The document discusses cross-cultural decision making. It notes that culture shapes values and behaviors, and differences can emerge when people from different cultures interact. Decision making processes also vary across cultures. There are two main types: programmed, which relies on precedent, and non-programmed, which analyzes current data. Western cultures typically use a six-step process involving defining problems, criteria, options, evaluation, selection and implementation. Key problems in cross-cultural decision making include reconciling conflicting demands and defining individuals' motivation levels.

1. Meaning of cross-cultural
The meaning of cross-cultural lies in the
impact that culture has on an individual and
his community, and the effects of this impact
when different cultures are combined. The
culture in which a person is raised plays a
significant role in shaping his values, morals,
behaviors and attitudes. These characteristics
impact how a person thinks, and what his
overall mind-set is toward the world around
him. When a person is met with the
principles and ideals of a different culture, a
cross-cultural interaction takes place.

2. Cultural differences
Cultural differences can become most apparent
when people from different cultures interact socially
or in circumstances involving business. Personal
space, demeanor, time, forms of address and
gestures are possible areas where cross-cultural
differences can come into play. For example, norms
surrounding personal space can vary from culture to
culture. Personal space has to do with the acceptable
distance that exists between one person and another
during conversational exchanges. While an
American may have a one- to two-foot comfort
zone, someone of a different culture may consider
six inches to be an acceptable personal area

3. CROSS CULTURE DECISION
MAKING
Every aspect of management comes along with some
form of decision making. When it comes to cross-
cultural decision making, a lot of difficult obstacles
must be addressed. A decision in one culture is often
ineffective in another.

4. Two types of decision making
processes
 Programmed
 Non programmed process.

5. Programmed
The programmed decision making process is
the most commonly used style. This entails
making decisions based on precedent,
custom, policies and procedures, and training
and development. This style reduces risk and
stress for decision makers because a basis for
a decision can be pretested for efficiency. A
disadvantage is that when an organization's
environment changes, the programmed bases
for decision making become obsolete.

6. Non programmed process.
With non programmed decision making,
this entails analyzing current data and
information, obtained through a
systematic investigation of the current
environment, for the purpose of
identifying and solving a problem.

7. Steps of decsion making in wetern
culture
(1) Through investigation, define the problem.
(2) Identify a minimum criteria on which to base the decision.
(3) Identify multiple viable choices.
(4) Quantitatively evaluate each viable choice on the basis of each
criterion.
(5) Select the optimum choice.
(6) Implement the choice.

8. problems
 One of the problems is reconciling the
conflicting demands of a situation.
 Another problem is defining the level of
all individuals' motivation.