the overall theoretical ideas posed by author, John Storey,
had become clearer in the rounding up of the semester. Within chapter 7 of the book, popular culture
is discussed in relation to issues connected to feminism, gender and sexuality. According to Storey,
"Popular culture has been the object a great deal of feminist analysis" (pg. 136), and, as previously
discussed in chapter 5, feminist psychoanalyst, Laura Mulvey shared her theory on the 'male gaze',
which has been acknowledged and studied by many critics and other feminists. Presented in cinema,
music, magazines, and other media outlets, it has been well documented how "popular culture plays
a role in patriarchal society and that theoretical analysis of this role warrants a major position in
ongoing discussions" (Storey, pg. 136), and, in many cases, "the male viewer's regard for the
publicized female body is often objectified and sexualized" (Inquiry 2). With my knowledge and
understanding of hip–hop, the misogyny and sexism that culture glorifies is very noticeable.
Misogyny has become a sign of authenticity for many rappers who exploit and sexually objectify
women in their rap lyrics and videos to assert and prove their own masculinity. Derogatory words
such as 'bitches' and 'hoes' in rap have become common references for women. I was mindful of
how one of my favourite songs,

Culture Care Theory And Application
Culture Care Theory and Application
Nursing theory is foundational to nursing practice; however, there exists a reciprocal relationship
between practice and theory. Through examining nursing theory, the nurse can make better–
informed decisions about the patient's care. In addition, the theory will influence the care for future
patients as well. One theorist that changed the landscape of nursing is Madeleine Leininger. Her
culture care theory changed the dialogue of healthcare regarding care. This paper will discuss the
importance of theory in nursing theory. Next, a summary of Leininger's theory will precede a
discussion about how the theory will be applied in a nursing context. Finally, the correlation
between Leininger's theory and the practice of a nurse practitioner will ensue. Her culture care
theory will inform the practice of a nurse practitioner and how culturally competent care will be
given.
Importance of Nursing Theory "Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the
phenomenon of nursing" (Colley, 2003, p. 33); therefore, nursing theory is the scaffolding on which
nurses stand to build and remodel nursing practice. This is a symbiotic relationship because nursing
theory builds the nursing practice and as practice expands the scaffolding must, in turn, grow as
well. As such, the investigation into practice and research keep informing the practice and
profession of nursing. Ultimately this leads to more effective patient care utilizing evidenced–based

Compare And Contrast The Culture Care Theory And The...
Culture Care Theory and the traditional nursing metaparadigm Care and culture are the key
constructs that make up the Culture Care Theory. This theory differed from other nurses' work or
mindset because nurse leaders relied heavily up on the four metaparadigm concepts of person,
environment, health, and nursing to explain nursing (McFarland and Wehbe–Alamah, 2015).
Leininger realized that those four metaparadigm concepts were to limited in its scope regarding
nursing and culture and care ideologies. Interestingly, care and culture were excluded from the
metaparadigm. "It is not logical to use nursing to explain nursing" (McFarland and Wehbe–Alamah,
2015). That is definitely a contradiction in terms and represents scholarly research ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Utilizing the culture care theory, nurses become knowledgeable of what constitutes health in
understanding the meanings and symbols of the ways of culture. Care, caring knowledge, and
actions are core components that will ensure the health or wellbeing of people in various cultures.
Kaakinen et al (2015) asserts that clients may not be prone to nurse's suggestions for health
promotion because of cultural conflicts with the client's belief and value systems.
Metaparadigm 4: Nursing
Nurses must consider the cultural health practices when assessing patients. The Culture Care Theory
is essential and must be incorporated into other nursing theories as understanding cultures and
cultural practices will enable nurses to think critically and function at full capacity when interacting
and creating treatment plans for patients in a diverse environment. Selection of Culture Care Theory
and the Master's Track The Culture Care Theory was selected because it is important for nurses to
embrace, understand, and have an open–mind when it comes to assessing patients, understanding
their cultural backgrounds, and creating treatment plans that will promote health amongst the
patients. Being biased, judgmental, and narrow–minded are not indicative of the Culture Care
Theory. Implementing the Culture Care Theory within the Master's

Stella Ting-Tommey's Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture
Stella Ting–Tommey's "Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture"
Introduction
This research report is based on the article "Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture" taken from
the book Communication, Culture, and Organizational Processes. In this article, Stella Ting–Toomey
talks about culture and conflict and its relation to low– and high–context cultures.
Summary
Ting–Toomey starts the article by addressing conflict. Conflict is part of human nature. It stems
from many things. An example of a possible conflict could stem from differences in culture. She
lists several other examples of possible conflict.
She breaks the article up into three sections to better understand the idea of conflict versus culture.
The first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ting–Toomey starts to incorporate examples of high–context societies and low–context societies to
her definitions of culture and conflict.
The second section of the article deals with conflicts in low– and high–context cultures. She defines
a low–context culture as groups of cultures that value words, or what is actually said (Ting–Toomey
76). A high–context culture is defined as groups of cultures that put the needs and goals of the group
first. This is more of a we–identity (Ting–Toomey 76). Examples of low–context cultures are
Germany, United States, and Switzerland. Some high–context cultures are the Chinese, the
Japanese, and the Vietnamese. There is more emphasis put on the relationship in a high–context
cultre, whereas words are more important in a low–context culture. Ting–Toomey explains one of
the conflict differences between the two. In a low–context culture, two people in a conflict can
argue, yell, and curse at each other while still remaining friends (Ting–Toomey 77). To call someone
out in a high–context culture is a severe insult. This causes both parties to "lose face" (Ting–Toomey
77). Another difference between the two cultures as noted by Ting–Toomey is the levels of
uncertainty in a conversation. There are high levels of uncertainty in a low–context society, while
there is low uncertainty in a high–context culture (Ting–Toomey 79). The high uncertainty level in
the low–context cultures is often

