Critical Infrastructure and Security
•
2 likes•716 views
The document discusses security issues related to critical infrastructure and industrial control systems. It notes that attacks on critical infrastructure in the US have increased 17 times in the last 3 years, costing $113 billion. It then lists the various sectors that make up critical infrastructure and provides an overview of common industrial control systems like SCADA, PLCs, and protocols. The document outlines security risks to these systems and recommends security best practices like authentication, encryption, and auditing. It also lists some common tools used to analyze industrial control system security.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Critical Infrastructure Security Talk At Null Bangalore 13 Feb 2010 Sundar N
Critical Infrastructure Security Talk At Null Bangalore 13 Feb 2010 Sundar Nnull The Open Security Community
This document discusses security issues with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. SCADA systems are used to control critical infrastructure like water treatment plants, oil and gas pipelines, electrical grids, and nuclear power plants. However, SCADA systems often have weak security protections due to using outdated protocols and hardware that cannot be easily upgraded. This makes SCADA networks vulnerable to attacks that could disrupt important systems and endanger public safety. The document outlines several past attacks on SCADA networks and control systems that demonstrate these risks. Improving SCADA security will require collaboration between different fields like control systems engineering and cybersecurity.Critical Infrastructure Security by Subodh Belgi
Industrial Automation & Control Systems are an integral part of various manufacturing & process industries as well as national critical infrastructure. Concerns regarding cyber-security of control systems are related to both the legacy nature of some of the systems as well as the growing trend to connect industrial control systems to corporate networks. These concerns have led to a number of identified vulnerabilities and have introduced new categories of threats that have not been seen before in the industrial control systems domain. Many of the legacy systems may not have appropriate security capabilities that can defend against modern day threats, and the requirements for availability and performance can preclude using contemporary cyber-security solutions. To address cyber-security issues for industrial control systems, a clear understanding of the security challenges and specific defensive countermeasures is required. The session will highlight some of the latest cyber security risks faced by industrial automation and control systems along with essential security controls & countermeasures.
SCADA Security in CDIC 2009
Cyber attacks on industrial control systems pose a serious threat. Several incidents around the world have shown that critical infrastructure systems controlling functions like power grids and water treatment have been hacked, in some cases shutting down safety monitoring systems. These control systems were not designed with security in mind and connecting them to corporate networks and the internet has increased vulnerabilities. Stronger security measures are needed to protect against growing cyber threats.
DTS Solution - SCADA Security Solutions
Industrial control systems like SCADA are critical to national infrastructure but pose security challenges. They control crucial systems like pipelines and electrical utilities. While initially proprietary, SCADA systems now use open standards and IT components, making them vulnerable to cyber attacks which could have catastrophic impacts. A defense-in-depth strategy is needed, combining network segmentation, firewalls, log collection, and host and network intrusion prevention/detection to secure these vital systems.
Cyber Security: Differences between Industrial Control Systems and ICT Approach
Cyber Security: Differences between Industrial Control Systems and ICT ApproachCommunity Protection Forum
This document discusses the differences between industrial control systems (ICS) and information technology (IT) in terms of cyber security. ICS are used in industrial production to control systems like SCADA and DCS, while IT refers to general business computing. Key differences are that ICS have stricter availability requirements, longer lifecycles, proprietary protocols and specialized software. The document also notes that modern ICS now leverage more off-the-shelf IT components and standards, making them more interconnected and vulnerable to cyber threats like hacking. Finally, it presents ABB's approach to ICS cyber security which includes assessment, first aid services, monitoring with Industrial Defender, and lifelong maintenance through assessment and training.Unified Security Governance
The document discusses setting up a unified security governance program including establishing a cross-functional team, defining scope and milestones, performing security analyses, designing and implementing processes, and establishing unified vulnerability and security operations centers. It provides examples of tasks for different roles on the project team and considerations for analyzing security, designing processes, and selecting a vulnerability management platform.
Cyber security of power grid
This document discusses cyber security concerns regarding smart grid technology integration. It outlines how increased data sharing and connectivity between new and legacy systems introduces new cyber vulnerabilities. It then summarizes existing cyber security standards from organizations like ISO, NERC, and IEC that can provide frameworks for addressing these vulnerabilities. Finally, it notes challenges integrating new technologies with legacy systems and the need for a strategic roadmap to help guide secure technology adoption.
SCADA Security Presentation
This document summarizes a lecture on cyber threats to critical infrastructures. It discusses past cyber incidents affecting systems like power grids and ports. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to monitor and control critical infrastructure systems, but rely on open network standards and protocols that can be vulnerable to attack. Emerging threats include the convergence of IT and operational systems, migration to open protocols and wireless technologies, and remote access capabilities. The document outlines various components of SCADA systems and potential motives for cyber attacks including sabotage, terrorism, and human error.
Recommended
Critical Infrastructure Security Talk At Null Bangalore 13 Feb 2010 Sundar N
Critical Infrastructure Security Talk At Null Bangalore 13 Feb 2010 Sundar Nnull The Open Security Community
This document discusses security issues with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. SCADA systems are used to control critical infrastructure like water treatment plants, oil and gas pipelines, electrical grids, and nuclear power plants. However, SCADA systems often have weak security protections due to using outdated protocols and hardware that cannot be easily upgraded. This makes SCADA networks vulnerable to attacks that could disrupt important systems and endanger public safety. The document outlines several past attacks on SCADA networks and control systems that demonstrate these risks. Improving SCADA security will require collaboration between different fields like control systems engineering and cybersecurity.Critical Infrastructure Security by Subodh Belgi
Industrial Automation & Control Systems are an integral part of various manufacturing & process industries as well as national critical infrastructure. Concerns regarding cyber-security of control systems are related to both the legacy nature of some of the systems as well as the growing trend to connect industrial control systems to corporate networks. These concerns have led to a number of identified vulnerabilities and have introduced new categories of threats that have not been seen before in the industrial control systems domain. Many of the legacy systems may not have appropriate security capabilities that can defend against modern day threats, and the requirements for availability and performance can preclude using contemporary cyber-security solutions. To address cyber-security issues for industrial control systems, a clear understanding of the security challenges and specific defensive countermeasures is required. The session will highlight some of the latest cyber security risks faced by industrial automation and control systems along with essential security controls & countermeasures.
