Cross culture decision making
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The document discusses cross-cultural decision making. It notes that culture shapes values and behaviors, and differences can emerge when people from different cultures interact. Decision making processes also vary across cultures. There are two main types: programmed, which relies on precedent, and non-programmed, which analyzes current data. Western cultures typically use a six-step process involving defining problems, criteria, options, evaluation, selection and implementation. Key problems in cross-cultural decision making include reconciling conflicting demands and defining individuals' motivation levels.
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not expected?
A. China B. Czech Republic
C. Japan D. Denmark
The correct answer is D. Denmark
Which of the following is associated with dead and should
not be given as a gift in the Chinese culture?
A. Clocks B. Straw sandals
C. Handkerchief D. Crane
The answer is - All of the above!
Typical Dimensions of Culture
Tree Model of CULTURE
Surface Culture
Deep Culture
Language
Dress
Art & Music
Food
Gestures Formality
Gender Roles
Religion
Holidays
Personal Space
Communication & Learning Styles
Time
Methods of Decision Making
Relationships
Attitudes
Work Ethic
Negotiating Styles
Values
Cultural Differences
Some main indicators of cultural differences are:
•Behavioral patterns: appearance vs. reality
•Non-verbal behavior: Gestures, signs, mimics
•Distance behavior: personal space vs. closeness
Behavioral Pattern
•If we don’t know anything about other cultures, we
tend to use stereotypes as our knowledge base –
Is this a right approach?
•What are stereotypes?
•Negative labeling of a certain group or culture
based on the actions and/or appearances of a
few individuals.
Non-Verbal Behavior
• Understood as the process of communication through
sending and receiving wordless messages.
• Language is not the only source of communication;
there are other means, including:
• Gestures and touch
• Body language or posture, facial expression and eye contact
• Object communication such as clothing, hairstyles or even
architecture and symbols
• Problems and conflicts can occur when expressing
gestures or facial expressions in other cultures –
messages can often be misinterpreted.
Distance Behavior
• The right personal distance when conducting business
shows respect and acceptance.
• Too much distance gives the impression of dislike and
discomfort.
• Too little will make the person draw back.
Diversity & Inclusion
Diversity refers to differences (such as age, gender,
ethnicity physical appearance, thought styles, religion,
nationality, socio-economic status, belief systems etc.)
Inclusion refers to the creation of opportunities and the
elimination of barriers that allow all people to
participate in and contribute to ideation, planning,
projects, programs, processes, teams, organizations,
social activities, fun or any other opportunity that hel.
Communication
This document discusses organizational communication and culture. It provides definitions of interpersonal communication and culture. Culture is defined as a system of activities and discourses codified by a group over time. The document examines models of organizational culture, including Hofstede's 5 cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short term orientation. It also discusses the GLOBE model and its 9 cultural dimensions.
Strategic Decision Making Process
This document provides an overview of strategic decision making. It discusses rational models of decision making and their key criteria. It also examines limitations of rational decision making in practice, including individual limitations like bounded rationality and organizational limitations like existing decision processes. Additionally, it outlines a process for strategic risk assessment and considers competitive reactions. A practical model for effective strategic decision making is proposed, and the document concludes by noting decision making often varies in practice.
UNDERSTANDING DIVERSITY FOUNDATION ON SPECIAL EDUCATION.pptx
This document discusses diversity and understanding it. It defines diversity as the ways people are alike and different, including along dimensions like race, gender, orientation, beliefs and more. It says diversity is explored in a safe, positive way and is about understanding and celebrating differences. It then describes the Diversity Wheel model which shows the complexity of diversity filters through which people process information. It outlines the four layers model of diversity including personality, internal dimensions like physical traits, external dimensions like career, and organizational dimensions like workplace culture. The model aims to help understand how diversity impacts individuals and organizations.
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This document discusses diversity and understanding it. It defines diversity as the ways people are alike and different, including along dimensions like race, gender, orientation, beliefs and more. It says diversity is explored in a safe, positive way and is about understanding and celebrating each other's differences. It then describes the Diversity Wheel model which shows the complexity of diversity and how it impacts assumptions and behaviors. The rest describes the 4 Layers Model of diversity - personality, internal dimensions, external dimensions, and organizational dimensions - and how they shape and impact individuals and organizations.
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This presentation includes information from Pew, Gallup, and others on some of the characteristics of generations.
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Communication Challenges in a Diverse, Global Marketplace.pdf
This document provides an overview of communication challenges in a diverse, global marketplace. It discusses both the opportunities and challenges of intercultural communication, including how culture influences business communication. Key dimensions of cultural diversity that influence communication are identified as contextual differences, legal and ethical differences, social norms, nonverbal communication, age differences, gender differences, religious differences, and ability differences. Specific guidelines are provided for developing cultural competency and adapting communication to different cultures.
