This document discusses strategies for managing groups and individuals in classroom settings. It begins by explaining that managing crowded classrooms includes establishing expectations and addressing student uncertainties. Several classroom arrangement styles are presented, including auditorium, face-to-face, off-set, seminar, and cluster styles. The document then discusses grouping students and types of groups like functional teams and problem-solving teams. Conflict resolution strategies for groups include negotiation, confrontation, and mediation. Working with individuals requires negotiation skills to develop support and prevent frustration. The principles of negotiation discussed are separating people from problems, focusing on common interests, generating shared options, and developing results based on criteria.

1. MANAGEMENT AND
WORKING WITH
GROUPS/INDIVIDUALS
Joeffrey M. Sacristan
BSED FL 4-1, PUP
Principles and Strategies of Teaching II

2. Importance of Managing crowded
classroom
 To optimize student learning and achievement
Managing the classroom includes the various
intricacies of student learning that take
account of expectations, interactions,
motivation, and behavior

3. Classrooms Can Be Crowded, Complex,
and Potentially Chaotic
Things happen quickly
Classrooms have
histories
Events are often
unpredictable
Classrooms are
multidimensional
Activities occur
simultaneously
There is little privacy
Photo © by Yaser Kherdaji

4. Getting Off to the Right Start
 Establish behavioral expectations
and address student uncertainties
 Ensure students experience
success
 Be available and visible
 Be in charge

5.  Auditorium style
 Face-to-face style
 Off-set style
 Seminar style
 Cluster style
Classroom Arrangement
Styles

6. An Example of an Effective Elementary
School Classroom Arrangement

7. An Example of an Effective Secondary
School Classroom Arrangement

8. Dealing with crowded classroom
problems
Dealing with
Aggression
Management
Strategies

9. Management Strategies
• Use nonverbal cues
• Keep activity moving
• Provide needed
instruction
• Move closer to
students
• Redirect the behavior
• Be direct and
assertive
• Give student a choice
• Withhold privileges
or desired activities
• Isolate or remove
students
• Impose a penalty or
detention
Minor
Interventions
Moderate
Interventions

10. Dealing with Aggression
Fighting: Emphasize
inappropriateness, perspective-
taking, and cooperation.
Bullying: Develop a school climate
characterized by high standards,
parent involvement, and effective
discipline.
Defiance: Diffuse privately and
avoid power struggles.

11. Working with Groups and individuals

12. Grouping.
…we mean dividing the class into smaller work
groups for the purpose of learning in
classroom. (Liwayway Cruz, 2008)
Working with Group

13. Working with Group
Types of trusts (Lindskold,
1978)
a. Objective credibility
b. Attribution of benevolence
c. Nonmanipulative trust
d. High cost of lying
Trust. What is Trust?

14.  Functional teams
 Cross-functional
teams
 Problem-solving
teams
Types of Teams
Photo ©www.qsfh.co.uk

15. Addressing Direct
and Indirect Conflicts (Pasumbal, 2012)
 Negotiation
 Confrontation
 Gossiping
 Cracking of jokes
Direct Indirect
Photo ©maxilliant.org

16. Conflict resolution (Pasumbal, 2012)
 Bridging
 Taking sides
 Advisor’s mediation
 Silent war
Direct approach Indirect approach
Photo © estrategiagroup.com

17. Advantages and
Disadvantages of Group work ©Paul Heller (August 6, 2010)
Oglethorpe University
 Students learn quality skills and
insights from one another,
especially from the variation of
work experience and relevant
courses taken.
 Students learn effective project
team skills.
 Students achieve socialization
and professional networking.
 Stronger students help educate
the weaker students.
 Learning is inconsistent as stronger
students contribute the majority of
work and learn a great deal, but
weaker/unmotivated students
contribute little and learn little.
 Conflicts in compatible meeting
times outside of class resulting in
precious class time being consumed
for groups to meet.
Advantages of Group Work
(Disadvantages of not Using Individual
Work)
Disadvantages of Group Work
(Advantages of Using Individual
Work)
Illustration by: © Michael Scearce, IMGFX Design

18. WORKING WITH
INDIVIDUALS
Photo © www.walsallcollege.ac.uk

19. Negotiation is an important skill in developing support
for the project and preventing frustration among all parties
involved, which could delay or cause project failure.
When multiple people are involved in an endeavor,
differences in opinions and desired outcomes naturally occur.
Negotiation
NEGOTIATION

20. Four principles negotiations
(Verma, 1996)
 Separate people from the problem.
 Focus on common interests.
 Generate options that advance
shared interests.
 Develop results based on standard
criteria.
Photo © www.ceo.com

21. References
 Journals
 Pasumbal et. al. (2012) “Communication Dynamics Addressing
Conflicts Encountered by researchers working in group” Education
Review, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-25
 Calaguas, Glenn (2012) “Need to belong: Implications in the
Development” Education Review, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 104-118
 Cruz, Liwayway (2008) “Integrating Environmental Issues in the
classroom” Education Review, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 77-94
 Internet
 Amado, M., Ashton, K., Ashton, S., Bostwick, J., Clements, G., Drysdale, J.,
Francis, J., Harrison, B., Nan, V., Nisse, A., Randall, D., Rino, J., Robinson,
J., Snyder, A., Wiley, D., & Anonymous. (DATE). Project Management for
Instructional Designers. Retrieved from http://pm4id.org/. Licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution
 NonCommercial ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) license. Retrieved, December 9,
2015
 Heller, Paul. “The Unfortunate Motivation Behind Assigning Group
Work” Genesis Framework by StudioPress, 6 Aug. 2010. Web. 9 Dec.
2015.
 McGraw-Hill Education, Retrieved Dec. 8, 2015

22. THANK YOU!
"Surround yourself with the best people you
can find, delegate authority, and don't
interfere as long as the policy you've
decided upon is being carried out.“
— Ronald Reagan