SCADA Security in CDIC 2009
Cyber attacks on industrial control systems pose a serious threat. Several incidents around the world have shown that critical infrastructure systems controlling functions like power grids and water treatment have been hacked, in some cases shutting down safety monitoring systems. These control systems were not designed with security in mind and connecting them to corporate networks and the internet has increased vulnerabilities. Stronger security measures are needed to protect against growing cyber threats.
DTS Solution - SCADA Security Solutions
Industrial control systems like SCADA are critical to national infrastructure but pose security challenges. They control crucial systems like pipelines and electrical utilities. While initially proprietary, SCADA systems now use open standards and IT components, making them vulnerable to cyber attacks which could have catastrophic impacts. A defense-in-depth strategy is needed, combining network segmentation, firewalls, log collection, and host and network intrusion prevention/detection to secure these vital systems.
Cyber Security: Differences between Industrial Control Systems and ICT Approach
Cyber Security: Differences between Industrial Control Systems and ICT ApproachCommunity Protection Forum
This document discusses the differences between industrial control systems (ICS) and information technology (IT) in terms of cyber security. ICS are used in industrial production to control systems like SCADA and DCS, while IT refers to general business computing. Key differences are that ICS have stricter availability requirements, longer lifecycles, proprietary protocols and specialized software. The document also notes that modern ICS now leverage more off-the-shelf IT components and standards, making them more interconnected and vulnerable to cyber threats like hacking. Finally, it presents ABB's approach to ICS cyber security which includes assessment, first aid services, monitoring with Industrial Defender, and lifelong maintenance through assessment and training.Unified Security Governance
The document discusses setting up a unified security governance program including establishing a cross-functional team, defining scope and milestones, performing security analyses, designing and implementing processes, and establishing unified vulnerability and security operations centers. It provides examples of tasks for different roles on the project team and considerations for analyzing security, designing processes, and selecting a vulnerability management platform.
Cyber security of power grid
This document discusses cyber security concerns regarding smart grid technology integration. It outlines how increased data sharing and connectivity between new and legacy systems introduces new cyber vulnerabilities. It then summarizes existing cyber security standards from organizations like ISO, NERC, and IEC that can provide frameworks for addressing these vulnerabilities. Finally, it notes challenges integrating new technologies with legacy systems and the need for a strategic roadmap to help guide secure technology adoption.
SCADA Security Presentation
This document summarizes a lecture on cyber threats to critical infrastructures. It discusses past cyber incidents affecting systems like power grids and ports. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to monitor and control critical infrastructure systems, but rely on open network standards and protocols that can be vulnerable to attack. Emerging threats include the convergence of IT and operational systems, migration to open protocols and wireless technologies, and remote access capabilities. The document outlines various components of SCADA systems and potential motives for cyber attacks including sabotage, terrorism, and human error.
Nist 800 82 ICS Security Auditing Framework
This document discusses an investor opportunity involving auditing industrial control systems (ICS) for security compliance based on the NIST SP 800-82 framework. It highlights the standard's 16 sections for assessing ICS security and provides brief explanations of requirements under sections like planning/policy/procedures, administrative controls, access control, and network architecture. The document promotes CyberDNA as a trusted partner that can help organizations meet the various technical and policy requirements for securely auditing and protecting their ICS environments.
Network Reliability Monitoring for ICS: Going Beyond NSM and SIEM
This document discusses network reliability monitoring as a complement to network security monitoring (NSM) and security information and event management (SIEM) for industrial control systems. It notes that while NSM works well for monitoring traffic crossing between zones in ICS networks, it is less effective in lower level zones where most traffic remains internal. Network reliability monitoring provides an alternative by developing profiles of normal network traffic and scanning for deviations that could indicate issues. While complex algorithms are not needed, it requires strong protocol knowledge and root cause analysis can be difficult. Examples are given showing network reliability metrics and how man-in-the-middle attacks did not significantly impact traffic.
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing in online SCADA ICS Environm...
This webinar will help you get more informed on PenTesting in SCADA and also best practices and methods used on risk assessment. Learning about the criticality in industry, makes you more flexible to boost the skills.
Main points covered:
• The SCADA ICS function in critical infrastructure industry
• Risk exposure of IT vs. SCADA ICS from Cyber Security Perspective
• Do's and don’ts of Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing in SCADA ICS Environment
Presenter:
This webinar was presented by Pedro Putu Wirya, an IT and ICS Security Consultant with an extensive experience in ISMS, and PECB Certified Trainer.
Link of the recorded session published on YouTube: https://youtu.be/icq-RTwusZ8
Industrial Control System Security Overview
Industrial control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems face security threats due to outdated protocols with no encryption, long lifespans of 40 years without updates, and systems left unpatched due to maintainability concerns. The researcher worked on a European project with an Austrian electrical distributor to access a real-world testbed. Using custom plugins, they were able to launch a man-in-the-middle attack to hide an earth fault from operators by spoofing ARP packets and manipulating traffic. Signature-based detection is insufficient for ICS/SCADA systems, so anomaly detection using machine learning is being explored to identify suspicious traffic like malware or backdoors on the typically consistent and predictable ICS
ICS security
Industrial control systems (ICS) are used to control industrial processes and manufacturing equipment. They face unique security challenges compared to traditional IT systems due to their real-time operation and custom hardware and software. This document discusses several past ICS cyber attacks and identifies vulnerabilities in ICS security architecture, configuration management, patch management, and change testing. Proper ICS security requires a cross-functional team approach and careful management of the specialized ICS environment.
IT vs. OT: ICS Cyber Security in TSOs
The document discusses cyber security issues related to industrial control systems (ICS) and critical infrastructures. It notes the increasing interdependence between critical infrastructures and the potential for cyber threats to cause disruptions. The document outlines the heterogeneous nature of ICS/SCADA environments and some historical reasons they were considered secure. However, technological changes like increased connectivity now expose these systems to threats. The document advocates a "defense-in-depth" approach to secure ICS, including segregating networks, controlling remote access, and adopting security practices from frameworks. Failure to properly secure ICS could allow threats to cause availability issues, data loss or corruption, and operational disruptions impacting public safety.
