Culture is defined as the total way of life shared by members of a community, including both nonmaterial aspects like language and values as well as material objects. There are two main categories of culture: nonmaterial culture such as language, values, and meanings, and material culture consisting of physical objects produced by a society. Common assumptions about culture are that it is a problem-solving mechanism, it is relative to each individual culture, and it is a social product learned and changed by people over time. Culture is transmitted through carriers such as language, values, and norms.

1. Culture Mr. A South High Room 252

2. Definition of Culture Culture is the total way of life shared by members of a community. It includes not only language, values, and symbolic meanings but also technology and material objects.

3. 2 Categories of Culture Nonmaterial culture; language, values, rules, knowledge, and shared meanings Material culture; physical objects that a society produces-tools, streets, sculptures, and toys, etc…

4. Common Assumptions Culture is problem solving Culture is relative Culture is a social product

5. Culture is problem solving People everywhere face common issues; -food -shelter -security -raise children to replace them and their way of life

6. Culture is relative methodological relativism : cultural practices can only be understood relative to the culture in which they exist (e.g., is Yanomamö endocannibalism nutritional or religious?). ethical relativism : there is no basis to judge whether a particular cultural practice is good or bad. That is, all cultures and cultural values are equally valid, of equal worth, and equal dignity - we should have tolerance and respect for any cultural practice. This is a non-scientific proposition because it cannot be evaluated scientifically.

7. Culture is relative Ethnocentrism

8. Culture is a social product People learn culture, and, as they use it they modify it and change it. Culture depends or relies on language. Culture is cumulative

9. Carriers of Culture Language Values Norms

10. Language Communicating with symbols. Language as embodiment of culture Language as symbol

11. Values Shared ideas about desirable goals

12. Norms Shared rules of conduct Folkways Mores Laws

13. Social Control Sanctions

14. Sanctions

15. Cultural Diversity Subculture Counterculture

16. Subculture

17. Counterculture

18. Deafness as Subculture

19. Assimilation or Multiculturism

20. Sources of Cultural Diversity and Change Environment Isolation Cultural Diffusion Technology Mass Media

21. Environment

22. Isolation

23. Cultural Diffusion

24. Technology

25. Mass Media