Decision Making
This presentation includes the various aspects of decision making , a short view of rational model of decision making and bounded rationality model by Herbert Simon.
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Marketing Management
Introduction of market, definitions, features and types of market.Introduction of marketing, definitions and importance of marketing.
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Marketing involves understanding consumer wants, developing products to meet those wants, and determining how to price, promote, and distribute products. The focus is on consumers. Selling involves managing salesforce activities like recruitment, training, and compensation to convert products into cash. The focus is on products. The key difference is that marketing is consumer-oriented and focuses on satisfying consumer needs, while selling is product-oriented and focuses on profit through increasing sales volumes.
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Issuing stock is one way for corporations to raise money by selling ownership stakes to investors. To decide whether to issue stock, a company must determine how much capital is needed and the number of shares to issue at a set value per share. While issuing stock dilutes the founder's ownership stake, it provides cash that does not need to be repaid and makes the company appear less risky to investors than taking on debt. The company must comply with securities laws and draft legal documents like stock subscription agreements to properly issue shares.
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Performance Management
Performance management is defined as an ongoing process of communication between supervisors and employees to accomplish organizational objectives. It aims to improve performance through setting expectations, providing feedback, and reviewing results. The key aspects of performance management include defining performance standards, conducting appraisals, measuring performance, and providing feedback and coaching. It differs from performance appraisal systems in focusing on continuous improvement rather than annual ratings and involving respective departments rather than just HR.
Performance appraisal
Performance appraisal was first adopted during World War 1 by the U.S. Army to evaluate military personnel. In the 1920s-1930s, hourly industrial workers began being evaluated based on rating scores in what was called merit rating. By the early 1950s, performance appraisal techniques were also being used to evaluate technical, professional, and managerial employees. Performance appraisal is defined as the systematic and periodic assessment of an employee's job performance and potential. It provides feedback to employees, data for personnel decisions, and identifies training needs to help employees improve.
Career planning
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Training
The document discusses training and development in organizations. It states that human resource development, including employee training and executive development, is important for enterprises and nations. Every company should have a systematic training program to develop employees' skills and keep them updated on new technologies. Training is valuable both for organizations to improve productivity, and for employees to gain new skills and opportunities for career advancement or job security. The document also differentiates between training, which imparts specific skills for current jobs, and development, which supports overall career growth. It provides examples of different types of training conducted in organizations.
JOB DESIGN
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Placement
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most controversial print advertisements
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Cross culture decision making
- 1. Meaning of cross-cultural The meaning of cross-cultural lies in the impact that culture has on an individual and his community, and the effects of this impact when different cultures are combined. The culture in which a person is raised plays a significant role in shaping his values, morals, behaviors and attitudes. These characteristics impact how a person thinks, and what his overall mind-set is toward the world around him. When a person is met with the principles and ideals of a different culture, a cross-cultural interaction takes place.
- 2. Cultural differences Cultural differences can become most apparent when people from different cultures interact socially or in circumstances involving business. Personal space, demeanor, time, forms of address and gestures are possible areas where cross-cultural differences can come into play. For example, norms surrounding personal space can vary from culture to culture. Personal space has to do with the acceptable distance that exists between one person and another during conversational exchanges. While an American may have a one- to two-foot comfort zone, someone of a different culture may consider six inches to be an acceptable personal area
- 3. CROSS CULTURE DECISION MAKING Every aspect of management comes along with some form of decision making. When it comes to cross- cultural decision making, a lot of difficult obstacles must be addressed. A decision in one culture is often ineffective in another.
- 4. Two types of decision making processes Programmed Non programmed process.
- 5. Programmed The programmed decision making process is the most commonly used style. This entails making decisions based on precedent, custom, policies and procedures, and training and development. This style reduces risk and stress for decision makers because a basis for a decision can be pretested for efficiency. A disadvantage is that when an organization's environment changes, the programmed bases for decision making become obsolete.
- 6. Non programmed process. With non programmed decision making, this entails analyzing current data and information, obtained through a systematic investigation of the current environment, for the purpose of identifying and solving a problem.
- 7. Steps of decsion making in wetern culture (1) Through investigation, define the problem. (2) Identify a minimum criteria on which to base the decision. (3) Identify multiple viable choices. (4) Quantitatively evaluate each viable choice on the basis of each criterion. (5) Select the optimum choice. (6) Implement the choice.
- 8. problems One of the problems is reconciling the conflicting demands of a situation. Another problem is defining the level of all individuals' motivation.