CSIRS ICS BCS 2.2
This document summarizes a presentation on cyber security in real-time systems. It discusses threats to industrial control systems and SCADA systems, and the differences between traditional IT and industrial control system cultures. It provides examples of attacks on industrial control systems and poor monitoring of SCADA systems. It suggests that security operations centers may provide common ground between IT and ICS. Finally, it discusses recent media reports relating to hacking of rail signaling systems and aircraft systems.
Using Cyber-Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) to Optimize Control System Upgrade...
Presented @ Emerson Exchange
October 7, 2014
Industrial control systems (ICS) are large information technology (IT) systems. Office IT systems, failure of ICS can cause plant outages and even physical damage. Management of ICS needs to be different and smarter. IT vendors frequently recommend patches and configuration changes. Most have no impact to the ICS, which cannot implement changes in real time. ICS typically get one chance every few years to make changes - the turnaround. This paper describes optimization of ISC turnaround work, using cyber-vulnerability assessment to focus turnaround work to only what is necessary.
The journey to ICS - Extended
This presentation was given at BSides Las Vegas 2015.
The modern times that we live in, the gentle shift that we are making towards the Internet of Things (IoT) is slowly but surely getting a grip on our day to day lives. The same goes for securing our Industrial Control Systems (ICS). We see that the demand for ICS security is raising and governmental regulations are being established and implement. However, this also means that the need for ICS security professionals is raising as well. More and more security professionals/firms are starting to perform security assessments such as penetration testing on an ICS level. Two years ago I got the question if I was up for the challenge, converting myself from a ‘normal’ security professional to a ICS specific security professional.
The purpose of this talk would be to provide a starting point for security professionals that want to make the shift towards ICS Security, just like I did two years ago. While the term starting point might be a bit misleading, the goal would be to provide an ICS 001 talk instead in contrast to an ICS 101 talk.
Ics presentation
Chad Hunter presented on industrial control systems (ICS) networks. He discussed common ICS components like PLCs, RTUs, and HMIs. Types of control systems include process control, DCS, and SCADA. ICS networks differ from IT networks in prioritizing availability over confidentiality and integrity. Major ICS threats discussed included Stuxnet, Havex, BlackEnergy, CRASHOVERRIDE, and TRITON. Securing ICS involves whitelisting, configuration management, reducing attack surface, network segmentation, authentication, and monitoring as outlined in the DHS Seven Steps framework.
Guide scada and_industrial_control_systems_security
This document provides guidance for securing industrial control systems such as SCADA and DCS. It identifies threats and vulnerabilities to these systems and recommends security countermeasures. ICSs often control critical infrastructure systems and face risks due to increased network connectivity and standardized protocols. The document outlines developing a security program including assessing risks, deploying controls, and network segmentation best practices to isolate control systems from other networks.
Cybersecurity in Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
Presented at ISACA's EuroCACS 2015 (Copenhaguen).
Understand the impact of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) on the security ecosystem.
Expand the knowledge on SCADA systems and how cyberattacks can have physical consequences, bridging the cyber and physical worlds.
CyberSecurity Best Practices for the IIoT
In today’s connected world, cyber security is a topic that nobody can afford to ignore. In recent years the number and frequency of attacks on industrial devices and other critical infrastructure has risen dramatically. Recent news stories about hackers shutting down critical infrastructure have left many companies wondering if they are vulnerable to similar attacks. In this webinar we will discuss the most common security threats and unique challenges in securing industrial networks. We will introduce the current standards and share some useful resources and best practices for addressing industrial cyber security.
Key Takeaways:
1. Gain perspective regarding common security threats facing industrial networks.
2. Learn about the relevant standards governing industrial cyber security.
3. Increase understanding of some best practices for securing industrial networks.
BSidesAugusta ICS SCADA Defense
Your SCADA system has a vulnerability, now what? I shortly summarize the DNP3 vulnerabilities (and other ICS protocols too). Then I focus on the different mitigations that an ICS owner can do to mitigate these types of protocol implementation vulnerabilities even if there is no patch or patches can't be installed. I also show the importance of doing Network Security Monitoring to help detect and respond to anomalies in ICS/SCADA networks.
Cyber & Process Attack Scenarios for ICS
Presented at the OPC Foundation's "The Information Revolution 2014" in Redmond, WA August 5-6, 2014
This presentation discusses the modes and methodologies an attacker may use against an industrial control system in order to create a complex process attack. The presentation then discusses some specific examples, both real and hypothetical. The presentation finishes with a description of some common ways in which an organization could defend itself against these types of attacks.
Securing SCADA
This document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) security challenges and strategies. It describes common SCADA system components and functionality. It then discusses increasing cyber threats to SCADA systems from sources like hostile governments and employees. The document outlines various physical and cyber vulnerabilities in SCADA systems and components. It recommends security standards from organizations like NIST, ISA, and NERC to help mitigate risks. The document also provides guidelines on physical asset security and cybersecurity strategies.
Cybersecurity for modern industrial systems
The document discusses cybersecurity for modern industrial systems. It outlines the history of control systems from early humans to modern technology. It notes current risks and threats that exploit weaknesses in these systems. The rapid growth of internet-connected devices poses challenges to ensuring stability. While virtually all cyber assets are vulnerable, cybersecurity expertise is in short supply. Achieving reliable safety requires standards, regulations, best practices, visibility of systems and sharing knowledge across industries and nations.
Scada security
SCADA systems control critical infrastructure but were historically isolated systems with obscurity for security. They are now increasingly connected to the internet and each other, exposing vulnerabilities like weak passwords and unencrypted data. This presents a serious challenge as SCADA systems have special requirements preventing standard security practices and are difficult to take offline. Government and industry are working to improve SCADA security through awareness, training, and regulation.
