CSS is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML and XML documents. It separates document content from document presentation, including elements like layout, colors, and fonts. There are three types of CSS: internal (within HTML tags), inline (within tags as attributes), and external (separate .css file linked via HTML). CSS has evolved through levels 1-3, with each level adding new capabilities while preserving backward compatibility. CSS provides flexibility, accessibility, and consistency while reducing bandwidth. Limitations include poor flexible layout controls and inability to explicitly declare new scopes.

3. Introduction
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the
presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a
mark-up language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML
and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document,
including plain XML, SVG and XUL.
 CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML
or a similar mark-up language) from document presentation, including elements such as the
layout, colours, and fonts.

4. Example of CSS

5. CSS types-:
 Internal
 Inline
 External

6. Internal Css
 It is used within a page & style
applied are consistent for single page,
they often used within head tags
 By default html displays Arial font.

7. Example of Internal CSS
<style type="text/css"> ------tag open
.notice-wrapper-WCI-call-for-
papers
{
border: 1px solid #bbb;
-----Arial Internal CSS code
background-color: #fcfcfc;
text-align: left;
font-size: .9em;
}
</style> -----------tag close

8. Inline CSS
Inline styles are written within the tags and they are used
in attributes
Example Given below-:
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_media_type" title="Internet
media type">
Internet media type
</a>

9. External CSS
 IT is applied to the whole website.
 In this case a notepad file created of extension .css
which has some website related info.
Then this Document is link in Html tags.

10. Example External CSS
load_002.css
<link rel="stylesheet" href="Cascading_Style_Sheets_files/load_002.css"
type="text/css" media="all">
Notepad
load_002.css
file
Linking file in a tag

11. Version of CSS
1)CSS 1
 The first CSS specification to become an official W3C
Recommendation is CSS level 1, published in December
1996. Among its capabilities are support for:
 Font properties such as typeface and emphasis
 Color of text, backgrounds, and other elements
 Text attributes such as spacing between words, letters, and
lines of text
 Alignment of text, images, tables and other elements
 Margin, border, padding, and positioning for most elements
 Unique identification and generic classification of groups of
attributes
 The W3C no longer maintains the CSS 1 Recommendation.

12. CSS 2
 CSS level 2 specification was developed by the
W3C and published as a Recommendation in
May 1998. A superset of CSS 1, CSS 2 includes a
number of new capabilities like absolute,
relative, and fixed positioning of elements and
z-index, the concept of media types, support for
aural style sheets and bidirectional text, and new
font properties such as shadows. The W3C no
longer maintains the CSS 2 recommendation

13. CSS 3
 Instead of defining all features in a single, large
specification like CSS 2, CSS 3 is divided into several
separate documents called "modules". Each module
adds new capability or extends features defined in
CSS 2, over preserving backward compatibility. Work
on CSS level 3 started around the time of publication
of the original CSS 2 recommendation. The earliest
CSS 3 drafts were published in June 19

14. Advantage
 Flexibility
 Accessibility
 Separation of content from presentation
 Site-wide consistency
 Bandwidth
 Page reformatting

15. Limitations
 Poor controls for flexible layouts
 Selectors are unable to ascend
 Vertical control limitations
 Absence of expressions
 Lack of column declaration
 Cannot explicitly declare new scope independently of
position