The Importance Of The Culture Care Theory In Nursing
Introduction When we think of Culture, we think of many different aspects within a community
such as music, language, economy, fashion, religion and art. Culture can be defined as "a unique
meaning and information system, shared by a group and transmitted across generations, that allows
the group to meet basic needs of survival, to transmit successful social behaviors, to pursue
happiness and well–being, and to derive meaning from life" (Harkness and DeMarco, 2016, p.175)
As a healthcare professional it is so important to take culture into account to promote the well–being
of different communities. This is why nurses as well as many other individuals in the healthcare
field should strive for cultural competence. Cultural competence is defined as "an openness to
others' ideas and ways of life; respect, curiosity, patience, and self–awareness of one's own culture
and culturally mediated ideas." (Harkness and DeMarco, 2016, p.174) Nurses must be able to show
their knowledge and sensitivity towards culture. Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger is a well
known nursing theorist who identified a lack of cultural and care knowledge as the missing
component to a nurse's understanding of the many variations required in patient care to support
compliance, healing and wellness. This lead Leininger to create the Culture Care Theory. This
theory is used to provide care measures that are in harmony with an individual or group's cultural
beliefs, practices and values. (Nursing Theory,

Theories For The Classification Of Culture Essay
Theories For The Classification Of Culture A culture is a sum of attitude, values, beliefs, and
customs that distinguishes a person or group of people from another. Culture is inherited from one
generation to another through languages, rituals, religion, art and many other such things. In the
business world, the comparing, dealing or interacting of different people from different culture,
community or background is called cross culture management. It is an important function for
international firm, as the success of the business depends upon the way of dealing and interacting
with the employees from different culture or region. If an employee is appointed or transferred to
another country .i.e host country (HCNs), he will face problems like culture, language, attitude and
so on. So the employee must learn these things to be efficient. Such issues related to cross cultural
management is developing nowadays, as globalization and competition is increasing. Many
economist's did research to solve this problem and came out with different model's and theories.
Today, we are going to study two of such models/theories, which are Hofstede's model and Fons
Trompenaars cultural dimension. (http://www.investopedia.com/, 2014) Hofstede's Model Greet
Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist who did a comprehensive study of culture across modern
nations. His most popular book is Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (1991). He
conducted a pioneering studies of how values in

Four Key Theories Of Organisational Culture
Organisational culture is the shared values, beliefs, assumptions and morals which govern the
behaviour of people in an organisation. This paper is focused on providing insight on four key
theories of organisational culture and the analysis on the differences and similarities exists between
the theories. This paper also aims at elaborating the importance and usefulness of these theories for
individuals and line managers.
Organisation Culture
Organisational Culture refers to a system where the employees of an organisation share same
assumptions, values, beliefs and certain practices (Lee, et al., 2008).These shared values bears
important implications on the employees as they provide guidelines for dressing, individual attitude
and actions that are related to their job performances. Every organisation maintains and builds its
own culture in order to provide guidelines to its employees for their behaviour and for maintaining
and sustaining status quo (Milne, 2007).
Analysis of the Theories
Researchers have adopted various frameworks to define the organisational cultures. The models that
have been developed by some researchers to describe various indicators of organisational culture are
as follows. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As per O'Reilly, Chatman, and Caldwell's approach, through the tool the eight categories that are
organisational culture profile can be used to distinct the organisational culture. However, as per his
approach the employee's values are measure with that of the value of originations though using the
tools, which depicts that the culture of an individual also bears impact on the organisations (Lee, et
al., 2008). His approach is focused on defining the defining the culture through the work approach
that organisation undertakes in its daily internal

The Culture Diversity Theory For Nursing Essay
The Culture diversity theory
Providing culturally competent nursing care begins with having basic principle knowledge and
effective training us a nursing student. Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and
Universality defines nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession that focuses on patient
care, experiences and creative thinking relevant to nursing and health care system. As nurse student
in today's society you will come in contact with a lot of cultural differences, but having basic
knowledge of cultural diversity will be an advantage, and it's significant for a nurse to understand
the interaction of these cultural systems which enables nurses to become more effective in doing
nursing assessment and serving as client advocates. The focus of the theory is toward developing
new practices for nursing to meet diverse cultural needs and to provide culturally congruent nursing
care. The research will discuss and provide brief examples as a reference evidences of the theory
which focuses on obtaining in–depth knowledge of care and culture diversity.
Caring for diverse populations starts with culturally competent care. At the same time, the
interaction between the multicultural ethics and health care organizations can not only help to treat
patients effectively but also to protect or prevent the development of diseases within the community.
However, without understanding of cultural background, needs, norms and traditions of other
cultures,

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