Secure Systems Security and ISA99- IEC62443
With the new Industrial Network standards like ISA-IEC62443 companies are evolving their IT and OT networks to face evolving threats. This presentation will cover industrial networking best practices, secure architectures and segregation techniques that can be used by all businesses to prevent a minor business network breach from becoming an industrial catastrophe.
Topics Covered in this Seminar Include:
Overview Of Cyber Threat
Introduction - ISA IEC Industrial Control Security Standards
An Example - Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 Network Separation - An APT countermeasure
The next step in APT defenses System Certification to ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards
ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards Current Efforts
The Future of ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards
Practical Approaches to Securely Integrating Business and Production
Presented @ 2016 ISA Process Control & Safety Symposium, November 10, 2016
The exchange of key information between business operations, suppliers, customers, production, and ultimately the production equipment itself can provide significant financial and productivity advantages. This presentation will discuss some practical approaches to utilizing the cyber security principles from ISA/IEC 62443 in order to integrate the business and production environments. It will also present some of the different solutions for meeting a variety of scenarios, such as data historians, patching/updating, and remote maintenance.
Introduction to National Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security: Background a...
Given at SOURCE Boston 2013, this presentation is one of the only places you will find the conceptual and policy underpinnings of U.S. national cyber security and critical infrastructure protection efforts and information about the recent White House Cyber Executive Order
LexisNexis File & Serve Available Courts
List of all courts using LexisNexis e-filing and/or e-service, last updated December 2008. Ping me for updated versions
More Related Content
What's hot
Nist 800 82 ICS Security Auditing Framework
This document discusses an investor opportunity involving auditing industrial control systems (ICS) for security compliance based on the NIST SP 800-82 framework. It highlights the standard's 16 sections for assessing ICS security and provides brief explanations of requirements under sections like planning/policy/procedures, administrative controls, access control, and network architecture. The document promotes CyberDNA as a trusted partner that can help organizations meet the various technical and policy requirements for securely auditing and protecting their ICS environments.
Network Reliability Monitoring for ICS: Going Beyond NSM and SIEM
This document discusses network reliability monitoring as a complement to network security monitoring (NSM) and security information and event management (SIEM) for industrial control systems. It notes that while NSM works well for monitoring traffic crossing between zones in ICS networks, it is less effective in lower level zones where most traffic remains internal. Network reliability monitoring provides an alternative by developing profiles of normal network traffic and scanning for deviations that could indicate issues. While complex algorithms are not needed, it requires strong protocol knowledge and root cause analysis can be difficult. Examples are given showing network reliability metrics and how man-in-the-middle attacks did not significantly impact traffic.
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing in online SCADA ICS Environm...
This webinar will help you get more informed on PenTesting in SCADA and also best practices and methods used on risk assessment. Learning about the criticality in industry, makes you more flexible to boost the skills.
Main points covered:
• The SCADA ICS function in critical infrastructure industry
• Risk exposure of IT vs. SCADA ICS from Cyber Security Perspective
• Do's and don’ts of Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing in SCADA ICS Environment
Presenter:
This webinar was presented by Pedro Putu Wirya, an IT and ICS Security Consultant with an extensive experience in ISMS, and PECB Certified Trainer.
Link of the recorded session published on YouTube: https://youtu.be/icq-RTwusZ8
Industrial Control System Security Overview
Industrial control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems face security threats due to outdated protocols with no encryption, long lifespans of 40 years without updates, and systems left unpatched due to maintainability concerns. The researcher worked on a European project with an Austrian electrical distributor to access a real-world testbed. Using custom plugins, they were able to launch a man-in-the-middle attack to hide an earth fault from operators by spoofing ARP packets and manipulating traffic. Signature-based detection is insufficient for ICS/SCADA systems, so anomaly detection using machine learning is being explored to identify suspicious traffic like malware or backdoors on the typically consistent and predictable ICS
ICS security
Industrial control systems (ICS) are used to control industrial processes and manufacturing equipment. They face unique security challenges compared to traditional IT systems due to their real-time operation and custom hardware and software. This document discusses several past ICS cyber attacks and identifies vulnerabilities in ICS security architecture, configuration management, patch management, and change testing. Proper ICS security requires a cross-functional team approach and careful management of the specialized ICS environment.
IT vs. OT: ICS Cyber Security in TSOs
The document discusses cyber security issues related to industrial control systems (ICS) and critical infrastructures. It notes the increasing interdependence between critical infrastructures and the potential for cyber threats to cause disruptions. The document outlines the heterogeneous nature of ICS/SCADA environments and some historical reasons they were considered secure. However, technological changes like increased connectivity now expose these systems to threats. The document advocates a "defense-in-depth" approach to secure ICS, including segregating networks, controlling remote access, and adopting security practices from frameworks. Failure to properly secure ICS could allow threats to cause availability issues, data loss or corruption, and operational disruptions impacting public safety.
CSIRS ICS BCS 2.2
This document summarizes a presentation on cyber security in real-time systems. It discusses threats to industrial control systems and SCADA systems, and the differences between traditional IT and industrial control system cultures. It provides examples of attacks on industrial control systems and poor monitoring of SCADA systems. It suggests that security operations centers may provide common ground between IT and ICS. Finally, it discusses recent media reports relating to hacking of rail signaling systems and aircraft systems.
Using Cyber-Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) to Optimize Control System Upgrade...
Presented @ Emerson Exchange
October 7, 2014
Industrial control systems (ICS) are large information technology (IT) systems. Office IT systems, failure of ICS can cause plant outages and even physical damage. Management of ICS needs to be different and smarter. IT vendors frequently recommend patches and configuration changes. Most have no impact to the ICS, which cannot implement changes in real time. ICS typically get one chance every few years to make changes - the turnaround. This paper describes optimization of ISC turnaround work, using cyber-vulnerability assessment to focus turnaround work to only what is necessary.
The journey to ICS - Extended
This presentation was given at BSides Las Vegas 2015.
The modern times that we live in, the gentle shift that we are making towards the Internet of Things (IoT) is slowly but surely getting a grip on our day to day lives. The same goes for securing our Industrial Control Systems (ICS). We see that the demand for ICS security is raising and governmental regulations are being established and implement. However, this also means that the need for ICS security professionals is raising as well. More and more security professionals/firms are starting to perform security assessments such as penetration testing on an ICS level. Two years ago I got the question if I was up for the challenge, converting myself from a ‘normal’ security professional to a ICS specific security professional.
