The document defines and provides examples of several types of maps and cities: 1) It discusses several types of map projections and their distortions, including the Mercator, Robinson, planar/azimuthal, and Goode/Homolosine projections. 2) It defines thematic maps like choropleth maps, which use shading to show variable quantities, and topographic maps, which use isolines to show elevation. 3) It describes different types of cities, including primate cities which dominate in size, edge cities located outside traditional urban areas, and global cities that are important points in the global economic system. It also defines conurbations, forward capitals, and entrepots.