The purpose of this talk would be to provide a starting point for security professionals that want to make the shift towards ICS Security, just like I did two years ago. While the term starting point might be a bit misleading, the goal would be to provide an ICS 001 talk instead in contrast to an ICS 101 talk.
Ics presentation
Chad Hunter presented on industrial control systems (ICS) networks. He discussed common ICS components like PLCs, RTUs, and HMIs. Types of control systems include process control, DCS, and SCADA. ICS networks differ from IT networks in prioritizing availability over confidentiality and integrity. Major ICS threats discussed included Stuxnet, Havex, BlackEnergy, CRASHOVERRIDE, and TRITON. Securing ICS involves whitelisting, configuration management, reducing attack surface, network segmentation, authentication, and monitoring as outlined in the DHS Seven Steps framework.
Guide scada and_industrial_control_systems_security
This document provides guidance for securing industrial control systems such as SCADA and DCS. It identifies threats and vulnerabilities to these systems and recommends security countermeasures. ICSs often control critical infrastructure systems and face risks due to increased network connectivity and standardized protocols. The document outlines developing a security program including assessing risks, deploying controls, and network segmentation best practices to isolate control systems from other networks.
Cybersecurity in Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
Presented at ISACA's EuroCACS 2015 (Copenhaguen).
Understand the impact of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) on the security ecosystem.
Expand the knowledge on SCADA systems and how cyberattacks can have physical consequences, bridging the cyber and physical worlds.
CyberSecurity Best Practices for the IIoT
In today’s connected world, cyber security is a topic that nobody can afford to ignore. In recent years the number and frequency of attacks on industrial devices and other critical infrastructure has risen dramatically. Recent news stories about hackers shutting down critical infrastructure have left many companies wondering if they are vulnerable to similar attacks. In this webinar we will discuss the most common security threats and unique challenges in securing industrial networks. We will introduce the current standards and share some useful resources and best practices for addressing industrial cyber security.
Key Takeaways:
1. Gain perspective regarding common security threats facing industrial networks.
2. Learn about the relevant standards governing industrial cyber security.
3. Increase understanding of some best practices for securing industrial networks.
BSidesAugusta ICS SCADA Defense
Your SCADA system has a vulnerability, now what? I shortly summarize the DNP3 vulnerabilities (and other ICS protocols too). Then I focus on the different mitigations that an ICS owner can do to mitigate these types of protocol implementation vulnerabilities even if there is no patch or patches can't be installed. I also show the importance of doing Network Security Monitoring to help detect and respond to anomalies in ICS/SCADA networks.
Cyber & Process Attack Scenarios for ICS
Presented at the OPC Foundation's "The Information Revolution 2014" in Redmond, WA August 5-6, 2014
This presentation discusses the modes and methodologies an attacker may use against an industrial control system in order to create a complex process attack. The presentation then discusses some specific examples, both real and hypothetical. The presentation finishes with a description of some common ways in which an organization could defend itself against these types of attacks.
Securing SCADA
This document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) security challenges and strategies. It describes common SCADA system components and functionality. It then discusses increasing cyber threats to SCADA systems from sources like hostile governments and employees. The document outlines various physical and cyber vulnerabilities in SCADA systems and components. It recommends security standards from organizations like NIST, ISA, and NERC to help mitigate risks. The document also provides guidelines on physical asset security and cybersecurity strategies.
Cybersecurity for modern industrial systems
The document discusses cybersecurity for modern industrial systems. It outlines the history of control systems from early humans to modern technology. It notes current risks and threats that exploit weaknesses in these systems. The rapid growth of internet-connected devices poses challenges to ensuring stability. While virtually all cyber assets are vulnerable, cybersecurity expertise is in short supply. Achieving reliable safety requires standards, regulations, best practices, visibility of systems and sharing knowledge across industries and nations.
Scada security
SCADA systems control critical infrastructure but were historically isolated systems with obscurity for security. They are now increasingly connected to the internet and each other, exposing vulnerabilities like weak passwords and unencrypted data. This presents a serious challenge as SCADA systems have special requirements preventing standard security practices and are difficult to take offline. Government and industry are working to improve SCADA security through awareness, training, and regulation.
Secure Systems Security and ISA99- IEC62443
With the new Industrial Network standards like ISA-IEC62443 companies are evolving their IT and OT networks to face evolving threats. This presentation will cover industrial networking best practices, secure architectures and segregation techniques that can be used by all businesses to prevent a minor business network breach from becoming an industrial catastrophe.
Topics Covered in this Seminar Include:
Overview Of Cyber Threat
Introduction - ISA IEC Industrial Control Security Standards
An Example - Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 Network Separation - An APT countermeasure
The next step in APT defenses System Certification to ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards
ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards Current Efforts
The Future of ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards
Practical Approaches to Securely Integrating Business and Production
Presented @ 2016 ISA Process Control & Safety Symposium, November 10, 2016
The exchange of key information between business operations, suppliers, customers, production, and ultimately the production equipment itself can provide significant financial and productivity advantages. This presentation will discuss some practical approaches to utilizing the cyber security principles from ISA/IEC 62443 in order to integrate the business and production environments. It will also present some of the different solutions for meeting a variety of scenarios, such as data historians, patching/updating, and remote maintenance.
What's hot (20)
Network Reliability Monitoring for ICS: Going Beyond NSM and SIEM
Network Reliability Monitoring for ICS: Going Beyond NSM and SIEM
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing in online SCADA ICS Environm...
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing in online SCADA ICS Environm...
Using Cyber-Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) to Optimize Control System Upgrade...
Using Cyber-Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) to Optimize Control System Upgrade...
Guide scada and_industrial_control_systems_security
Guide scada and_industrial_control_systems_security
Practical Approaches to Securely Integrating Business and Production
Practical Approaches to Securely Integrating Business and Production
Viewers also liked
Introduction to National Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security: Background a...
Given at SOURCE Boston 2013, this presentation is one of the only places you will find the conceptual and policy underpinnings of U.S. national cyber security and critical infrastructure protection efforts and information about the recent White House Cyber Executive Order
LexisNexis File & Serve Available Courts
List of all courts using LexisNexis e-filing and/or e-service, last updated December 2008. Ping me for updated versions
CSA CCM and Healthcare-related Guidelines
Prepared for U.S.-Japan Health IT Expert Meeting at the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan: Speakers including Doug Fridsma (Chief Science Officer and Director, Office of Science and Technology, Office of the National Coordinator for HIT, HHS, USG), Eiji Sasahara (Board Member, Cloud Security Alliance - Japan Chapter), Steven Yeo (General Manager, HIMSS Analytics Asia Pacific & Middle East, Vice President & Executive Director, HIMSS Asia Pacific), Theresa Cullen (Acting Deputy Director, Department of Defense / Veterans Affairs Interagency Program Office, USG)
Azure gov march 15th
Azure Government will receive FedRAMP High authorization and two new physically isolated regions will be launched for the Department of Defense and DISA Impact Level 5. New Azure services like App Service, Key Vault, D-Series machines, Site Recovery, and Backup will be available in Azure Government. Azure Government will also support the Azure Resource Manager template deployment model.
Tecnologías de información y comunicación ‘‘tics''
Este documento define las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) como el conjunto de recursos necesarios para manipular la información, tales como computadoras, programas e internet. Describe algunas aplicaciones de las TIC como el comercio electrónico, banca electrónica y su uso en la educación. También discute aspectos positivos como la interacción sin barreras y negativos como la adicción y aprendizaje superficial. Finalmente, concluye que gracias a esta investigación se aprendió a compartir información usando herramientas como Slideshare
Resume Spring 2017
This document is a resume for Jake Stepaniak. It summarizes his education at Central Michigan University where he studied business administration with a focus on marketing and professional sales, as well as credits earned at Lansing Community College where he was a member of the baseball team. His experience includes working as a grill cook at B-Line Bar & Grille, as a maintenance crew member at Radrick Farms Golf Course, and with athletic event staff at Lansing Community College. He is a member of Pi Sigma Epsilon Zeta Nu where he has networked with sales professionals and fundraised for the organization.
invitacion
Este documento anuncia una fiesta de cumpleaños que tendrá lugar el sábado 14 de diciembre en Box Rock en Miraflores. La fiesta contará con concursantes que podrán cantar canciones que siempre quisieron cantar, aunque algunos se pueden olvidar la letra o cantar en spanglish. También habrá divas buscando su momento de fama. La noche promete ser divertida para celebrar el cumpleaños en buena compañía.
Port
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
PRMC Profile-Service profile2015
Progressive Resources Management Consultants (PRMC) is a consulting firm registered in 2011 and located in General Santos City, Philippines. It provides business development services and was created after the end of two major development projects. PRMC is owned and managed by its consultant, Mr. Juno Hontanosas, who has over 20 years of experience in enterprise and organization development. The company's vision is to be a sustainable provider of services that help social enterprises alleviate poverty. It aims to do this through innovative resource management and interventions to help businesses grow. PRMC offers various consulting, training, and project development services to support organizations and enterprises.
COREL DRAW eLEARNING
Το Corel DRAW είναι ένα πολύ δυνατό πρόγραμμα γραφικής σχεδίασης και σελιδοποίησης που χρησιμοποιεί ένα σχεδόν ατελείωτο συνδυασμό εργαλείων και εφέ.
Infrastructure Security by Sivamurthy Hiremath
With the development of technology, the interdependence of various infrastructures has increased, which also enhanced their vulnerabilities. The National Information Infrastructure security concerns the nation’s stability and economic security. So far, the research in Internet security primarily focused on securing the information rather than securing the infrastructure itself.
The pervasive and ubiquitous nature of the Internet coupled with growing concerns about cyber attacks we need immediate solutions for securing the Internet infrastructure. Given the prevailing threat situation, there is a compelling need to develop Hardware redesign architectures, Algorithms, and Protocols to realize a dependable Internet infrastructure. In order to achieve this goal, the first and foremost step is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the security threats and existing solutions. These attempts to fulfil this important step by providing classification of Security attacks are classified into four main categories: DNS hacking, Routing table poisoning, Packet mistreatment, and Denial-of-Service attacks. We are generally discussing on the existing Infrastructure solutions for each of these categories, and also outline a methodology for developing secured Nation.
พอตรวม.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Infrastructure security
The document discusses infrastructure security and protecting critical infrastructure from threats like terrorism. It outlines key areas of critical infrastructure like transportation, energy, and communications. It also discusses identifying vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure through risk assessment and implementing protective programs to reduce risks and strengthen defenses.
Defeating The Network Security Infrastructure V1.0
This presentation, DEFEATING THE NETWORK SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE v1.0.pdf, was made after some brainstorming
with some friends. The techniques used are not new and the tools readily available for download. The purpose of the discussion however
is to debate how internal enterprise resources might be (in)adversely exposed to the internet by in an insider using a combination of common techniques such as SSH and SSL.
Viewers also liked (20)
Introduction to National Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security: Background a...
Introduction to National Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security: Background a...
Tecnologías de información y comunicación ‘‘tics''
Tecnologías de información y comunicación ‘‘tics''
Defeating The Network Security Infrastructure V1.0
Defeating The Network Security Infrastructure V1.0
Similar to Critical Infrastructure and Security
2-25-2014 Part 1 - NRECA Kickoff Meeting v2
The document summarizes an agenda for a meeting of the NRECA Agile Fractal Grid Kickoff Meeting. The agenda includes introductions, discussions on various topics such as the managed services store and applications, distributed systems elements, and the industrial internet. It also lists participants from various organizations that will be involved in discussions and the Security Fabric Alliance.
Nreca kickoff meeting
The document summarizes an agenda for a meeting of the NRECA Agile Fractal Grid Kickoff Meeting. The agenda includes welcome and opening remarks, introductions, discussions on various topics related to achieving grid security, reliability and resiliency through advanced analytics and control. It also includes lunch and breaks, and concludes with a wrap up and closing. Government agencies, universities and private sector participants are invited to discuss topics like the managed services store, distributed systems elements, and applying security fabrics to protect industrial internet communications.
T063500000200201 ppte
This document discusses cyber security challenges for the smart grid and outlines NIST's efforts to address them. It provides background on the electric grid and goals of the smart grid. The smart grid will be more complex and interconnected, introducing new security risks. NIST published guidelines for smart grid cyber security to help integrate security during modernization. The guidelines provide a risk assessment framework and recommended security requirements but do not mandate specific solutions.
Embedded Security and the IoT – Challenges, Trends and Solutions
Originally presented on April 09, 2015.
Sponsors: RTI, Texas Instruments and ThingWorx
Watch On-Demand: http://ecast.opensystemsmedia.com/535
Intelligent Maintenance: Mapping the #IIoT Process
A presentation about Industrial IoT, the value chain and real-world use cases; how to create value with IoT at your organization with an emphasis on predictive maintenance (bearing fault detection).
Online BS in Construction Management and Critical Infrastructure at capitol tech
With an online bachelors degree in construction management and critical infrastructure, you'll bring a unique skill set and understanding to your role in the construction industry. You'll graduate prepared to manage a variety of construction projects, from the field or home office. At the same time, your enhanced IT skills in cybersecurity make you uniquely qualified to handle the nation's critical infrastructure. Protecting physical buildings, industrial plants, transportation – as well as the computer networks that remotely operate these facilities – is crucial to our society and the way we live. Finally, you’ll complete an unmanned systems course. You can also add a minor in unmanned systems, which makes you able to obtain your FAA Part 107 license to operate commercial uses of drones weighing less than 55 pounds.
2 cyber security challenges in io t
This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) security. It begins by introducing RFID technology and how it enables IoT. It then discusses the layered IoT architecture and key security concerns at each layer, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, trust, privacy, authentication, accountability, auditability, and non-repudiation. Next, it covers edge node vulnerabilities, cyber attack terminology, and example IoT applications and their specific security issues. Finally, it analyzes challenges in IoT security and provides countermeasures.
02 ibm security for smart grids
The document discusses security concerns for smart grids and outlines IBM's approach to addressing these concerns. It notes that smart grids require security at multiple points due to their use of IP protocols and open standards. It then lists IBM's portfolio of cybersecurity solutions for smart grids, which take a full lifecycle approach from defining security strategies to conducting security testing. The solutions are designed to help utilities meet NERC-CIP and other grid security standards.
ATAGTR2017 Security Testing / IoT Testing in Real World
The presentation on Security Testing / IoT Testing in Real World was done during #ATAGTR2017, one of the largest global testing conference. All copyright belongs to the author.
Author and presenter : Aditya Upadhya
Tyler Technology Expo
This is a presentation on compliance and comparison between the major compliance and CJIS compliance for Law Enforcement.
Meeting DFARS Requirements in AWS GovCloud (US) | AWS Public Sector Summit 2017
The Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) is a supplement to the FAR that provides Department of Defense-specific acquisition regulations that DoD government acquisition officials and contractors doing business with DoD must follow in the procurement process for goods and services. This session will discuss the implications for meeting DFARS in the cloud and provide practical guidance on how DoD and defense contracting organizations can meet DFARS requirements using AWS GovCloud (US). The session will also feature a customer use case on addressing DFARS in AWS GovCloud (US). Learn More: https://aws.amazon.com/government-education/
Nist 800 82
The NIST SP 800-82 document provides guidance on establishing secure industrial control systems (ICS). It discusses ICS characteristics and security challenges. It recommends developing a comprehensive ICS security program that includes senior management support, risk assessments, defined policies and procedures, inventory of assets, and training. It also provides recommendations on network architecture design and implementing NIST SP 800-53 security controls for ICS environments.
Cybersecurity for Smart Grids: Vulnerabilities and Strategies to Provide Cybe...
This Cybersecurity webinar addresses issues of importance to executive, technical, and academic professionals involved with managing and protecting Electric Utilities and Smart Grids. Cyber threats and vulnerabilities, including cyber attacks, will be addressed; as well as Smart Grid trends, and privacy and data integrity issues. United States, European, and International organizations and initiatives to address cybersecurity for utilities will be discussed. The webinar will conclude with strategies to improve cybersecurity. A second cybersecurity webinar (programmed in September 2017) will address best practices, case studies, and legal and regulatory constraints for architecting smart grids in a secure way.
The Prospect of IoT in the Oil & Gas
This Presentation talks about the internet of Things and the Oil & Gas Industry as it has been a hot topic in the major industries lately.
Overall System Architecture of Big Data of Wind Power Based on IoT_20161...
1. The document discusses the overall architecture of a big data platform for wind power based on IoT. It aims to address challenges in managing distributed energy assets through standardized data acquisition, transmission, and analysis of massive data volumes.
2. The proposed project would build a big data platform integrating IoT, big data, and cloud technologies to enable accurate prediction, diagnosis, and maintenance of over 11,000 wind turbines across multiple manufacturers.
3. The platform architecture includes sections for data acquisition from various sensor sources, secure data transmission, a Hadoop-based big data processing platform, and applications for business intelligence, asset management, and predictive analytics.
Data Distribution Service Security and the Industrial Internet of Things
This document discusses data distribution service (DDS) security for the industrial internet of things (IIoT). It provides background on DDS and the IIoT. It then discusses how DDS security works, including pluggable security architectures, authentication, access control, and message security. The goal of DDS security is to prevent unauthorized access to data in the global data space shared by DDS applications. Built-in security capabilities include X.509 authentication, access control configuration, and encryption/message authentication algorithms.
Ncma saguaro cyber security 2016 law & regulations asis phoenix dely fina...
Ncma saguaro cyber security 2016 law & regulations asis phoenix dely fina...John Hamilton, DAHC,EHC,CFDAI, CPP, PSPO
1) The document discusses cyber security laws, regulations, and trends related to critical infrastructure protection. It covers Presidential Executive Orders on cyber security of critical infrastructure, key federal cyber security laws, and Department of Defense guidance documents.
2) It also discusses system cyber defense resilience architectures, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology cybersecurity framework and risk management process.
3) Finally, it addresses lifecycle systems cyber resiliency architecting, including principles, techniques, attack mechanisms, and metrics for measuring cyber resilience.Solving ICS Cybersecurity Challenges in the Electric Industry
This document discusses how a mid-sized US electric utility implemented the Dragos cybersecurity platform to improve the visibility of its operational technology (OT) assets and threats, enhance compliance functions, and better support its limited OT security team. The Dragos solution included passive network monitoring sensors, asset characterization, and threat intelligence reporting. It helped the utility address compliance requirements, leverage Dragos' expertise through training and assistance, and improve its detection of OT threats through behavioral analytics and investigation playbooks. The solution demonstrated that combining technology with personnel support can effectively address common industrial control system security challenges faced by electric utilities.
Io t security defense in depth charles li v1 20180425c
The document discusses IoT security defense in depth. It notes that early IoT devices from the 1980s lacked many security measures that are now common, like network perimeter defense and endpoint protection. As IoT expands to include more devices, endpoints and attack surfaces, threats have become more aggressive and relentless. Effective IoT security requires an understanding of both IT and OT security practices. The document advocates a defense in depth approach with security controls at multiple layers, including the network, host, application, gateway, controllers and data/devices. Both technical and administrative measures are needed.
Similar to Critical Infrastructure and Security (20)
Embedded Security and the IoT – Challenges, Trends and Solutions
Embedded Security and the IoT – Challenges, Trends and Solutions
Intelligent Maintenance: Mapping the #IIoT Process
Intelligent Maintenance: Mapping the #IIoT Process
Online BS in Construction Management and Critical Infrastructure at capitol tech
Online BS in Construction Management and Critical Infrastructure at capitol tech
ATAGTR2017 Security Testing / IoT Testing in Real World
ATAGTR2017 Security Testing / IoT Testing in Real World
Meeting DFARS Requirements in AWS GovCloud (US) | AWS Public Sector Summit 2017
Meeting DFARS Requirements in AWS GovCloud (US) | AWS Public Sector Summit 2017
Cybersecurity for Smart Grids: Vulnerabilities and Strategies to Provide Cybe...
Cybersecurity for Smart Grids: Vulnerabilities and Strategies to Provide Cybe...
Overall System Architecture of Big Data of Wind Power Based on IoT_20161...
Overall System Architecture of Big Data of Wind Power Based on IoT_20161...
Data Distribution Service Security and the Industrial Internet of Things
Data Distribution Service Security and the Industrial Internet of Things
Ncma saguaro cyber security 2016 law & regulations asis phoenix dely fina...
Ncma saguaro cyber security 2016 law & regulations asis phoenix dely fina...
Solving ICS Cybersecurity Challenges in the Electric Industry
Solving ICS Cybersecurity Challenges in the Electric Industry
Io t security defense in depth charles li v1 20180425c
Io t security defense in depth charles li v1 20180425c
Recently uploaded
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
This ppt gives detailed description of Object Oriented Analysis and design.
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...Paris Salesforce Developer Group
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
Recently uploaded (20)
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
Critical Infrastructure and Security
- 1. @Security For You, Oct 2015 Critical Infrastructure and Security
- 2. Agenda • Introduction, Disclamer • Critical Infrastructures • Critical Infrastructures and Audit • Energy Security • Resources
- 3. • 17 times more attack on critical infrastructures last 3 years (USA) • Sept 2014-June 2015 30.000.000++ attack (USA DoD) • Financial lost 113.000.000.000 $
- 4. • Chemical Sector • Commercial Facilities Sector • Communications Sector • Critical Manufacturing Sector • Dams Sector • Defense Industrial Base Sector • Emergency Services Sector • Transportation Systems • Energy Sector • Financial Services Sector • Food and Agriculture Sector • Government Facilities Sector • Healthcare and Public Health Sector • Information Technology Sector • Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste • USA Homeland Security
- 6. • ICS (Industrial Control Systems) • SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) • DCS (Distributed Control System) • HMI (Human Machine Interface) • MTU (Master Terminal Unit) • Data Historian • RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) • PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) • IED (Intelligent Electronic Devices)
- 8. • Serial Communication • EtherCat • Modbus/Modbus TCP • PROFIBUS • PROFINET • CANOpen • DeviceNet • EtherNet/IP • DNP3 Keep in mind this list includes just few of them
- 9. • Authentication? • Encryption? • Security?
- 10. • Confidentiality • Integrity • Availability
- 11. While a ping sweep was being performed on an active SCADA network that controlled 3 meter (9 foot) robotic arms, it was noticed that one arm became active and swung around 180 degrees. NIST SP800-82
- 12. A natural gas utility hired an IT security consulting organization to conduct penetration testing on its corporate IT network. The consulting organization carelessly ventured into a part of the network that was directly connected to the SCADA system. The penetration test locked up the SCADA system and the utility was not able to send gas through its pipelines for four hours. NIST SP800-82
- 13. • Process Based Audit – HR Security – Physical security – Information Security Awareness – Operations Security – Policy & Procedures – Top Management Commitment • Technical Audits – OS Audits – Physical HMI Audit – Active Directory and Other Authentication-Authorization Audit – Malware Analysis – Patch Management Audit – Security Components Audit • FW, IPS/IDS, NAC
- 14. • Infrastructure Analysis • OS, Server Testing • User Interface Testing • Network and Network Protocol Testing & Analysis • RF, GRPS Testing • Embedded Electronics and Firmware Testing
- 15. • Wireshark? • Burp? • Hex viewer • Phyton • Metasploit Modules • Modescan • Nmap • PLCSCAN • Modlib • OpenDNP3
- 16. • ICS-Cert • Digital Bond • RISI • NIST SP 800-82 • NIST SP 800 53R4 • NISTIR 7628
Editor's Notes
- HBR Turkey, Sept 2015
- http://www.dhs.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors